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As the Thanksgiving holiday approaches, college campuses across the country will empty out. Tens of thousands of students will head home for the break, and public health experts fear mass travel and indoor gatherings could spark a super spreading of the coronavirus.Within days of returning to campus this fall, Brianna DeWall contracted the coronavirus.“We went out to party, and with all my friends, got it,” recounted the Oklahoma State University junior. “So, we're assuming someone at that party had it and didn't know.”According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the return to college campuses in August and September coincided with a 55 percent increase nationally of COVID-19 cases in young adults ages 18 to 22.Next week, DeWall is headed home for the holidays, but she plans to get tested before she travels.“I will be flying, so I feel like that's a precaution I should take,” said DeWall.While her school isn’t requiring mandatory exit testing, other schools are.Penn State is offering free, voluntary exit tests. The University of Michigan has made exit testing mandatory, and New York State’s university system is also mandating a negative test result for all of its 140,000 students before they leave campus.“Some people may get a test that's not going to decrease the risk to zero, but it is going to decrease the risk substantially,” said Dr. Amesh Adalja, a senior scholar with the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security.Dr. Adalja warns that without extra precautions like frequent testing, mask-wearing, social distancing, and self-quarantining ahead of the holiday, the risk of community spread is increased.“It is going to be a major challenge when you have your student body moved from campus back home and come back on campus because that's likely to introduce more levels of infection,” he said.Earlier this year, researchers at Ball State University tracked 7.5 million students at more than 1,300 universities and concluded that thousands of college students may have picked up COVID-19 while at densely-packed spring break destinations, only to return to infect others with the virus.Some schools like DeWall’s are not having students return to campus until January and have canceled spring break. But once again, testing is voluntary.“I think we should have to get tested before we come back,” said DeWall. “I think it's very careless that they aren't requiring us to get tested before we go home.”The CDC hasn’t issued any specific COVID-19 guidance on colleges and break, and while the American College Health Association encourages testing, it stops short of calling for it to be mandatory.“Colleges we know have been hot spots for infection, especially with off-campus activity,” said Dr. Adalja. “So, I do think this is going to be particularly challenging to accomplish.” 2839

As states prepare to assist in distributing potential coronavirus vaccines by November 1, Surgeon General Jerome Adams doubted a vaccine would be ready so soon.Speaking to ABC’s Good Morning America, Adams said a Nov. 1 vaccine was “possible, but not probable.”Last week, the federal government asked states to be prepared to begin assisting in distribution of COVID-19 vaccines to the public this fall.The memo signed by CDC head Robert Redfield told governors that the federal government has contracted with the McKesson Corporation to assist in distributing the vaccine to local and state health departments, medical facilities, doctor officers, and other vaccine providers.So why is the government getting states ready for a vaccine on November 1 even if it’s unlikely a vaccine will be approved by then?"It's not contradictory information," Adams told Good Morning America. "We've always said that we're hopeful for a vaccine by the end of this year or the beginning of next year.""We want to make sure states are available to distribute it," he added.While there is urgency for both public health and economic reasons for a vaccine, some experts have expressed concern over the speed of a vaccine and whether the expedited timeline is long enough to demonstrate efficacy. Dr. Anthony Fauci told NBC News on Wednesday that he believes a “safe and effective” vaccine could be ready by the end of the year."I believe that by the time we get to the end of this calendar year, that we will feel comfortable that we do have a safe and effective vaccine," he told NBC News.On Monday, a third vaccine candidate entered “Phase 3” trials in the US. AstraZeneca is testing its COVID-19 vaccine candidate for 30,000 participants. The AstraZeneca vaccine would come in two separate doses, according to the National Institutes of Health.Even though a vaccine could be ready by year’s end, trials will be expected to continue for over a year to monitor for possible side effects.According to the FDA, a typical Phase 3 trial would take one to three years.“NIH is committed to supporting several Phase 3 vaccine trials to increase the odds that one or more will be effective in preventing COVID-19 and put us on the road to recovery from this devastating pandemic,” said NIH Director Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D. “We also know that preventing this disease could require multiple vaccines and we’re investing in those that we believe have the greatest potential for success.”On Friday, President Donald Trump reiterated that a vaccine would be ready soon."We have tremendous, tremendous talent, some tremendous scientists, and they're right there, and I think you're going to hear some very good news,” Trump said. 2714

As tensions between law enforcement and the public rise, more cops are saying they need help mentally.For decades, mental health in law enforcement has been stigmatized, says Lieutenant Alexis Zellinger with the Atlantic City Police Department in New Jersey, and she says it has led to suicide being the leading cause of death among officers for the last few years.According to the group Blue H.E.L.P., which has tracked officer suicide since 2015, 2019 was the deadliest year for police in the United States as 228 took their own lives. The organization also reported 172 officer deaths due to suicide in 2018, 168 in 2017, and 143 in 2016.Lt. Zellinger says traumatic incidents on the job can occur several times in one day and are not always related to use of force situations.“I was on a call where we had to perform CPR on an infant,” said Lt. Zellinger. “Going through something like that as a police officer and a woman who has gone through a miscarriage not too far along from that moment; it is something that can be traumatizing."“The climate of the country right now, it’s not great for law enforcement,” added Deputy Chief Bridget Pierce with ACPD.In 2018, New Jersey Attorney General Gurbir Grewal instituted the Officer Resiliency Program as a way to help offer supports to law enforcement personnel who may need it. The program places at least one officer trained to understand and deal with mental health issues inside each department in the state. Grewal says the program traces back to an encounter he had in 2018 with Pablo Santiago, a deputy with the Mercer County Sheriff’s Department in the state.Only a few weeks after the two met and Santiago invited him to a homeless feeding, Grewal says Santiago shot and killed himself in the parking lot outside of his office on the day after Christmas.“He was the picture of community service,” said Grewal. “[He was] vibrant. You never knew anything was affecting him. There is an argument to be made that it’s a line of duty death because it is the trauma and stress of the job.”In Atlantic City, Deputy Chief Pierce and Lt. Zellinger volunteered to become the department’s first two resiliency officers. They started counseling officers within the department only two weeks ago.“In my career [at ACPD]- I’ve been here 24 years- there have been 6 officers who have committed suicide,” said Pierce. “When one of your own takes his own life, you feel partially responsible that you should have seen it coming. One of the officers that we lost years ago was one of my very good friends, who I worked side by side with, rode in the car with, and for a long time that haunted me.”Since the death of George Floyd, Attorney General Grewal says calls to resiliency officers and state hotlines have increased by thousands.“It’s tough. It’s only getting tougher,” said Deputy Chief Pierce.Blue H.E.L.P. says 125 officers have taken their own lives in 2020. 2919

As the coronavirus pandemic surges across the nation and infections and hospitalizations rise, medical administrators are scrambling to find enough nursing help — especially in rural areas and at small hospitals.Nurses are being trained to provide care in fields where they have limited experience. Hospitals are scaling back services to ensure enough staff to handle critically ill patients. And health systems are turning to short-term travel nurses to help fill the gaps.Adding to the strain, experienced nurses are “burned out with this whole (pandemic)” and some are quitting, said Kevin Fitzpatrick, an emergency room nurse at Hurley Medical Center in Flint, Michigan, where several left just in the past month to work in hospice or home care or at outpatient clinics.“And replacing them is not easy,” Fitzpatrick said.As a result, he said, the ER is operating at about five nurses short of its optimal level at any given time, and each one typically cares for four patients as COVID-19 hospitalizations surge anew. Hospital officials did not respond to requests for comment.But the departures are not surprising, according to experts, considering not only the mental toll but the fact that many nurses trained in acute care are over 50 and at increased risk of complications if they contract COVID-19, while younger nurses often have children or other family to worry about.“Who can actually work and who feels safe working are limited by family obligations to protect their own health,” said Karen Donelan, professor of U.S. health policy at Brandeis University’s Heller School for Social Policy and Management. “All of those things have been factors.”Donelan said there is little data so far on how the pandemic, which has killed more than 231,000 people in the country, is affecting nursing overall. But some hospitals had a shortage even before the virus took hold, despite a national rise in the number of nurses over the past decade.With total confirmed coronavirus cases surpassing 9 million in the U.S. and new daily infections rising in 47 states, the need is only increasing.Wausau, Wisconsin-based Aspirus Health Care is offering ,000 signing bonuses for nurses with at least a year of experience and hiring contract nurses through private staffing companies to handle a surge in hospitalizations that prompted the system to almost quadruple the number of beds dedicated to COVID-19 patients.Aspirus, which operates five hospitals in Wisconsin and four in small communities in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, also is moving nurses around between departments and facilities as hot spots emerge, said Ruth Risley-Gray, senior vice president and chief nursing officer at Aspirus.Outside help still is needed, in part because some nurses have gotten sick from or were exposed to the cornavirus during the current wave, which “came with a vengeance” starting in August, Risley-Gray said. At one point in mid-October, 215 staffers were in isolation after showing symptoms or being exposed to someone who tested positive, and some are just starting to return to work.Aspirus recently was able to hire 18 nurses from outside agencies, and may need more if the surge continues.Because the pandemic is surging just about everywhere in the country, hospitals nationwide are competing for the same pool of nurses, offering pay ranging from ,500 a week to more than ,000, said April Hansen, executive vice president at San Diego-based Aya Healthcare, which recruits and deploys travel nurses.She said demand for their services has more than doubled since early in the pandemic when the greatest need was in hot spots like New York and New Jersey and then moved to southern states. In recent weeks the virus has been spiking across the country, with the new hot spots in places like the rural upper Midwest and southern-border communities such as El Paso, Texas.Now placing nurses where they’re needed is “like a giant game of whack-a-mole,” said Hansen, whose company has about 20,000 openings for contract nurses.In North Dakota, where infection rates are exploding, hospitals may cut back on elective surgeries and seek government aid to hire more nurses if things get worse, North Dakota Hospital Association president Tim Blasl said.In Texas, Gov. Greg Abbott recently announced he was sending 75 nurses and respiratory therapists to El Paso to help handle the city’s surge. Wisconsin Gov. Tony Evers, meanwhile, issued emergency orders making it easier for nurses from elsewhere to practice in his state and for retired nurses to come back.“This has been a challenge, and we’ve been pleading with the community members to protect themselves and others,” by wearing masks and social distancing, said Aspirus’ Risley-Gray, who said the positivity rate among community members tested by Aspirus rose from under 10% in September to 24% last week.To combat the emotional toll and fatigue that comes with caring for COVID-19 patients, including just donning and removing protective equipment all day, Aspirus has been giving nurses microbreaks and quiet places to get away and collect themselves when they feel overwhelmed.Travel nurses say the need at small hospitals tends to be greater than at larger facilities.Robert Gardner, who’s currently assigned to a hospital in a small town about 20 miles west of Atlanta, said he did search and rescue in the Coast Guard during Hurricane Katrina and the pandemic is “a lot worse.”He worked at a large New Jersey hospital when that state was swamped by the virus in the spring, and now worries that flu season could bring further chaos to hospitals. But he’s determined to stick it out, no matter what.“It’s not even a question,” Gardner said. “Nursing is a calling.” 5727

AURORA, Colo. -- Inside the HealthONE Behavioral Health and Wellness Center in Aurora, Colorado, doctors and other staff members are dealing with a surge of patients.“With the impact of COVID, we have seen an increase in patients,” said HealthONE occupational therapist Emma Kowal.And one staff member, in particular, is bringing a level of care most others cannot.“A.J.’s definitely my favorite co-worker,” said technician Colin Smith.“He knows when we put the vest on – it’s time to go to work,” Kowal said.Three-year-old A.J. is a Labrador and golden retriever mix who came on board at HealthONE just in the nick of time, you could say - one month before COVID-19 shut down much of the country.“A.J. comes in and he’s instantly disarming,” Smith said.“This unbounding sense of love that he can provide to people,” Kowal said.A.J. is working with Kowal, visiting as many as 100 patients a week.“Whether that’s petting him, just touching him, brushing him,” she said. “Earlier someone bent down and kissed him on the head.”HealthONE and other mental health inpatient facilities like it are seeing a critical care need. The CDC’s latest numbers show 40% of U.S. adults reporting some kind of mental health issue – depression, anxiety and substance use among them – because of various challenges and hardships related to the coronavirus.“Dogs are often really familiar and really comforting for people,” Kowal said.Just this week, A.J. is visiting a floor of adolescents who recently attempted suicide.“The kids love him so much,” Smith said. “The way their faces just kind of light up when he comes on the unit. I wish they did that for me.”And Smith says it goes way beyond that.“A.J. is also a dream colleague for staff,” Smith said. “Oh my gosh, so much. He definitely helps when the staff gets stressed out. It’s a very stressful job.”“I think in mental health, we have to be aware of our own mental health, too,” Kowal said. “I feel privileged that I can serve my community this way.”This story originally reported by Russell Haythorn on TheDenverChannel.com. 2073