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NEW YORK (AP) — People are more likely to return a lost wallet if it contains money — and the more cash, the better.That's the surprising conclusion from researchers who planted more than 17,000 "lost wallets" across 355 cities in 40 countries, and kept track of how often somebody contacted the supposed owners.The presence of money — the equivalent of about in local currency — boosted this response rate to about 51%, versus 40% for wallets with no cash. That trend showed up in virtually every nation, although the actual numbers varied.Researchers raised the stakes in the U.S., the United Kingdom and Poland. The response jumped to 72% for wallets containing the equivalent of about , versus 61% for those containing . If no money was enclosed, the rate was 46%.How can this be?"The evidence suggests that people tend to care about the welfare of others, and they have an aversion to seeing themselves as a thief," said Alain Cohn of the University of Michigan, one author who reported the results Thursday in the journal Science.Another author, Christian Zuend of the University of Zurich, said "it suddenly feels like stealing" when there's money in the wallet. "And it feels even more like stealing when the money in the wallet increases," he added. That idea was supported by the results of polls the researchers did in the U.S., the U.K. and Poland, he told reporters.The wallets in the study were actually transparent business card cases, chosen so that people could see money inside without opening them. A team of 13 research assistants posed as people who had just found the cases and turned them in at banks, theaters, museums or other cultural establishments, post offices, hotels and police stations or other public offices. The key question was whether the employee receiving each case would contact its supposed owner, whose name and email address were displayed on three identical business cards within.The business cards were crafted to make the supposed owner appear to be a local person, as was a grocery list that was also enclosed. Some cases also contained a key, and they were more likely to get a response than cases without a key. That led the researchers to conclude that concern for others was playing a role, since — unlike money — a key is valuable to its owner but not a stranger.The effect of enclosed money appeared in 38 of the 40 countries, with Mexico and Peru the exceptions. Nations varied widely in how often the wallet's "owner" was contacted. In Switzerland the rate was 74% for wallets without money and 79% with it, while in China the rates were 7% and 22%. The U.S. figures were 39% and 57%.The study measured how employees act when presented with a wallet at their workplaces. But would those same people act differently if they found a wallet on a sidewalk?"We don't know," said Michel Marechal, an author from the University of Zurich. But he said other analyses suggest the new results reflect people's overall degree of honesty.Shaul Shalvi of the University of Amsterdam, who wrote a commentary that accompanied the study, told The Associated Press that he suspected the study does shed light on how people would act with a wallet found on the street.He said the results "support the idea that people care about others as well as caring about being honest."Robert Feldman, psychology professor at the University of Massachusetts Amherst who didn't participate in the work, said he suspected the experiment might have turned out differently if involved "everyday people" rather than employees acting in an official capacity.But Feldman called the study impressive and said it seems like "a very real result."Dan Ariely, a psychology professor at Duke University who didn't participate in the research, said the conclusions fit with research that indicates keeping a larger amount of money would be harder for a person to rationalize."It very much fits with the way social scientists think about dishonesty," he said. 3987

None of the countries that make up the G20 group of major world economies is on course to adequately reduce climate change, with 82% of the bloc's energy supply still coming from fossil fuels, a new report has warned.Of the countries, only India has set targets that would keep global temperature rise below 2 degrees Celsius, the upper limit recommended by the Paris Climate Agreement, if adopted globally.Overall, the world is heading for a 3.2-degree rise, the organization Climate Transparency said, in an analysis of the G20's current emissions-cutting targets for 2030 published Wednesday.Targets set by the worst offenders -- Russia, Saudi Arabia and Turkey -- would lead to a rise of more than 4 degrees if they were adopted worldwide, the report added.The G20 comprises representatives from Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, the European Union, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States.The landmark Paris Agreement, drafted in 2015, resulted in an aim to keep global warming below 1.5 degrees compared to pre-industrial levels, with 2 degrees set as an upper limit.But the report cautions that those targets are virtually impossible to reach at current rates. It follows similar warnings made last month by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which found that the earth will reach the crucial 1.5 degree threshold as early as 2030."The G20 economies actually need to cut their emissions by half by 2030 to keep warming below 1.5°C," said Jan Burck, senior adviser at equality NGO Germanwatch, one of the report's authors. Germanwatch is one of 14 partners that make up Climate Transparency."But instead of responding to the urgency of climate change, the G20 countries continue to pour money into factors that drive climate disruption, like fossil fuel subsidies, instead of taking stronger action," he added.G20 countries account for around 80% of the world's global greenhouse gas emissions, according to the World Resources Institute.  2104

NEWWARK, N.J. – OxyContin maker Purdue Pharma has pleaded guilty to three criminal charges and formally admitted its role in the opioid crisis.Tuesday's plea before a judge in Newark, New Jersey, is part of a larger settlement with the U.S. Department of Justice that also includes resolving civil claims.The Stamford, Connecticut-based company is to pay 5 million as part of the deal, while billion in forfeitures and penalties could be waived because of a proposed deal to resolve thousands of other lawsuits.Advocates are upset that the guilty plea applies only to the company and not executives or members of the Sackler family who own it.During Tuesday’s hearing, Purdue Pharma admitted to impeding the US. Drug Enforcement’s efforts to combat the addiction crisis and acknowledged it paid doctors to induce them to write more prescriptions for its painkillers.More than 750,000 people have died from drug overdoses since 1999, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).The CDC says two out of three overdose deaths in 2018 involved opioid, which are substances that work in the nervous system of the body or in specific receptors in the brain to reduce the intensity of pain.Since 1999, the CDC says overdose deaths involving opioid like prescription drugs and heroin have increased six times. 1337

NEW YORK CITY — Dozens filled the streets of a Brooklyn neighborhood overnight in protest of Gov. Andrew Cuomo's new restrictions in several areas of New York City where there has been an uptick in COVID-19 cases. 221

NOGALES, Ariz. -- Towns on the border of the United States and Mexico face a double-edged sword. International trade continues, with only small impacts from COVID-19. But these border towns are feeling a strain from the lack of visitors.“We thought 30 days, then we thought 60 days, then we thought 90 days,” Bruce Bracker said, reflecting on the past five months since a national emergency was declared over COVID-19.The town of Nogales, hugging the Mexico-Arizona border, historically sees plenty of visitors.“It was bustling to the point where if we needed to walk from one building to the other, you wouldn't walk on the sidewalk because it was too crowded,” Bracker explained. Bracker worked in the family business, a store near the border that opened in 1924. He said he worked there for about 30 years, before he said they had to close it.While the bustle has slowed over the decades, COVID-19 and non-essential travel bans halted foot traffic altogether.“Our customers are 95 percent from Mexico, so they closed the border. We can't do nothing,” business owner Frank Baek said. Baek had stopped by his store that day, even though the doors were closed to any possible customers.Very few stores on the main shopping stretch next to the border in Nogales were open.“Everybody is just kind of concerned and worried about how and when and if we’re going to move forward past this,” Tim Carter, a manager at Oasis Cinema, said.Most tourism-based communities share the same sentiment. But what makes border towns unique is that they’re also essential, thanks to international trade.“You saw a lot of people all over the country no longer go to work or work from home, in this community that didn't happen,” Jaime Chamberlain, president of Chamberlain Distributing, said. “Almost all of our citizens were deemed essential workers because you had to...the food supply chain is so important.” Chamberlain Distributing works with farmers in Mexico, importing their crops and distributing to wholesalers, retailers, and foodservice.“We market and distribute that product for them in North America,” said Chamberlain, whose business may have slowed down a bit, but it never stopped.“As the rest of the United States slowed down, Nogales kept on doing exactly what we were doing before COVID,” he said. “The efficient flow of trade is extremely important to this community.”Right now, his warehouse is pretty empty. Not because of demand, but because of the time in the season.“We've imported Mexican fruits and vegetables through here for over a century, so we feel a tremendous responsibility to our country...to have the available supply,” he said.That holds true for most border towns.“Major flows of products that are shipped or trucks and trains and cars, are still crossing and so that trade is down a little bit but not much,” said Robert Grosse, a professor of international business at Arizona State University.Grosse said we haven’t seen anything on this scale since the short downturn with the financial crisis in 2008.As trade continues, Bracker and other business owners wait for the news that the border can reopen to non-essential travel as well.“It’s going to be really interesting to see if there's a pent up demand or really what's going on,” Bracker said.“We’re 22,000 people here in Nogales, Arizona, but on a daily basis our city grows between 50,000 and 55,000 people,” Chamberlain said.And it's the people that help fuel their economy. “The majority of our sales tax comes from Mexican shoppers coming over to shop on the American side,” Chamberlain said. “All of our budget is based on sales tax, the majority of it.” 3645

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