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BEIJING, Aug. 16 (Xinhuanet) -- Almost one in four Chinese students aged between 12 and 14 have tried smoking, according to the results of a survey released by the Chinese Association on Tobacco Control (CATC).The survey, carried out among 38,839 students and 6,503 teachers from middle and high schools in 11 provinces across the country between May and June, showed that 22.5 percent of students aged between 12 and 14 had tried smoking and that 15.8 percent of middle and high school students smoke regularly."There are definitely quite a number of boy students in my class who smoke regularly as some have been found smoking outside campus during lunch break," said Li Xiaolan, an English teacher from a high school in Shanghai. The survey also found that 39 percent of students took their first cigarette from their classmates."It was quite common to smoke with my classmates at school and we usually smoked in toilets or in corners of the playground after lunch," said Zhou Guangrong, a 22-year-old university student from Guiyang, Guizhou province, who started smoking when he was 12.The majority of student smokers buy cigarettes themselves and about 76 percent of the adolescent smokers said that there is at least one cigarette shop within 200 meters from their school."When I was a student at middle and high schools, they were surrounded by cigarette shops," said Zhou who used to smoke two cigarettes per day in primary school and two packs per week in middle and high school."We're keen to show that more adolescents are starting smoking much younger than before, and that we need to minimize the number of young smokers," said Duan Jiali, secretary-general of the youth tobacco control commission under CATC. Duan added that teachers and parents should set a good example for teenagers by not smoking in front of them at school or at home, which is the most influential way of stopping adolescents from smoking.China banned smoking in 16 types of public indoor venues - including hospitals, schools, bars, restaurants and hotels - on May 1 in an attempt to curb tobacco use in the country with the world's largest number of smokers.Currently, there are more than 300 million smokers in China, and about 1.2 million people die from smoking-related diseases every year, accounting for one-fifth of the world's total, according to statistics from the World Health Organization."Meanwhile, about 540 million people are exposed to secondhand smoke, 48.9 percent of which are adolescents (from 15 to 19 years old)," said Xu Guihua, deputy director of the CATC."It's essential and urgent for us to control the number of adult smokers who potentially tempt adolescents to smoke."

SYDNEY, Aug. 25 (Xinhua) -- Scientists in Australia have discovered a way of stopping mosquitoes carrying dengue virus, raising hopes for preventing the 50 million human cases of the disease every year, local media reported on Thursday.Groundbreaking experiments in Queensland have found a common insect bacteria, wMel Wolbachia, which can dramatically reduce the presence of dengue fever in mosquitoes.The research, led by Professor Scott O'Neill, Dean at Melbourne's Monash University, was published on Thursday in the prestigious journal, Nature.Australian researchers working on the Eliminate Dengue program aim to protect the mosquitoes themselves from dengue and so stop them transmitting the virus to humans."What the experiments have shown is that this strain of Wolbachia when it is put into mosquitoes really reduces the ability of the (dengue) virus to grow in the mosquito and if it can't grow, then it can't get transmitted in people," O'Neill told reporters.O'Neill said while it was too early to say if the experiments heralded the end of dengue fever, it was a major step towards that goal.In the past decade, there have been 2400 cases of dengue fever reported during 36 outbreaks in Australia.Dengue fever has become endemic in tropical regions, where it is spread by a specific type of mosquito that becomes infected after biting humans with the disease.Despite millions of people being infected with dengue each year, there is currently no way of stopping its rapid spread either by vaccines or controlling mosquito populations.Further trials will be conducted in Cairns in north Queensland over the coming wet season and approval is currently being sought for trials in Thailand, Vietnam, Brazil and Indonesia that will directly determine the effectiveness of the method in reducing dengue disease in human populations, according to Monash University.

SYDNEY, July 1 (Xinhua) -- Breastfeeding mothers should limit their use of codeine-containing painkillers to four days as they can cause harm, an Australian doctor warned on Friday.The warning is being discussed at a meeting of anesthetists in Sydney."New mothers should limit their use of codeine-containing painkillers to no more than four days and, if they feel drowsy while taking this medication, cease its use and have their baby examined by a doctor for signs of drowsiness," Sydney's Royal North Shore Hospital anesthetist Dr. Gavin Pattullo said."This is because codeine needs to be metabolized by the liver into morphine to offer pain relief and this liver conversion process is very unpredictable," Pattullo said."Some patients' livers produce large amounts of morphine after taking codeine, causing drowsiness, while others fail to produce any morphine at all."Pattullo said for breastfeeding mothers, a large dose of morphine could make its way into the baby and result in the baby's death by overdose."While new mums shouldn't be unnecessarily alarmed, they need to be aware that codeine-containing painkillers in certain circumstances can cause harm," he said.Breastfeeding mothers are being advised to see a doctor if their baby gets sleepy while taking the painkillers.

MOSCOW, Aug. 3 (Xinhua) -- Two Russian cosmonauts manually launched a mini satellite from the International Space Station ( ISS) during a six-hour spacewalk Wednesday, said the Mission Control center near Moscow.Sergei Volkov and Alexander Samokutyayev, who started the spacewalk with a 20-minute delay, found the 30-kg Kedr has lost one of its two antennas during its delivery to the ISS in January. After consulting with the Mission Control, they have decided to launch the device anyway, Interfax news agency reported.The Kedr satellite, which was made by Russian students, was created to transmit from the orbit greetings in 15 languages about the 50th anniversary of Yuri Gagarin's first space flight. It could also photograph the Earth and re-transmit information from the ISS equipment.During the spacewalk, the cosmonauts were expected to install new stream video equipment on the station's outer surface, and to take pictures holding photos of the founders of Russian space explorations, including Konstantin Tsiolkovski, Sergei Korolyov and Yuri Gagarin.

WASHINGTON, July 15 (Xinhua) -- Researchers at Mount Sinai School of Medicine have found that grape seed polyphenols -- a natural antioxidant -- may help prevent the development or delay the progression of Alzheimer's disease.The research, led by Giulio Pasinetti, was published online Friday in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, which causes brain changes that gradually get worse.This is the first study to evaluate the ability of grape- derived polyphenols to prevent the generation of a specific form of amyloid (A) peptide, a substance in the brain long known to cause the neurotoxicity associated with Alzheimer's disease.In partnership with a team at the University of Minnesota, Pasinetti and collaborators administered grape seed polyphenolic extracts to mice genetically determined to develop memory deficits and A neurotoxins similar to those found in Alzheimer's disease. They found that the brain content of the A*56, a specific form of A previously implicated in the promotion of Alzheimer's disease memory loss, was substantially reduced after treatment.Previous studies suggest that increased consumption of grape- derived polyphenols, whose content, for example, is very high in red wine, may protect against cognitive decline in Alzheimer's. This new finding corroborates those theories."Since naturally occurring polyphenols are also generally commercially available as nutritional supplements and have negligible adverse events even after prolonged periods of treatment, this new finding holds significant promise as a preventive method or treatment, and is being tested in translational studies in Alzheimer's disease patients," said Pasinetti.In Alzheimer's disease, brain cells degenerate and die, causing a steady decline in memory and mental function.

来源：资阳报