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WASHINGTON, April 20 (Xinhua) -- Those childhood music lessons could pay off decades later -- even for those who no longer play an instrument -- by keeping the mind sharper as people age, according to a preliminary study published by the American Psychological Association (APA).The study recruited 70 healthy adults age 60 to 83 who were divided into groups based on their levels of musical experience. The musicians performed better on several cognitive tests than individuals who had never studied an instrument or learned how to read music, according to the research findings published Wednesday online in the APA journal Neuropsychology."Musical activity throughout life may serve as a challenging cognitive exercise, making your brain fitter and more capable of accommodating the challenges of aging," said lead researcher Brenda Hanna-Pladdy, a clinical neuropsychologist at the University of Kansas Medical Center. "Since studying an instrument requires years of practice and learning, it may create alternate connections in the brain that could compensate for cognitive declines as we get older."The three groups of study participants included individuals with no musical training; with one to nine years of musical study; or with at least 10 years of musical training. All of the participants had similar levels of education and fitness and didn' t show any evidence of Alzheimer's disease.All of the musicians were amateurs who began playing an instrument at about 10 years of age. More than half played the piano while approximately a quarter had studied woodwind instruments such as the flute or clarinet. Smaller numbers performed with stringed instruments, percussion or brass instruments.The high-level musicians who had studied the longest performed the best on the cognitive tests, followed by the low-level musicians and non-musicians, revealing a trend relating to years of musical practice. The high-level musicians had statistically significant higher scores than the non-musicians on cognitive tests relating to visuospatial memory, naming objects and cognitive flexibility, or the brain's ability to adapt to new information.The brain functions measured by the tests typically decline as the body ages and more dramatically deteriorate in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. The results "suggest a strong predictive effect of high musical activity throughout the lifespan on preserved cognitive functioning in advanced age," the study stated.Half of the high-level musicians still played an instrument at the time of the study, but they didn't perform better on the cognitive tests than the other advanced musicians who had stopped playing years earlier. This suggests that the duration of musical study was more important than whether musicians continued playing at an advanced age, Hanna-Pladdy says."Based on previous research and our study results, we believe that both the years of musical participation and the age of acquisition are critical," Hanna-Pladdy says. "There are crucial periods in brain plasticity that enhance learning, which may make it easier to learn a musical instrument before a certain age and thus may have a larger impact on brain development."The preliminary study was correlational, meaning that the higher cognitive performance of the musicians couldn't be conclusively linked to their years of musical study. More research is needed to explore that possible link.

CANBERRA, May 10 (Xinhua) -- Technology may have a harmful effect on children's development and creativity, Australia's report found on Tuesday.The Pilot Pen Australia Creativity Report found that children could be depending too much on technology such as computers.Written by psychologist Kimberley O'Brien, the report suggested that students are becoming scared of handwritten tasks as there is no spelling or grammar check tool to pick up their mistakes as they go along."Children who develop this kind of dependency on computer software are less likely to write using a pen and paper given that they will feel a vulnerability to failure," the report said.It said using software that immediately tells children to correct errors like spelling and grammar could disrupts their thought patterns and stunts their ideas, and children who hand write are able to produce almost twice as many ideas as those using computer technology to write a creative story.The report studied 300 Year five and six children, and found handwritten essays were completed significantly faster and contained a higher standard of sentence structure, grammar, punctuation, cohesion, ideas development and organization than those completed using keyboards.A further study found students in Years two, four and six produced up to twice as many ideas writing on pen and paper as those on computers.O'Brien said the results were due to computers putting extra pressure on writers to edit as they go rather than get their ideas down first and edit minor mistakes later.O'Brien said children were most likely to develop their handwriting skills between the ages of eight and 10, and she urged all teachers and parents to ensure their children met community standards for legible handwriting.However, she said that computers are a good support tool, and they should not replace handwriting entirely.

SAN FRANCISCO, April 5 (Xinhua) -- Apple Inc.'s iPad 2 has topped the ratings by Consumer Reports, an influential U.S. magazine for product reviews, in the latest tests of the 10 most- promising tablet computers.According to the ratings released on Tuesday, the Apple iPad 2 with Wi-Fi plus 3G (32G), which is priced at 730 U.S. dollars, topped the ratings, scoring "excellent" in nearly every category.Besides several models from Apple, other brands tested include Archos, Dell, Motorola, Samsung and Viewsonic. Each tablet was evaluated on 17 criteria, including touch-screen responsiveness, versatility, portability, screen glare and ease of use."So far, Apple is leading the tablet market in both quality and price, which is unusual for a company whose products are usually premium priced," Paul Reynolds, electronics editor at Consumer Reports, said in a statement.The Motorola Xoom, whose price is 800 dollars, stood out as the iPad 2's main rival. It boasts several features that the iPad lacks, including a built-in memory card reader and support for the Flash videos.The first-generation iPad, priced at 580 dollars, also outscored many of the other models tested but tied with the Motorola Xoom, according to tests by Consumer Reports.

TOKYO, March 20 (Xinhua) -- Traces of radioactive iodine had been detected in Tokyo and the surrounding Kanto region, according to the results of an investigation of radioactivity in precipitation and dust conducted by the government, local media reported on Sunday.Radioactive iodine was found in Tokyo, Saitama, Chiba, Yamanashi, Tochigi and Gunma prefectures, the Kyodo News said, citing the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. The ministry added that the levels detected in the investigation alone would not affect human health.An employee of Yamagata city office holds a Geiger counter to detect radiation when evacuees from the vicinity of Fukushima nuclear plant wish to be screened upon their arrival at an evacuation centre set in a gymnasium in Yamagata, northern Japan March 19, 2011, eight days after Japan's devastating earthquake and tsunami.The investigation was carried out following the nuclear crisis at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, the government said Sunday.The ministry said that a separate research has already shown that radioactive materials in the air and tap water in Tokyo and the five prefectures pose no threat to human health, according to Kyodo News report.

CAIRO, Jan. 23 (Xinhua) -- The first training session for Egyptian Chinese language teachers to improve their teaching ability started on Sunday in Cairo.The session, under the supervision of the Chinese Confucius institute, will concentrate on the exchange of experiences in teaching the Chinese language in Egypt and the enhancement of Egyptian teachers' ability to make better use of the textbooks.The three-day training session will contain language and cultural courses by professors and instructors from famous Chinese universities such as Beijing University and Beijing Foreign Studies University, said Li Shengjun, head of the Confucius Institute at Cairo University.Nearly 60 Egyptian Chinese language teachers, including 14 professors, from universities including Cairo University, Ain Shams University and Minya University will attend the training courses.China has established 691 Confucius institutes and classes in around 69 countries until 2010, including nine in the Arab countries.

来源：资阳报