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LOS ANGELES, May 1 (Xinhua) -- Middle-aged adults who sleep too less or too much may be more likely to suffer cognitive decline, a new study suggests.According to the study, less than six hours of sleep each night is considered too little and more than eight hours as too much for middle-aged adults.The study, conducted by researchers at University College London Medical School, was published May 1 in the American medical journal Sleep.The researchers conducted the study in two periods -- the 1997- 1999 period and the 2003-2004 period. The participants were asked how many hours they slept on an average week night, and were asked the same question in 2003-2004 after an average 5.4 years of follow-up.The researchers compared those who reported changes in their sleep patterns with people whose sleep duration stayed the same over the course of the study.In the follow-up, each individual was given a battery of standard tests to assess his or her memory, reasoning, vocabulary, global cognitive status and verbal fluency.The study findings show that women who slept seven hours per night had the highest score for every cognitive measure, followed by those who had six hours of sleep. For men, cognitive function was similar for those who reported sleeping six, seven or eight hours.However, less than six hours of sleep -- or more than eight hours -- were associated with lower scores."Sleep provides the body with its daily need for physiological restitution and recovery," explained Jane Ferrie, a senior research fellow in the department of epidemiology and public health at the school. "While seven hours a night appears to be optimal for the majority of human beings, many people can function perfectly well on regular sleep of less or more hours."However, since most research has focused on the effects of sleep deprivation on biological systems, it is not yet fully understood why seven hours is optimal -- or why long sleeping appears to be detrimental, Ferrie said."Chronic short sleep produces hormones and chemicals in the body which increase the risk of developing heart disease and strokes, and other conditions like high blood pressure and cholesterol, diabetes and obesity," she added.

UNITED NATIONS, Jan. 26 (Xinhua) -- China on Wednesday welcomed the smooth development of the south Sudan referendum, voicing its hope that the parties in south and north Sudan could reach a consensus at an early date on the outstanding issues through dialogue and consultations.Li Baodong, the Chinese permanent representative to the United Nations, made the statement in an interview with Xinhua after he spoke at the UN Security Council about the Chinese stance on the situation of Sudan.Earlier on Wednesday, the Security Council met to hear briefings from Atul Khare, UN assistant secretary-general for peacekeeping operations, and Ibrahim Gambari, the joint special representative of the African Union-United Nations Mission in Darfur (UNAMID), on the current situation in Sudan."China welcomes the smooth development of the south Sudan referendum, this is the result of the joint efforts of north and south Sudan and the international community," Li said."At present, priority should be given to the following work: First, continuous efforts should be made to fully maintain peace and stability in Sudan to enable the country to realize its long- term peace, stability and development," he said. "Second, efforts should be made to encourage the parties in south and north Sudan to continue their efforts for the full implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), particularly for a consensus at an early date on the outstanding issues."The referendum, with its week-long polling period ending on Jan. 15, will determine whether south Sudan remains a part of Sudan or becomes independent, in accordance with the 2005 CPA that ended a long-running north-south civil war.The referendum's preliminary results are expected to be announced by Feb. 2, and depending on whether appeals are launched in the courts, the final result will be declared on Feb. 7 or 14.

BEIJING, May 21 (Xinhua) -- China may see increased planting acre of early rice this year, though drought has not been relieved in some areas, said a statement on the website of the Ministry of Agriculture on Saturday.China is expected to plant 88.5 million Mu (5.87 million hectares) of early rice this year, about 1.6 million Mu more than the previous year, thanks to soaring rice prices and policy incentives, the statement said.However, drought continues in Hubei Province, Poyang Lake areas in Jiangxi Province, Dongting Lake areas in Hunan Province and Leizhou Peninsular in Guangdong Province, the statement said.The drought has affected about 3 million Mu of paddies in Hubei in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the statement said.The statement urged local agricultural departments to help facilitate paddy management, as strong rains were forecast for southern China from Friday to next Tuesday.The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River received about 40 to 60 percent less rain this year than in previous years -- this year being the least amount of rain in the past 50 years, said the State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters.

BEIJING, Jan. 20 (Xinhua) -- Major foreign media have been positive in their coverage so far of Chinese President Hu Jintao's four-day visit to the United States, which began Tuesday.AP said Obama was lavishing the grandest of White House welcomes on Hu as the leaders of the two powers looked for common ground on economic and security issues without alienating their domestic audiences."I absolutely believe China's peaceful rise is good for the world, and it's good for America," Obama said.The Washington Post said Obama stated several times that the United States does not fear a stronger China and that Washington has no interest in blocking Beijing's emergence as a superpower.Chinese President Hu Jintao speaks at a welcoming ceremony held by U.S. President Barack Obama on the South Lawn of the White House in Washington, the United States, Jan. 19, 2011It also said Hu's visit, in addition to serious policy matters, featured a fair amount of glitz. He arrived at the White House to a 21-gun salute and was sent off with a state dinner.The Wall Street Journal said President Obama is looking to assure Americans that they should not fear China's economic rise, using Chinese President Hu's high-profile state visit to announce job-creating business deals worth billions of dollars to U.S. companies.The two sides played down differences and stressed areas of cooperation, ranging from a plan to cooperate on nuclear security to an extension of the loan of two Chinese pandas to Washington's zoo.CNN said at a joint news conference held by the two leaders, Obama praised a "spirit of cooperation that is also friendly competition." President Hu told reporters the countries' relationship is based on "mutual respect and mutual benefit."Obama stressed common interests between the nations while toasting the Chinese leader at the White House, CNN said.VOA said dozens of business deals this week will increase U.S. exports by more than 45 billion U.S. dollars and increase China's investments in the United States by several billion dollars.AFP said that, during Hu's visit, the United States and China had announced a raft of trade deals worth 45 billion dollars. The deals, spanning sectors as diverse as agriculture, gasification, railways and hybrid buses, would support 235,000 U.S. jobs."The scope of Wednesday's deals were seen as evidence of the rapidly deepening business links between the two countries," AFP said.The Los Angeles Times said in its report that two leaders "unapologetically acknowledged major differences on economic issues and human rights" in a White House summit Wednesday, but also pledged cooperation to stabilize relations between the world's two largest economies.Obama said the United States hoped to benefit from China's "rapid and peaceful" growth, the report said.The Times of India said, "China's President Hu Jintao arrived in Washington on Tuesday on a four-day U.S. visit that is being watched in every capital on the planet."O Estado de S. Paulo, a local daily newspaper in Brazil, quoted President Hu's words, saying that China and the United States "stand to gain from a sound China-U.S. relationship, and lose from confrontation," thus they needed to discard the "Cold War mentality."The newspaper also said the two nations both hoped to take the visit as an opportunity to rebuild mutual trust despite some frictions over the past year.

WASHINGTON, April 25 (Xinhua) -- A class of drugs that shows promise in breast and ovarian cancers with BRCA gene mutations could potentially benefit colorectal cancer patients with a different genetic mutation, a new study from the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center finds.Working in cell lines from colorectal cancer patients, researchers found that the class of drugs called PARP inhibitors worked against tumors with mutations in the MRE11 gene.About 15 percent of all colorectal cancers have what's called microsatellite instability, a type of error in the DNA. About 82 percent of those tumors have the MRE11 gene mutation."This is a potential broader application for PARP inhibitors, beyond breast and ovarian cancer. This is a class of drug that's already shown safety in early clinical trials and now might benefit some colorectal cancer patients as well," says lead study author Eduardo Vilar-Sanchez, a hematology/oncology fellow at the university, in a statement.The study, which was published Monday in Cancer Research, also found that PARP inhibitors are even more effective when both copies of MRE11 were mutated. Each person carries two copies of each gene, which means mutations can occur in either one or both copies. The researchers suggest that PARP inhibitors could be targeted specifically to colorectal cancer patients who have two copies of the mutated gene.Researchers are planning a phase I clinical trial to look at using PARP inhibitors in colorectal cancer patients with two mutated copies of MRE11. Future trials are being considered using PARP inhibitors to prevent colorectal cancer and other cancers in people with Lynch syndrome whose tumors have this mutation.Microsatellite instability is also seen in prostate cancer and endometrial cancer, suggesting potential for PARP inhibitors to play a role in additional types of cancer as well, Vilar-Sanchez says, adding that more research is needed in these areas.