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BEIJING, Jan. 25 (Xinhua) -- China's 11 government departments have jointly released a guideline outlining major measures to lessen noise pollution amid rising noise disputes and complaints, the Ministry of Environmental Protection said Tuesday.The ministry's spokesperson, Tao Detian, said Tuesday the country saw rising complaints about noise pollution, which has caused an increasingly negative impact on the living environment in recent years.The 26-article guideline focuses on addressing noise pollution in fields including industry, construction, traffic and people's daily lives.Further, the regulation bans businesses from using acoustic instruments outdoors to lure customers.Also, heavy noise polluters are banned from entering industrial parks, according to the guideline.Moreover, motor vehicles should strictly observe speed limits, traffic restrictions and use of auto horns around "noise-sensitive buildings" such as hospitals, schools, government organs, scientific research institutions and residential buildings, it said.According to the guideline, government departments would also impose higher fines on noise polluters and collect fees for "discharges of excessive noise," in accordance with law.The newly issued document calls on various government agencies, such as the ministries on environmental protection, science and technology, public security, finance, housing, transportation and railways, to make coordinated efforts to curb pollution.Further, government organs could launch regular inspection campaigns in major cities, it said.According to the guideline, government agencies will set up a system to examine sound-proof qualities of civilian buildings and provide a list of major noise pollution sources by the end of this year.Also, the guideline ordered major cities to establish an automatic noise monitoring system and to equip each city in the country with at least one noise display screen by the end of 2011.

BEIJING, Jan. 31 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao and other Party and state leaders have sent greetings to dozens of retired officials ahead of the Spring Festival, according to the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.Former President Jiang Zemin and former Premier Li Peng were on the list of those who received either personal visits from leaders or from representatives, said a statement released by the office on Monday.Hu and the other leaders wished the retired officials good health and long life, said the statement.This year's Spring Festival, or the Chinese New Year, falls on Feb. 3.

WASHINGTON, May 12 (Xinhua) -- Early initiation of antiretroviral treatment in people infected with HIV prevents them from transmitting the virus to their partners, according to findings released Thursday from a large-scale international clinical study.The study, known as HPTN 052, was designed to evaluate whether antiretroviral drugs can prevent sexual transmission of HIV infection among couples in which one partner is HIV-infected and the other is not. The results are the first of their kind from a major randomized clinical trial.Led by Myron Cohen, of the University of North Carolina, the research found that treating HIV-infected individuals with antiretroviral therapy (ART) when their immune systems are still relatively healthy led to a 96 percent reduction in HIV transmission to their partners.This critical new finding convincingly demonstrates that early treatment of infected individuals can have a major impact on the spread of the epidemic.Study investigators enrolled 1,763 couples who were not eligible for ART by WHO standards in nine countries around the world. All couples were at least 18 years of age. The vast majority of the couples (97 percent) were heterosexual, which precludes any definitive conclusions about effectiveness in men who have sex with men.Couples were randomly assigned to one of two study groups. In the first group, the HIV-infected partner initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) as soon as the couple enrolled in the study (the immediate treatment group); in the second group, infected partners did not begin ART until their CD4+ counts fell to between 200 and 250 cells/mm3 or they developed an AIDS-related illness (the delayed treatment group). Couples in both groups received HIV primary care, counseling and condoms.Results of this research study, which was scheduled to conclude in 2015, are being released early, after the independent data and safety monitoring board (DSMB) determined that the benefits of early treatment were clear.

STOCKHOLM, Feb. 20 (Xinhua) -- The exhibition of the Chinese Terra-cotta Army here was an enormous success, project organizer Sanne Houby-Nielsen said Sunday.About 320 objects, including terra-cotta warriors from the ancient Chinese Qin Dynasty and other terra-cotta figures from Han Dynasty, were exhibited at the Far Eastern Antiquities Museum during the event, which ended Sunday.Houby-Nielsen, who is director of the museum and also director-general of the country's National Museums of World Culture, told Xinhua in an exclusive interview that the total number of visitors was around 350,000, more than double the expected turnout.This was the highest number of visitors the museum has ever experienced in its history since it was established in the 1940s, said Houby-Nielsen, adding that the exhibition was originally scheduled to end on Jan. 16, but "a great pressure from the audiences" prompted the museum to extend it till Sunday."It is an exhibition which won the most audience for many years in Sweden. We feel particularly happy because it was a very good display of the story of the first emperor and the early Han Dynasty," she said."We felt such a huge interest that we have to prolong it. So we were very grateful that it was possible to prolong the exhibition," she added.The exhibition was declared open by Swedish King Carl XVI Gustaf in August. Many of the ancient Chinese artifacts have never been exhibited outside China.Swedish Sinologist Cecelia Lindqvist commented that the event helped people understand the current China by looking at the history of China presented in the exhibition.

WASHINGTON, May 17 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced Tuesday that the international Aquarius/SAC-D observatory will be launched on June 9, to study interactions between ocean circulation, the water cycle and climate by measuring ocean surface salinity.Engineers at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California are performing final tests before mating the satellite to its Delta II rocket. The mission is a collaboration between NASA and Argentina' s space agency, with participation from Brazil, Canada, France and Italy.In addition to Aquarius, the primary instrument, the observatory carries seven other instruments that will collect environmental data for a wide range of applications, including studies of natural hazards, air quality, land processes and epidemiology.The mission will make NASA's first space observations of the concentration of dissolved salt at the ocean surface. Aquarius' observations will reveal how salinity variations influence ocean circulation, trace the path of freshwater around our planet, and help drive Earth's climate. The ocean surface constantly exchanges water and heat with Earth's atmosphere. Approximately 80 percent of the global water cycle that moves freshwater from the ocean to the atmosphere to the land and back to the ocean happens over the ocean.Salinity plays a key role in these exchanges. By tracking changes in ocean surface salinity, Aquarius will monitor variations in the water cycle caused by evaporation and precipitation over the ocean, river runoff, the freezing and melting of sea ice. Salinity also makes seawater denser, causing it to sink, where it becomes part of deep, interconnected ocean currents. This deep ocean "conveyor belt" moves water masses and heat from the tropics to the polar regions, helping to regulate Earth's climate."Salinity is the glue that bonds two major components of Earth' s complex climate system: ocean circulation and the global water cycle," said Aquarius Principal Investigator Gary Lagerloef of Earth & Space Research in Seattle in a statement. "Aquarius will map global variations in salinity in unprecedented detail, leading to new discoveries that will improve our ability to predict future climate."Aquarius will measure salinity by sensing microwave emissions from the water's surface with a radiometer instrument. These emissions can be used to indicate the saltiness of the surface water, after accounting for other environmental factors. Salinity levels in the open ocean vary by only about five parts per thousand, and small changes are important. Aquarius uses advanced technologies to detect changes in salinity as small as about two parts per 10,000, equivalent to a pinch (about one-eighth of a teaspoon) of salt in a gallon of water.Aquarius will map the entire open ocean every seven days for at least three years from 408 miles (657 kilometers) above Earth. Its measurements will produce monthly estimates of ocean surface salinity with a spatial resolution of 93 miles (150 kilometers). The data will reveal how salinity changes over time and from one part of the ocean to another.