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Next week, the U.S. House and Senate will take up police reform bills.The House will address qualified immunity on a national level. It's a doctrine implemented by the U.S. Supreme Court that makes it difficult to sue police, even if one's constitutional rights are violated.The doctrine protects officers who can defend their actions because they didn't know their conduct was unconstitutional. That's because it wasn't “clearly established” in a prior court ruling.In practice, courts have dismissed civil rights lawsuits because there wasn't a previous case in the same location with the same circumstances. So, there's also no precedent for future cases. That's why the doctrine is criticized as a "catch 22."“That kind of ‘does this officer get the benefit of the doubt?’ type of inquiry gives judges just lots of room based on their interpretation, their view of whether this seems like a bad case or not, and it means that the judge is taking cases away from the jury based on their own views of the facts,” said Brandon Garrett, professor of law at Duke University.“The way to truly understand it is to look at in the context, as a lot of people are suddenly looking at it when police uses force, and particularly when it's deadly force,” said Aderson Francois, professor of law at Georgetown UniversityThe officers involved in a wrongful death lawsuit in Washington D.C. are expected to claim qualified immunity. In 2018, Marqueese Alston was shot and killed by police while running away. The court will only look at it from the perspective of police and if they reasonably feared for their lives.“What the court will not do is to ask did my client, a 22-year-old black man in DC have a reasonable fear for the police that caused him to run away in the first place,” said Francois.It's important to point out that officers do not personally foot the bill in these cases.“It's about the municipality, the county, the city,” said Garrett. “They're the ones who are paying. They're the ones who should be held accountable. After all, if this officer was poorly trained or didn't have the right support from colleagues, it's not the officer's fault necessarily.”Qualified immunity makes it so the constitutional issue is never addressed. Even if the doctrine disappears, it's still difficult to win a constitutional claim. 2335

New data shows Alzheimer's Disease is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States.In the last 15 years, it's grown more than 100 percent. It's projected to cost the nation billions in care costs.But there's one thing that could cut those costs, and change how people live with this disease.Married for 36 years, Rick and Traci Edmonson describe their time together like this."It's a whirlwind!" Rick said, and Traci agreed.Some things, like kids and grandkids, they expected."Really definitely they are the joys of life," Traci said.But some things, they didn't."It was terrifying in those small moments that was going on," Rick said. "And it was just scared me to death."One day, about two years ago, Rick was driving and got lost."For him to get lost in a place that he knew and not be able to find his way back was a huge red flag," Traci said.They went to a doctor, and just days before Christmas, at age 59, Rick was diagnosed with early onset Alzheimer's Disease."We didn't know what the future would hold," Traci said. "It is just such a scary thing."A new report out from the Alzheimer's Association shows the couple is not alone. More than 5.7 million people are currently living with the disease, and by 2050, that number is projected to rise to nearly 14 million."You know I think it's important for the public to understand the epidemic that is at our front door right now," said Amelia Schafer with the Alzheimer's Association of Colorado.Often, people are living with Alzheimer's and don't know it, Schafer said, and finding out can have big benefits. The report found early detection through annual doctor visits could save up to 15% percent of care costs."What we know is that early detection treating it earlier, potentially keeping someone in their home a little bit longer, can save hundreds of thousands for a family member over the lifetime," Schafer said.For Rick, early detection and working with the Alzheimer's Association helped preserve his quality of life."I couldn't do the things I'd like to do and it's coming back," Rick said.Now he's looking forward to the life he and Traci always imagined."I think more kids," he said. "More grandkids," Traci said.Together they want to be aware and proactive, and enjoy the best of life's moments, for as long as possible. 2349

New details in the case of 13-year-old Patricia Alatorre who was allegedly raped and murdered last week by a man from Los Angeles who she communicated with on social media. The details in those court documents are very graphic, much of which wouldn't be appropriate to release.It was in the neighborhood near Wible Rd and Hosking Ave where police say 13-year-old Patricia Alatorre was kidnapped near her home last week. Documents revealed a lot of information about how she communicated with her suspected 24-year-old killer, the kind of communication they had prior to her death, and the tragic way she lost her life."That's sad. That's unacceptable. We don't want anybody killed, but it's incredibly sad when people kill children," said Kern County District Attorney Cynthia Zimmer.Zimmer shared her thoughts after court documents were released Wednesday morning detailing the tragic events leading up to Alatorre's death. Officials said she was killed in South Bakersfield shortly after midnight on July 2nd after 24-year-old Armando Cruz from Inglewood communicated with her on social media over the course of a week. They would send explicit photos to each other, according to documents.Things would take a turn for the worst, according to Bakersfield Police Sgt. Robert Pair."As you can imagine this is a particularly sensitive case. It's involving details that is especially graphic."Documents state Cruz convinced Alatorre to meet with him to engage in explicit acts on two occasions despite knowing she was only 13. He drove from Los Angeles to Bakersfield to meet her. On the second encounter, Cruz drove her around the block as she screamed, telling him she didn't want to go with him.It was about this time documents state she was raped. She tried to get up and physically struggled with Cruz and that's when he allegedly strangled her and tied her up with duct tape. He then took her body with him but the details following are too graphic to release.On Sunday night Cruz was arrested by BPD in Los Angeles County and brought back to Bakersfield. On Tuesday he was charged with 12 felony counts."The first count is first-degree murder and in connection with first-degree murder, I charged four special circumstances which carry the penalty of life without the possibility of parole, in prison, or the death penalty," explained Zimmer.Cruz has pleaded not guilty to that first-degree murder charge and all other felony charges, including kidnapping, and aggravated sexual assault. He is due back in court on July 30th. 2538

New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio has told top brass at the city's police department to stop arresting people who are caught smoking marijuana in public, according to a City Hall aide.Currently, smoking in public can lead to arrest, while possession of small amounts of marijuana can lead to a summons.This weekend, the mayor told the NYPD to issue summonses for smoking pot in public, instead of making arrests.The NYPD has already begun a working group to evaluate its marijuana enforcement procedures and present its recommendations within 30 days, at the mayor's request. The mayor made it clear this weekend that ending public marijuana smoking arrests is one of the changes he wants.Any changes to NYPD's policy on smoking in public would not take effect until the end of the summer.NYPD Deputy Commissioner of Public Information Phil Walzak told CNN that the 30-day working group is already underway, and that the issue is "certainly part of that review.""The working group is reviewing possession and public smoking of marijuana to ensure enforcement is consistent with the values of fairness and trust, while also promoting public safety and addressing community concerns," Walzak said. 1204

Nightly protests like the ones in Kenosha have been seen in cities across the country before: Ferguson, Baltimore, Minneapolis. The calls for charges against officers involved in shootings may be growing louder amongst protesters, but charges and prosecutions in these cases remain rare.Five days after Kenosha police officer Rusten Sheskey grabbed Jacob Blake’s shirt and fired seven shots into his back, many are angry no charges have been filed.“The reason people expect charges in these cases to be filed so quickly is because when a civilian harms someone, they're charged, you know, immediately,” said Kate Levine, an associate law professor at Cardozo Law School in New York.“I believe that all ordinary citizens should be treated the way the police are treated, and prosecutors should do a thorough investigation before they charge,” said Levine, who studies police prosecutions.Bowling Green criminal justice professor Phil Stinson tracks these types of cases. He says even when charged with more serious crimes, like manslaughter or murder, officers are rarely convicted.“About 1,000 times each year, an on-duty police officer shoots and kills someone. And it's actually a very rare event that an officer is charged with murder or manslaughter resulting from one of those shootings,” he said.In many cases, experts say it takes public pressure or independent video evidence to even get charges filed.In the case of Laquan McDonald, a black teen shot dead by a white police officer in 2014, it wasn’t until dashcam video was released 13 months after the shooting that Chicago police officer Jason Van Dyke was charged and eventually convicted of 2nd degree murder."Absent the release of that footage, what you have is the police officers saying Laquan McDonald was threatening us. Right. And only when you see the video do you see this is a kid walking away from them, not threatening them,” said Levine.According to a statistical analysis by Bowling Green University, since 2005, 119 police officers were arrested for shooting and killing someone while on duty. While 44 were convicted of a crime, most were for convicted for lesser offenses. Only seven were convicted of murder.“Instead of treating it as a potential criminal homicide case in a crime scene, it seems that the assumptions they start with in these cases are that an officer was involved in a shooting and that it was probably legally justified,” said Stinson.In Louisville, police executed a no-knock warrant on the wrong apartment shooting and killing 26-year-old Breonna Taylor. Five months since the deadly incident, none of the officers face criminal charges.And now, Jacob Blake is paralyzed from his wounds and recovering in a Wisconsin hospital.Stinson says we’ve reached a tipping point.“People of all walks of life are realizing that these are not isolated incidents. These types of things happen with impunity on a regular basis. And we need to make great changes to policing in the United States.” 2992