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BEIJING, July 25 (Xinhuanet) -- More than one in three births in the U.S. are  delivered by C-section, which is an all time high and an increase of 25 percent over seven years, according to news reports Monday quoting a new study.Based on data from 19 states, C-section, or Cesarean, deliveries shot up from 27 percent of all births in 2002 to 34 percent in 2009, said the study by HealthGrades.  HealthGrades is an independent health care ratings organization with information on physicians, dentists and 5,000 hospitals in the nation.The study noted that the states with the highest rates are Texas, New Jersey and Florida while Utah, Colorado and Wisconsin are the lowest.Experts hold C-section deliveries are most suitable when vaginal delivery puts the health of the woman or child at risk, but also attributing the reason of increase to convenience, less risk, fertility and general attitudes.However, Divya Cantor, MD, MBA and HealthGrades Senior Physician Consultant. cautioned, "C-sections are rising, and there needs to be a little bit more scrutiny from the person who is having the C-section as well as doctors and hospitals."

WASHINGTON, July 13 (Xinhua) -- Human neural stem cells are capable of helping people regain learning and memory abilities lost due to radiation treatment for brain tumors, a University of California, Irvine (UCI) study suggests.Research with rats found that stem cells transplanted two days after cranial irradiation restored cognitive function, as measured in one- and four-month assessments. In contrast, irradiated rats not treated with stem cells showed no cognitive improvement."Our findings provide solid evidence that such cells can be used to reverse radiation-induced damage of healthy tissue in the brain," said Charles Limoli, a UCI radiation oncology professor.Study results will appear Friday in Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.Radiotherapy for brain tumors is limited by how well the surrounding tissue tolerates it. Patients receiving radiation at effective levels suffer varying degrees of learning and memory loss that can adversely affect their quality of life."In almost every instance, people experience severe cognitive impairment that's progressive and debilitating," Limoli said. " Pediatric cancer patients can experience a drop of up to three IQ points per year."For the UCI study, multipotent human neural stem cells were transplanted into the brains of rats that had undergone radiation treatment. They migrated throughout the hippocampus -- a region known for the growth of new neurons -- and developed into brain cells.Researchers assessed the rats one month and four months after transplantation, noting enhanced learning and memory abilities at both intervals.Additionally, they found that transplanting as few as 100,000 human neural stem cells was sufficient to improve cognition after cranial irradiation. Of cells surviving the process, about 15 percent turned into new neurons, while another 45 percent became astrocytes and oligodendrocytes -- cells that support cerebral neurons.Most notably, Limoli said, he and his colleagues discovered that about 11 percent of the engrafted cells expressed a behaviorally induced marker of learning, indicating the functional integration of those cells into memory circuits in the hippocampus."This research suggests that stem cell therapies may one day be implemented in the clinic to provide relief to patients suffering from cognitive impairments incurred as a result of their cancer treatments," Limoli said.

WASHINGTON, Sept. 27 (Xinhua) -- At least 13 people had been killed amid 72 sickened in 18 states in listeria outbreak traced to Colorado cantaloupes, making it the most deadly U.S. outbreak of food-borne infection since 1998, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said Tuesday in a statement posted on its website.Of the 13 deaths, four were in New Mexico, two were in Colorado, two were in Texas, and there was one each in Kansas, Maryland, Missouri, Nebraska and Oklahoma.Victims range in age from 35 to 96 years, with an average age of 78. All of the illnesses started on or after July 31.The figures were the latest confirmed as of Monday morning, according to the CDC. But they may well rise in the still-widening outbreak as state and local officials are investigating three additional deaths that may be connected.In 1998, 21 people died from listeria linked to tainted hot dogs, according to a CDC online database.The Food and Drug Administration on Sept. 14 warned consumers not to eat cantaloupes from Colorado's Rocky Ford region shipped by Jensen Farms. The cantaloupes with the brand name Rocky Ford were distributed from July 29 to Sept. 10 in at least 17 states.Listeria is a common bacterium that typically causes mild illness in healthy people, but can cause severe illness in older people and those with compromised immune systems. It also can cause miscarriages and stillbirths in pregnant women and severe infections in new babies.Listeria infections lead to about 1,600 serious illnesses each year and about 260 people die, according to the CDC.The CDC estimates that about 48 million people in the U.S. each year get sick from tainted food, with about 128,000 hospitalized and 3,000 deaths.

SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 22 (Xinhua) -- Facebook on Thursday introduced a new feature called Open Graph, enabling users to access and share a wide range of media and lifestyle content on the social network site.According to Facebook's chief executive officer (CEO) Mark Zuckerberg, Open Graph lets users share what they are doing in Facebook-connected apps as they are doing it.These social apps focus on media apps including books, news, music, TV, movies and games, as well as lifestyle apps such as exercise, food, fashion and travel."The last five years of social networking have been about getting people signed up, and getting people connected with their lives. The next five years are going to be defined by the apps and depth of engagement," the young CEO said in a keynote speech at Facebook's f8 developer conference.Take music for example, Facebook integrates with European music streaming service Spotify. If one's Spotify account is connected to Facebook, a message will show up in the Ticker stating the song one is listening to and in the Timeline, a new design of one's profile page. The friends of the user can listen to the same song at the same time by hovering mouse over the song in Timeline or Ticker.Spotify founder and CEO Daniel Ek and movie streaming service Netflix CEO Reed Hastings also took stage as guest speakers to introduce their partnership with Facebook.Zuckerberg also introduced social news reading applications from major news organizations such as The Washington Post and Yahoo News, which allow users to access the content directly on Facebook.Earlier at the f8 conference, Timeline was unveiled as a new feature. It is a new profile design allowing users to scroll vertically through the big moments of one's life in a single page.Zuckerberg assured users that they have complete control over their Timeline, saying they can decide what content will appear and who can see it. The new feature will be available in a few weeks.Since Google launched its own social network "Google+" in June, Facebook has been in a combat mode, striving to roll out new products and features to beat the search giant. In his keynote speech on Thursday, Zuckerberg said half a billion people now use Facebook every day.Two days before the f8 conference, Google announced to open its social network to the public, noting it has introduced 100 new features in the three-month trial.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 2 (Xinhua) -- The weakness of aging is associated with leaky calcium channels inside muscle cells and a drug already in Phase II clinical trials for the treatment of heart failure might plug those leaks, according to a report published Tuesday in the online edition of Cell Metabolism.Earlier studies by the research team led by Andrew Marks of Columbia University showed the same leaks underlie the weakness and fatigue that come with heart failure and Duchenne muscular dystrophy."It's interesting, normal people essentially acquire a form of muscular dystrophy with age," Marks said. "The basis for muscle weakness is the same." Extreme exercise like that done by marathon runners also springs the same sort of leaks, he added, but in that case damaged muscles return to normal after a few days of rest. A microscopic view shows smooth muscle cells derived from human embryonic stem cells showing the nuclei (blue) and proteins of the cytoskeleton (green) in this handout photo released to Reuters by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, March 9, 2009The leaks occur in a calcium release channel called ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) that is required for muscles to contract. Under conditions of stress, those channels are chemically modified and lose a stabilizing subunit known as calstabin1.Calcium inside of muscle cells is usually kept contained. When it is allowed to leak out into the cell that calcium itself is toxic, turning on an enzyme that chews up muscle cells. Once the leak starts, it's a vicious cycle. The calcium leak raises levels of damaging reactive oxygen species, which oxidize RyR1 and worsen the leak.The researchers made their discovery by studying the skeletal muscles of young and old mice. They also showed that 6-month-old mice carrying a mutation that made their RyR1 channels leaky showed the same muscular defects and weakness characteristic of older mice.When older mice were treated with a drug known as S107, the calcium leak in their muscles slowed and the animals voluntarily showed about a 50 percent increase in the amount of time spent wheel running. Now in clinical trials for patients with heart failure, the drug is known to work by restoring the connection between costabilin and RyR1.Despite considerable effort to understand and reverse age- related muscle wasting, there are no established treatments available. The new work suggests there may be hope in approaching the problem from a different angle."Most research has focused on making more muscle mass," Marks said. "What's different here is that we are focused not on muscle mass but on muscle function. More muscle doesn't help if it is not functional."

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