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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Two new studies published this week suggest people with blood type O have a lower likelihood of catching COVID-19 and developing severe illness than people with other blood types.Blood type is a characteristic we inherit from our parents and there are four major blood groups: A, B, AB and O.Danish researchers looked at nearly 500,000 people who tested positive for COVID-19 and found that people with type O were underrepresented.In a study published in the journal Blood Advances, the researchers found 38.4 percent of those infected had type O when that type actually makes up 41.7 percent of the population in that area.The researchers say the findings suggest people with type O are less likely to get infected in the first place.On the other hand, the team found that people with type A blood were overrepresented: 44.4 percent of those infected had type A compared to an expected value of 42.4 percent. The researchers suggest people with type A might be more at risk.Another study, also published in Blood Advances, looked at 95 critically ill patients in Canada. They found people with type O or type B blood tended to have a shorter stay in the intensive care unit, an average of nine days for those blood types compared to 13.5 days for people with type A or AB.They also reported that people with type O or type B were less likely to need a ventilator, with 61 percent of cases requiring mechanical ventilation compared to 84 percent for people with blood type A or AB.“Yes, there may be some of these associations. I don't think it's fully understood at this point,” said Dr. Christian Ramers of Family Health Centers of San Diego, who was not involved in the studies.The science on COVID-19 risk and blood type is mixed. These two new studies align closely with a previous study in China and another in Europe, but a third study in the U.S. found no significant link between severe COVID cases and blood type.At this point, doctors aren’t sure why blood type might affect outcomes with the disease, but there are several theories.“The immune system is an incredibly mysterious and complicated thing that we don't fully understand,” Ramers said. “Blood type sort of plays into that because people with different blood types actually have slightly different immune systems and immune responses.”Your blood type impacts the kind of antibodies you produce. That is why it is so important in blood transfusions to get the right blood type; blood from the wrong donor can trigger antibodies that attack those red blood cells.People with blood type O have two sets of antibodies, known as anti-A antibody and anti-B antibody. People with type A or B only have one or the other.Researchers in the Canadian study hypothesized that the anti-A antibody in particular may help control the coronavirus. People with blood type O and blood type B produce this kind of antibody. Individuals with type A or type AB do not.People with blood type O also have characteristics that make them less prone to issues with blood clotting, a major issue in severe cases of COVID-19.Experts say that if type O blood is protective against the virus, it’s not by a large amount.And this protective benefit doesn’t extend to all pathogens. Past studies have shown people with type O are more at risk from a type of bacteria that can cause ulcers and cholera. 3369

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — With California setting single-day records this week for COVID-19 cases, experts say it’s important to keep in mind that some activities carry a higher risk of transmission than others.To gauge risk, it’s helpful to think of it like an equation, said Dr. Tyler Smith, a professor and epidemiologist at National University.First, consider the environmental factors like whether the activity will be indoors or outdoors and the number of people likely to be present.Then consider the likelihood of successful safety measures: whether people will wear masks, clean surfaces, and maintain six feet of distancing.Compare those two datapoints, and you can assess the overall risk of an activity, Smith said.A good example of the importance of this equation is the dentist’s office, our experts said.On one hand, the environmental risk factors are high. Working in someone’s mouth with drills can aerosolize particles that carry the virus.But dentists are likely to strictly observe public health countermeasures like personal protective equipment and sanitization, to balance out the risk equation.“Our doctors offices and dental offices are really some of the safest places right now,” said Dr. Georgine Nanos, a family physician who specializes in epidemiology.Dr. Smith agreed: dental offices are low risk.The likelihood that participants will wear masks is a critical part of the safety equation, according to Dr. Nanos.“What [the medical community] didn’t know four months ago is that wearing a mask can reduce the risk of transmission and catching COVID-19 by sometimes up to 60 percent if both people are wearing masks,” she said.Gyms are an environment where some may try to avoid wearing a face covering during a challenging workout.“If you can be 6 feet apart from your neighbor, that would be ideal. I wouldn’t recommend a hot yoga class where people are crowded together and not a lot of ventilation,” Dr. Nanos said.If you can maintain distance and bring your own sanitizer, ideally in a room with high ceilings and good ventilation, Dr. Nanos grades gyms medium risk.In the high-risk category, experts agree bars pose a particular challenge. Not only is there a chance you could encounter a large crowd indoors, alcohol could discourage social distancing efforts.Also high risk: casinos. In addition to alcohol, casinos have an environment with a lot of touchpoints like slot machines and chips. Many also allow indoor smoking, which could complicate health matters, Dr. Nanos pointed out.But the highest risk activity, according to both experts, is protests and rallies.“That many people together, not distancing, rarely wearing masks and yelling,” Dr. Smith said, That to me is terrifying as a public health professional.”They put large protests and rallies at the top because unlike other environments, there is no one in charge with a financial stake in maintaining public health countermeasures.Dr. Smith said any of these activities have the potential to be operated safely.“It just has to do with people realizing they have to adhere to these mandates. If so, all these things can be open. We’ll still have cases but it won’t overwhelm our healthcare system,” Dr. Smith. 3212

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — There's no question that San Diegans love their pets.A study from financial website WalletHub looked into where pets enjoyed the best quality of life. San Diego ranked third on the list of 100 metropolitan areas around the country.San Diego excelled when it came to pet businesses per capita (1st), dog-friendly restaurants (1st), and animal shelters per capita (2nd).RELATED: Petco opens new concept store in San MarcosOn the opposite end of the spectrum, San Diego ranked 51st in veterinary care costs and 30th in walkability. But judging by our region's strengths, it's likely pet owners are comfortable bearing the costs for critter health care.Here's a look at WalletHub's full pet analysis of San Diego: 751

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Veterinarians with the San Diego Humane Society say too many pets are packing on extra pounds.The shelter sees overweight pets every day and recently received a 26-pound cat named Angelo; his family could no longer care for him. "Even though a lot of people may perceive him to be cute or funny, for us it's alarming to see an animal this size," said Dr. Danielle Clem, Hospital Director for the San Diego Campus.Overweight pets like Angelo are at risk for health complications like diabetes and severe arthritis."I really am a firm believer that good pet care starts with what you put in their food dish - and it's as simple as that," said Dr. Clem.Hospital staff put Angelo on a strict diet and began to encourage exercise. But Dr. Clem warns that if your pet needs to lose weight, it should be done under veterinarian supervision. "Cats losing weight too rapidly can actually be very dangerous."While Angelo has already been adopted, SDHS officials invite people to meet other cats during adopt-a-shelter-cat month. 1045

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - While all the buzz seems to be around Disneyland's forthcoming "Star Wars" land, California Adventure will welcome a variety of Pixar character next month.California Adventure Park's Pixar Pier opens to park guests June 23 and will pack loads of Pixar character fun into the theme park.Wednesday, Disney laid out what exactly fans of "Toy Story," "The Incredibles," and other Pixar films can expect to see at the pier's four neighborhoods.RELATED: Disneyland's 'Star Wars' expansion set for summer 2019In Incredibles Park fans can test their superhero prowess alongside the Parr family on the new Incredicoaster, the former California Screamin' rollercoaster. Outside, the Jack-Jack Cookie Num Nums stand will be ready to treat riders to freshly-baked treats.Over at Toy Story Boardwalk, guests will shrink down to the size of their favorite tenants of Andy's room on Toy Story Midway Mania! Jessie the yodeling cowgirls will take fans for a spin on Jessie's Critter Carousel, and delicious churros from Senor Buzz Churros, where Buzz has switched into Spanish mode.Fans of one of Pixar's newest favorites "Inside-Out" will want to visit the new Inside-Out headquarters, featuring family-friendly fun set to open at a later date.RELATED: Report: SeaWorld attendance takes a hit, while SoCal theme parks growPixar Promenade will celebrate all of Pixar's characters at the Pixar Pal-A-Round, featuring 24 gondolas with different Pixar pairs.The promenade will also be home to the Games of the Boardwalk, with game booths set up including Heimlich’s Candy Corn Toss, Wall-E Space Race, La Luna Star Catcher and Bullseye Stallion Stampede. 1697

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