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one of the country's most prestigious sporting events was stopped Friday due to a freak hail storm that left ice littered on the course.Stage 19 of the Tour de France was neutralized Friday after snow and ice covered the course at the Col d'Iseran — a mountain pass located more than 9,000 feet above sea level.Tour organizers said the course was too slick and flooded for riders to complete the course safely. There are some reports of landslides in the area.Stage 19 is the third to last stage of the nearly month-long race. The race is set to finish on Sunday in Paris. 575

You might assume that chats sent on Facebook Messenger are completely private. But you'd be wrong.Facebook confirmed Thursday that it uses automated tools to scan Messenger chats for malware links and child porn images. It also allows users to report chats that may violate community standards.The company's moderators can review any messages that are flagged by users or the automated systems.Facebook has long been clear that its workers can review posts to ensure they comply with its community standards. But many users had assumed their chats on Messenger were private.Facebook said in a statement on Thursday that keeping messages private is its priority, but it also defended the automated tools as being "very similar to those that other internet companies use today.""The content of messages between people is not used for ads targeting," a company spokesperson said. "We do not listen to your voice and video calls."Facebook has come under intense scrutiny in recent weeks after news broke that Cambridge Analytica, a data firm with ties to President Donald Trump's campaign, may have had information on millions of Facebook users without their knowledge.The episode has sparked questions over privacy on the social media platform, and led to calls for tough new regulation. It has also prompted calls for Facebook to be more transparent about how it handles user data.Messenger, which allows users to chat amongst themselves, became a point of interest this week after Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg said the company had "detected" that "sensational messages" were being sent via Messenger in Myanmar.Human rights advocates and journalists have made the case that Facebook was being used to spread misinformation in the country, adding fuel to ethic violence against a Muslim minority group called the Rohingya."In that case, our systems detect that that's going on," Zuckerberg said during an interview with Vox. "We stop those messages from going through."Facebook clarified in a statement on Thursday."In this particular instance, a number of people reported receiving these messages which prompted us to begin investigating," a spokesperson said.In recent weeks, Facebook has made changes to the platform and its policies regarding access to user data and transparency.Facebook's data policy -- which was updated on Wednesday -- states that it collects "the content, communications and other information you provide when you ... message or communicate with others."Zuckerberg also told reporters on Wednesday that the company could do a better job of explaining what it does with user data."[There are] many misperceptions about what we actually do," he said.Zuckerberg is scheduled to face questions from two US congressional panels next week about how his company handles its users' data. 2851

— and suspended.Awtrey, a transgender student, had been looking forward to his breast reduction surgery — known as a "top surgery" — for so long. When it was finally complete earlier this month, he shed tears of joy."I full-on started balling and crying because this was something I wanted the last 10 years of my life," Awtrey said.He was a student at Welch College in Gallatin, Tennessee, who was planning to stay with a Christian couple as he healed from the surgery. But when they found out what it was for, he says they told him he wasn't welcome anymore.After a roommate outed Awtrey last year, he says Welch College officials told him to keep quiet."I wasn't allowed to have an opinion when something was talked about, when others made transphobic jokes or teachers made transphobic jokes. Those things would hurt me but I wasn't allowed to comment on it," Awtrey said.And Awtrey says when the college found out about his surgery, they told him he couldn't return to the dorms, and eventually suspended him for two terms.Welch College is a private university, so it isn't subject to the same laws forbidding discrimination that public universities are."These things are just part of a problem that is now pervading all of society," Awtrey said. "When Welch College kicked me out, they essentially said I did not deserve an education at their college."In a statement, Welch College President Matt Pinson said:"Welch College believes that all persons are created in God’s image and thus have inherent dignity and should be treated with respect, compassion, and love. The College holds that God created humanity in two distinct and complementary sexes: male and female. The College acknowledges that the Fall of humanity into sin has introduced brokenness into God’s good creation, including in the realm of human sexuality. For example, some individuals experience a distressing confusion about their gender identity, perceiving a conflict between their biological reality and their psychological self-understanding.Welch College believes that individuals experiencing such confusion—and the distress that usually accompanies it—should be treated with love and compassion. The College also believes that attempting to alter one’s bodily identity constitutes a rejection of God’s design for humanity. The College is also aware that such attempts all too rarely deliver on their promises to alleviate psychological and emotional suffering. The College thus invites all transgender individuals to trust fully in Christ and experience renewal in the gospel.On Friday, August 2, Welch College learned that one of its students had undergone surgery in an effort to conform her body to her belief that she is male. Given the incompatibility of such an action with the College’s beliefs and expectations for members of its community, the College informed the student that while she could not continue living in a dormitory, the College would provide hotel accommodations and funds for food during her recovery period. The College later offered to provide in-home health care for the student, which the student declined, stating she did not need it. Reports that the College responded inappropriately or unlovingly to the student’s situation are inaccurate.Pinson also said, “Welch’s community standards hold that students are to obey God’s revealed will in Holy Scripture and avoid behaviors that constitute a rejection of the divine design for human sexuality. Our desire is to show individuals experiencing gender confusion the love and compassion of Christ while bearing witness to God’s design as revealed in Holy Scripture for his human creatures as male and female. We believe that a commitment to historic Christian teaching on human gender and sexuality must ever be melded with love, compassion, and sensitivity to people who are made in the image of God. Welch informs all members of its community of these beliefs, on which its decisions regarding admissions, hiring, housing, etc., are based. We will continue to pray for all people experiencing gender confusion while also honoring the values of this institution and its sponsoring denomination, which are shared by the Christian tradition over two millennia.Pinson continued, “Throughout Yanna’s time at Welch, we have treated her [sic] with love, respect, compassion, sensitivity, and privacy, though we always clearly communicated our community standards regarding gender identity. We at Welch love Yanna and have shown her that love in a way that accords with our deeply held religious beliefs.”This story was originally published by 4599

in a settlement last week."Silent Sam" was a monument dedicated to students of the school who fought for the Confederacy during the Civil War. It was dedicated in 1913 and stood for over 100 years before it was 213

-- and its wider implications for human mental health treatment -- was found in their poop, per new findings published in Behavioural Brain Research.Rats are better drivers when they're mentally stimulatedKelly Lambert, study author and head of the University of Richmond's Lambert Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, trained two groups of young rats: One bunch raised in an "enriched environment" with toys, ladders, balls and pieces of wood designed to spark mental stimulation, and another reared in a standard, unexciting lab cage.The rats learned to enter a custom "rat-operated vehicle," or ROV, adorably constructed from a one-gallon plastic container turned on its side.Once inside, the rat racers would stand on an aluminum plate and press on a copper bar that would trigger the wheels' motor. They'd hold down on the bar until they propelled their tiny car to the end of their enclosure, where they collected their reward: Froot Loops.When it came time to drive, the rats who played with ladders, balls and toys were more adept at operating and steering the ROV, thanks to the neuroplasticity (their brains' ability to change over time) triggered by their environment. Their unstimulated cage counterparts effectively "failed their driving test," Lambert said.Hormones found in their feces showed improved emotional resilienceIn sifting through their fecal matter, Lambert found both groups of rats trained to drive secreted higher levels of corticosterone and DHEA, hormones that control stress responses.Corticosterone is a hormone animals could secrete in high-stakes scenarios like running from a wild animal or defending themselves from predators, but it can also be expressed in lower-risk tasks like doing taxes or worrying about a loved one (though rats likely aren't advanced enough to form a government, let alone impose taxes on fellow rats).DHEA acts as a sort of "buffer," Lambert said, when corticosterone becomes toxic -- that is, when it can't be turned off in a reasonable amount of time, creating prolonged stress.It's evidence that mastering a complex task, like driving a car, bolstered the rats' emotional resilience."It is likely that driving gives the rats a sense of control over their environment," she said. "In humans, we would say that it enhances a sense of agency or self-efficacy."What have rats got to do with human health?The brains of humans and rats share nearly all of the same areas and neurochemicals -- they're just smaller in rodents. And though humans are certainly more complex than rats, Lambert said there are "universal truths" in how both species' brains interact within their environment to maintain optimal mental health.So these results have implications for human health, too (and no, they don't mean rats will drive alongside people in tiny lanes on highways). Emotional resilience is one of the first lines of defense against mental illnesses like depression, she said, and learning what behaviors build that up could clue physicians in on how to treat those illnesses in humans.It's a concept Lambert refers to as "behaviorceuticals," activities that release hormones that can ward off prolonged stress brought on by corticosterone."Anything that reduces stress can build resilience against the onset of mental illness," she said.The activity can be something as simple as knitting, or in rats' case, learning to drive a car. Just engaging hands, paws and brains of varying sizes can enhance a participant's sense of control. 3489

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