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JINAN, Oct. 24 (Xinhua) -- Chinese scientists have made a breakthrough that could lead to more effective treatments for leprosy.A team from Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology in east China has identified two new risk variants near IL23R and RAB 32 genes that are responsible for the disease, according to a report published online Monday in the scientific journal Nature Genetics.Knowing that the two gene variants influence susceptibility to leprosy could allow doctors to diagnose the disease in sufferers earlier in its outset, as well as to develop new treatments. A genetic database could now be built up to predict those people particularly susceptible to leprosy, said Zhang Furen, the leader of the research team.The study involved more than 10,000 samples being taken from leprosy sufferers and healthy test subjects and analysed.Leprosy is a chronic nerve-killing disease that leads to problems with patients' skin, feet, hands, legs and eyes. More than 200,000 newly-contracted leprosy cases are reported worldwide every year, and China has around one tenth of the world's sufferers. 

JERUSALEM, Nov. 1 (Xinhua) -- Israeli researchers at Tel Aviv University developed a computer chip that could recuperate loss body movement if placed in the cerebellum, opening the doors to treatment of brain damage, researchers told Xinhua on Tuesday.The computer chip, wired to a man-made segment of a cerebellum, was attached to a rodent's skull that had lost the ability to blink. After the artificial cerebellum was implanted, the rodent was once again able to blink.The chip, connected to the rat's brain, works by reading sensory information from the body and then communicating it to the cerebellum, the area of the brain that allows movement coordination, through electrodes."The chip itself imitates a small part of the cerebellum, a very tiny part of it," said Prof. Matti Mintz of TAU's Department of Psychology."We took a small part of the cerebellum and studied it and created the computer chip that mimics the damaged area," he said.However, more complicated movements, like walking, are still at least one decade away, Mintz added."We still did not test it on humans because we need to know the area the chip will mimic before installing it, which requires extensive research. But we are now developing a chip that will do a sequence of simple movements," he pointed out.When fully developed for humans, it can be used to help patients who suffer brain genetic diseases like Parkinson, or had strokes that caused brain damage.

BEIJING, Dec. 20 (Xinhua) -- A senior Chinese official called for a higher level of requirements for promoting cultural and ethical progress at a national conference Tuesday.Li Changchun, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee urged for efforts to "provide firm ideological assurance, powerful spiritual drive, effective media support and sound cultural conditions for achieving the great goal of building an overall prosperous society."Li, also director of the Central Spiritual Civilization Development Steering Commission, made the remark while addressing the National Award-issuing Conference on the Work of Cultural and Ethical Progress.Li Changchun (1st L), a Standing Committee member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and director of the Central Spiritual Civilization Development Steering Commission, presents the awards to the advanced collectives and individuals during the National Award-issuing Conference on the Work of Cultural and Ethical Progress held in Beijing, capital of China, Dec. 20, 2011. Li attended the conference on Tuesday and gave a speech.In his speech, Li extended his gratefulness to everyone engaged in cultural and ethical work at all levels, as well as to people from all walks of life for their active participation in, and support of, the work.Currently, publicizing the Party's new plenary session should be the primary task in cultural and ethical work, Li said."Cultural and ethical progress is a major component of the socialist cause with China's own characteristics," he said, emphasizing that substantial efforts must be made to strengthen Party leadership on the work.The meeting was presided over by Liu Yunshan, a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and deputy-director of the Central Spiritual Civilization Development Steering Commission.In an address at the gathering, he called for greater efforts in publicizing the models of cultural and ethical progress, so as to "enhance the level of civilization of the society as a whole."A total of 27 cities and municipal districts, 899 villages and small towns, and 1,794 institutions and enterprises were awarded for their marked achievements in cultural and ethical progress, and 23 cities and municipal districts that had been previously awarded were allowed to keep their honorary titles.

WASHINGTON, Oct. 13 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have corrected sickle cell disease in adult laboratory mice that had been bred to have the inherited blood disorder by activating production of a special blood component, according to a study published online Thursday in the journal Science.Sickle cell disease results from an abnormality in hemoglobin, the protein found in red blood cells that is responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. People living with sickle cell disease have two copies of an altered gene that produces sickle hemoglobin instead of normal adult hemoglobin. Sickle hemoglobin changes shape after releasing its oxygen, causing the red blood cell to become stiff, misshapen and sticky, and slowing blood flow to tissues. This process damages organs and causes pain.The study tested a new approach to increasing the production of a third form of hemoglobin -- fetal hemoglobin. Production of fetal hemoglobin predominates before birth, but turns off thereafter as adult hemoglobin production takes over. People with sickle cell disease are unable to make normal adult hemoglobin, and instead make sickle hemoglobin starting in infancy.An elevated level of fetal hemoglobin within the red blood cell reduces the tendency of sickle hemoglobin to change the shape of red blood cells. Considerable research has shown that the drug hydroxyurea increases production of fetal hemoglobin and reduces the number of pain crises and other complications of sickle cell disease in adults and children. However, not all patients respond well to hydroxyurea, and adverse side effects are a concern.The current study explores a more targeted approach to increasing fetal hemoglobin production. It builds upon earlier studies that discovered a protein called BCL11A normally suppresses the production of fetal hemoglobin soon after birth. The researchers viewed the BCL11A protein as a target for therapy and decided to see what would happen if they blocked production of the protein.The paper details how the research team silenced the mouse gene that produces the BCL11A protein in mice with sickle cell disease. Silencing the gene turned off production of the BCL11A protein and allowed the adult mice to continue to produce fetal hemoglobin. It appears to have eliminated disease symptoms without affecting other aspects of blood production."This discovery provides an important new target for future therapies in people with sickle cell disease," said Susan Shurin, acting director of the U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, which co-funded the study. "More work is needed before it will be possible to test such therapies in people, but this study demonstrates that the approach works in principle."Approximately 100,000 Americans live with sickle cell disease. It is most prevalent in people of African, Hispanic, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern descent. There is no widely available cure for sickle cell disease. Bone marrow transplants have cured some patients, but the treatment is not without risk and most patients do not have relatives who can donate compatible and healthy bone marrow to them.