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WASHINGTON, Nov. 10 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has sent warning letters to more than 1,200 retailers, the majority of which respond to violations relating to selling tobacco to minors, as part of its ongoing effort to reduce tobacco use among children, the agency announced Thursday in a statement.The FDA said that while most retail establishments have been found to be in compliance with the law, some retailers are still selling cigarettes and smokeless tobacco to minors. Warning letters may be followed by civil money penalties if retailers continue to violate the law."It should worry every parent that 20 percent of U.S. high school students smoke cigarettes," said FDA Commissioner Margaret Hamburg in a statement. "President Obama and the FDA are committed to preventing children from smoking. For many young people, that first cigarette or use of smokeless tobacco will lead to a lifetime of addiction, and for many, serious disease. More than 80 percent of adult smokers begin smoking before 18 years of age. Retailers are vital partners in the FDA's efforts to prevent tobacco use among kids."Obama signed the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act that gives the FDA authority to regulate tobacco products to prevent use by minors and reduce the impact on public health. One of the law's provisions permits the FDA to contract with states and territories to conduct compliance check inspections of tobacco retailers. In 2011, the FDA awarded compliance contracts totaling more than 24 million U.S. dollars to 38 states.The FDA also began inspecting U.S. tobacco product manufacturers in October 2011. This is the first time tobacco product manufacturing facilities have ever been inspected by a federal public health agency.

BEIJING, Nov. 24 (Xinhua) -- China's Supreme People's Court vowed to harshly crack down on bribery, abuse of power and malpractice in food safety cases as such illegalities have become top concerns for Chinese people.Chinese courts at all levels had heard 173 cases and sentenced 255 people in relation to the production and sale of unsafe food in the first ten months of this year, Sun Jungong, spokesman of the Supreme People's Court (SPC), said Thursday."China has seen a growing number of food safety cases in recent years with increasing difficulties for investigation," Sun said.According to the SPC, Chinese courts handled 84 food safety cases in 2008, and 148 and 119 cases in 2009 and 2010, respectively. The number of food safety violators sentenced in the past three years totaled 101, 208 and 162, respectively.The SPC also promulgated four typical food safety illegalities exposed in recent years.In the latest food safety scandal, four people in central China's Henan province were prosecuted for the crime of "endangering public security by using dangerous means" in July after they were found to have produced and sold clenbuterol, a poisonous feed additive that pig farms use to boost the output of lean meat.The spokesman said the SPC will strengthen cooperation with police and procuratorial organs to improve the efficiency of dealing with, and preventing food safety crimes.

TAIPEI, Dec. 10 (Xinhua) -- A televised debate among three candidates for Taiwan's next deputy leader was staged Saturday, highlighting cross-Strait political and economic issues, for next month's Taiwan leader election.The three candidates touched upon topics such as stances on the reunification of Taiwan and the Chinese mainland and the "Taiwan independence," last year's signing of the cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA), among other cross-Strait issues, during the second face-to-face debate before the Jan. 14, 2012 election.Wu Den-yih, who is incumbent Taiwanese leader Ma Ying-jeou's running mate and currently chief of Taiwan's executive authority, said the signing of the ECFA aims to "help people do business and enhance Taiwan's competitiveness." Ma is seeking a second term.The ECFA did not speed up Taiwan's inclination toward the mainland market, but ensured the island's utmost interests instead, Wu said, adding that if Ma, who is also chairman of Taiwan's ruling Kuomintang (KMT) party, did not win during the upcoming election, cross-Strait peace and stability would not be maintained.However, Wu's main rival Su Jia-chyuan, the running mate of Tsai Ing-wen who campaigned for Taiwan's next leader representing major opposition Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), claimed that Taiwan is a "sovereign state" and its fate would be decided by Taiwanese themselves, no matter it would become independent or unified with the mainland, or maintain the status quo.Taiwan's future would be guaranteed only if the so-called "Taiwan consensus," put forward by Tsai, was realized, Su said during the debate.Another debater, Lin Ruey-shiung, 72, the running mate of People First Party (PFP) candidate James Soong, called for the signing of a cross-Strait peace accord, and said that the Chinese nation was fundamentally one family, with reunification benefiting both and secession hurting both.Lin said, as a member of the Chinese nation, Taiwan must be reunified with the mainland in the future, without wars, and it is the aspiration of all Taiwanese that people of both sides could freely visit each other.The three candidates also debated on anti-corruption, financial deficit and social equity.Saturday's debate among the candidates for deputy leader was the second of a three-part series. A debate of the Taiwan leader hopefuls was staged last Saturday, and they will spar again on Dec. 17.

JIUQUAN/BEIJING, Nov. 1 (Xinhua) -- Commander-in-chief of China's manned space program Chang Wanquan announced early Tuesday that the launch of Shenzhou-8 unmanned spacecraft was successful.The spacecraft was sent into the designated orbit after the blastoff at 5:58 a.m. from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwest Gobi desert, carried by an upgraded Long March-2F rocket.It is heading for rendezvous with Tiangong-1, or "the Heavenly Palace" that was put into space on Sept. 29 for the country's first space docking.The move, if successful, will pave the way for China to operate a permanent space station around 2020 and make the nation the world's third to do so.The combined photo taken on Nov. 1, 2011 shows the blast-off of a modified model of the Long March CZ-2F rocket carrying the unmanned spacecraft Shenzhou-8 at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwest China's Gansu Province. Commander-in-chief of China's manned space program Chang Wanquan announced that the launch of the spacecraft was successful.Chinese Vice Premier Zhang Dejiang viewed the launch at the Jiuquan center. The launch was also observed on site by senior officials from the European Space Agency and the German Aerospace Center.The docking is scheduled to occur within two days after the launch of Shenzhou-8 and at a height of 343 km above the Earth's surface. It will return to the Earth after two docking tryouts.Chinese and German scientists will conduct 17 life science space experiments on the Chinese spacecraft Shenzhou-8, Wu Ping, spokeswoman for China's manned space program, said Monday.To ensure the success of the mission, Chinese space engineers have made "considerable modifications" on Shenzhou-8 to previous versions of the spacecraft.Shenzhou-8, with a length of nine meters and a maximum diameter of 2.8 meters, has a liftoff weight of 8.082 tonnes."More than half of the 600 or so sets of equipment have been modified, while newly designed devices account for about 15 percent of the total," Wu said.The modifications were mainly aimed at arming the spacecraft with automatic and manual rendezvous and docking capacities, and enhancing the vehicle's performance, safety and reliability, Wu said."After the improvements, the spacecraft will be able to connect with the target spacecraft Tiangong-1 for 180 days," Wu said.The unmanned spacecraft is also equipped with devices for recording real images and mechanical parameters during its flight, to test the space docking before a manned attempt.Once China has mastered the technologies of rendezvous and docking, it will be equipped with the basic technologies and capacity required for building a space station, said Zhou Jianping, chief designer of China's manned space program.Tuesday's mission will be followed by launches of spaceships Shenzhou-9 and -10 in 2012, which are also expected to dock with Tiangong-1. "At least one mission of the two will be manned," Wu said.The crew members, including probably two female astronauts, have already been selected for the possible manual space docking mission in 2012 and are being trained for manual docking skills.The space docking tests and experiments will provide crucial experience of China's construction of a 60-tonne permanent manned space station around 2020 when Chinese astronauts are expected to operate more research projects in space."It will make it possible for China to carry out space exploration of a larger scale," Zhou said.

SANTO DOMINGO, Jan. 11 (Xinhua) -- The Dominican Republic and Haiti Wednesday launched a joint plan aimed at eliminating cholera, which has claimed more than 7,000 lives in both countries since October 2010.The efforts were backed by the World Health Organization (WHO), the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), and the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), Dominican officials said.The plan, "Call to action: the Hispaniola without cholera", aims to improve sanitary and living conditions of the Haiti people who face herculean reconstruction work following a devastating earthquake in the country on Jan. 12, 2010, that killed 220,000 people and displaced over 1 million.Cases of cholera, an infection that causes severe diarrhea that can lead to dehydration and death, first appeared in Haiti in October, 2010.The epidemic has so far killed more than 7,000 people and left nearly 500,000 more sick in Haiti.It also killed 135 people in the Dominican Republic as of September 2011, according to Dominican health authorities.Some 500 million U.S. dollars will be invested in projects related to sanitization and the construction of infrastructure that has to do with waterworks in both nations in the long term.

来源：资阳报