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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The back-to-back announcements of promising clinical trial results from Pfizer and Moderna may usher in a new era for vaccine technology.Both companies have candidates that rely on a new kind of vaccine strategy: RNA. Preliminary data show both candidates are more than 90 percent effective.On the surface, the vaccine candidates look like any other you’ve taken. They work by training your body to build up defensive weapons against a virus, like antibodies and T-cells.But instead of training your body by introducing a killed virus or a fragment of a virus, the vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer introduce a set of instructions called messenger RNA enclosed in a little blob of fat.“The key concept of RNA is that they’re messages, and they’re meant as short-term messages,” said Dr. Shane Crotty of the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.Crotty said there are 5,000 to 10,000 messages within a cell at any given time.Once administered, the mRNA in the vaccine instructs some of your cells to make the coronavirus’ signature spike protein. The spike protein on the surface of the coronavirus allows it to infiltrate and hijack cells.Even though the spike protein is just one of about 25 genes the virus has, preliminary results from the clinical trials suggest it is enough material to train the immune system without making the recipient sick.Crotty likened the process of training the immune system to spotting a sedan. If the coronavirus is a car, the spike protein might be the door.“There's no way that car door could turn into a whole car, but it's enough of a piece of a car for your immune system to recognize that car if it saw it again,” he said.Scientists started by sequencing the virus’ DNA from a sick patient, then encoding that genetic sequence into an mRNA instruction molecule that can be read by the manufacturing part of cells.From there, Dr. Crotty said it’s a bit like the messenger app Snapchat.The mRNA gets injected into the body, sending temporary instructions to your cells that last for a while, then disappear. mRNA does not genetically modify cells, he stressed.“They’re around as messages for some period of time and then they go away, and the cells get back to their normal job of reading their own messages instead of reading the messages you’re injecting in the vaccine,” he said.The concept has been around since the 1990s, but there are currently no RNA vaccines on the market for any pathogen, so Dr. Crotty said it’s hard to estimate how long their protective effects will last.Some vaccines offer a lifetime of protection, like the measles vaccine. Others offer decades of protection. The flu vaccine only lasts about six months.Dr. Crotty said the length of protection depends on how fast the virus mutates and how long the immune cells survive in the body.But even if the COVID-19 vaccine turns out to need an annual update, he’s optimistic. The best feature of RNA vaccines is that they can be quickly reprogrammed.Both Moderna and Pfizer are still in their Phase 3 trials, but they expect to finish them by December. Together, they estimate they’ll have enough doses for about 35 million people by the end of this year, primarily for healthcare workers and high-risk individuals. 3250

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- The mother of a San Diego middle school student is begging for more answers from school administrators after she says other students threatened to shoot and stab her son. “I’m not willing to play Russian roulette with my kid’s life,” states Vanessa Flores. In a 10News exclusive, we interviewed her and her thirteen year-old son, Daniel, at their home on Tuesday. She says she pulled Daniel out of downtown’s KIPP Adelante charter middle school on Tuesday morning. It was two weeks ago when Daniel says he got in a fight with a couple of students. He says over their lunch break they were saying, “What are we going to do with Daniel? Are we going to jump him? Let’s jump him. Let’s bring the gun.” Daniel tells us he them heard one of them add, “The gun’s too much. Let’s bring the knife.” Vanessa showed us text messages that she says she exchanged with the school’s principal the night of the incident. She says she later met with administrators. “I just wanted the authorities to be contacted and made aware of the situation,” she adds. For days, she says her family could not get clear answers about any action the school was taking.  With tears in his eyes, Daniel described for us the anxiety he felt in the school hallways in the days following the alleged threats. “I’d think, what’s the next move? What are they going to do to me when I pass by the hallway? What do they have or what are they hiding?” “I’ve told [the school] that I’m in fear with the climate right now with all these shootings. Everybody’s talking about red flags. I’m giving [the school] the red flags on a silver platter. Please help me,” says Vanessa. On Tuesday, she says she picked Daniel up the from school after getting confirmation from school administrators that KIPP Adelante would not get the San Diego Police Department involved. She tells us she no longer felt safe keeping him on that campus. After picking him up from school, she says she took him to the San Diego Police Department to try to file a report. San Diego Police confirm with 10News that there was a misunderstanding that she was referring to a charter school and not a regular San Diego Unified School District (SDUSD) public school. She says SDPD sent her to SDUSD school police, which don’t handle investigations related to local charter schools. The SDUSD school police apparently sent her back to SDPD. SDPD confirms its officers took a report on Tuesday afternoon and now the juvenile service team is investigating the reported threats. On Tuesday afternoon, KIPP Adelante charter school principal Monique McKeown sent us the following statement. “Two weeks ago, we had an 8th grade student report that two of his classmates threatened to harm him with a weapon. We fully investigated the matter and found no credible evidence that the students in question threatened to use a weapon against their classmate. San Diego Unified Police Services confirmed that we handled the investigation appropriately. At KIPP we respond swiftly to all potential threats to student safety.” The referenced "San Diego Unified Police Services" is also known as SDUSD school police. A spokesperson for KIPP Adelante later clarified that SDUSD school police did not conduct its own investigation. Rather, it apparently reviewed and approved the school’s own investigation. The spokesperson for KIPP Adelante also reported that the teens who made the apparent threats are still students at the school. 3559

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- The Grossmont Union High School District is investigating an Instagram page reportedly used to rate female students. According to a spokesperson for the district, officials were recently alerted about the page’s existence, which reportedly rates the studnts based on certain features. Based on information shared with 10News, the posts rate young girls on looks and personality, among other categories. A parent within the district also posted in a Rancho San Diego neighborhood watch group on Facebook about the page. The parent said her daughter, who attends a different high school in the district, was told about the page via mutual friends. Read the district’s full statement below: 716

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- The Del Mar Fairgrounds get transformed into a small, mobile city during the traveling performance of Cirque du Soleil as the focus shifts to feeding hundreds of artists, technicians and staff. Each Cirque du Soleil audience is transported to another world watching art unfold on the stage, but behind the scenes is another form of art. “Culinary is one of those few fields left in the world where you can be artistic, can be a form of expression every day.” Chef Scott Veneklase is one of Volta’s four chefs, creating eclectic menus featuring food from all corners of the world. “We try to do a bit of everything, German food, Japanese food, today Italian.” Because the performers come from 25 different countries, their meal is often the closest connection they’ll have to their home. Each day is a brand new menu. “Even if it’s just a little flavor from home for them it makes all the difference in the world.” “It’s so important to feed artists and to provide something they’ll like, that way they won’t feel so far from home.” Chef Veneklase and his team are responsible for feeding over 126 athletes and artists. each with unique dietary needs. “The artists are always going to be very, very clean, say we’re designing a menu have to be incredibly conscious about it.” “It’s basically opening and closing a restaurant every month, so it’s a huge challenge of creativity.” The kitchen staff is always first to arrive on sight and the last to leave.Then they do it all over again in 10 days in a new city. “We’re a close group. We all ran away and joined the circus.” It’s a fast paced lifestyle they live for. “We get to explore, we get to travel the world.” Creating new art in every stop. 1727

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - The Language Academy teacher Georgette Carillo is the SDCCU Classroom Hero for the month of October.SDCCU is proudly honoring local teachers through SDCCU Classroom Heroes, launched in partnership with iHeartMedia, Inc. San Diego.Teachers, students, parents and the community are encouraged to nominate a deserving teacher by visiting sdccu.com/classroomheroes . 389

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