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As states prepare to assist in distributing potential coronavirus vaccines by November 1, Surgeon General Jerome Adams doubted a vaccine would be ready so soon.Speaking to ABC’s Good Morning America, Adams said a Nov. 1 vaccine was “possible, but not probable.”Last week, the federal government asked states to be prepared to begin assisting in distribution of COVID-19 vaccines to the public this fall.The memo signed by CDC head Robert Redfield told governors that the federal government has contracted with the McKesson Corporation to assist in distributing the vaccine to local and state health departments, medical facilities, doctor officers, and other vaccine providers.So why is the government getting states ready for a vaccine on November 1 even if it’s unlikely a vaccine will be approved by then?"It's not contradictory information," Adams told Good Morning America. "We've always said that we're hopeful for a vaccine by the end of this year or the beginning of next year.""We want to make sure states are available to distribute it," he added.While there is urgency for both public health and economic reasons for a vaccine, some experts have expressed concern over the speed of a vaccine and whether the expedited timeline is long enough to demonstrate efficacy. Dr. Anthony Fauci told NBC News on Wednesday that he believes a “safe and effective” vaccine could be ready by the end of the year."I believe that by the time we get to the end of this calendar year, that we will feel comfortable that we do have a safe and effective vaccine," he told NBC News.On Monday, a third vaccine candidate entered “Phase 3” trials in the US. AstraZeneca is testing its COVID-19 vaccine candidate for 30,000 participants. The AstraZeneca vaccine would come in two separate doses, according to the National Institutes of Health.Even though a vaccine could be ready by year’s end, trials will be expected to continue for over a year to monitor for possible side effects.According to the FDA, a typical Phase 3 trial would take one to three years.“NIH is committed to supporting several Phase 3 vaccine trials to increase the odds that one or more will be effective in preventing COVID-19 and put us on the road to recovery from this devastating pandemic,” said NIH Director Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D. “We also know that preventing this disease could require multiple vaccines and we’re investing in those that we believe have the greatest potential for success.”On Friday, President Donald Trump reiterated that a vaccine would be ready soon."We have tremendous, tremendous talent, some tremendous scientists, and they're right there, and I think you're going to hear some very good news,” Trump said. 2714

As students return to school and employees head back to the office all with new safety protocols likely including wearing a mask, a new study from Duke University explores which masks are more effective.Spoiler alert: A fitted N95 mask, usually reserved for those in the medical community, performed the best in their test. However, since many Americans do not have access to those and have been using a mix of store-bought or homemade cotton and fabric facial coverings, Duke tested 13 other kinds of masks.The study, which was published Friday, was prompted when a professor at Duke’s School of Medicine was asked to assist a local group buying masks in bulk for the community. According to CNN, the professor wanted to make sure the masks they bought were effective.Researchers gathered 14 kinds of masks, including the professionally-fitted N95 mask, a bandana, homemade cotton varieties, and a surgical mask. They then used a dark room, laser beam and cell phone camera to record how many droplets (which reflect the laser beam light) each mask allows through.For each mask test and the non-mask wearing control test, the speaker was recorded saying “Stay healthy, people” five times. Each mask was tested ten times. 1229

Authorities say a resident who suspected a man was drunk and got behind the wheel flagged down an officer, who was later shot and killed during the traffic stop.Stanislaus County sheriff's Sgt. Tom Letras told the Modesto Bee newspaper Friday night that the resident didn't see Cpl. Ronil Singh pull over the vehicle but heard the gunshots minutes later.Gustavo Perez Arriaga was captured Friday after a manhunt following Singh's killing Wednesday. Authorities say he was in the country illegally and was fleeing back to his native Mexico.Seven other people have been arrested on suspicion of helping Perez Arriaga, including his girlfriend and two of his brothers.Letras says Arriaga is expected to be arraigned on charges Wednesday. 742

As the holiday shopping season kicks off this week, the Better Business Bureau is warning consumers about a new scam surrounding pricey gaming consoles.According to a news release, with the PlayStation 5 and other gaming devices in high demand, fake deals are appearing on the internet showing the systems at a reduced price.The scam reportedly works by showing a deal on a lesser-known website that has positive reviews, convincing customers to make a purchase via Paypal or another form of payment.According to the BBB, if you receive a package at all from the website or company, it won't be that coveted PS5 or Xbox Series X, but instead will be an item of little value."Since you technically received a shipment, you will be unable to contest the purchase with the third-party who processed the payment," the BBB said.One consumer who fell for a scam said they were unable to get in touch with the website they purchased their item from.“I attempted to reach out to the email address on their website, however I received an email informing me that it was not a valid email address. I then attempted to call the phone number listed on the website, [which gave me] an automatic message informing me that the number was not valid.”The BBB says to do these three things before buying a pricey console:Research the company you plan to purchase from thoroughly. It’s best to purchase items from sellers you already know and trust, but if you decide to purchase from an unfamiliar online store, do your homework first. Read as many customer reviews as you can find, look up the business on org, and do an online search with the company’s name followed by the word “scam” to see if you find any complaints. Make sure the company has legitimate customer service contact information (not just a form you have to fill out and hope for a response) and clear return and refund policies as well.Avoid impulse buying. Scammers like to draw people in with “flash sales” and “limited time offers” in hopes you will hand over your money on impulse. Resist the urge.Don’t believe prices that are too good to be true. Before you start shopping, find out the price of the gaming console at a major retailer. You can check prices online to get a general idea of what the console is selling for. Keep that price in mind as you shop and be wary of sellers who offer the product at a steeply discounted price. You could end up spending money on a defective or counterfeit product, or no product at all!This story was originally published by Joey Greaber at KGUN. 2550

Astronomers looking at the atmosphere in neighboring Venus see something that might just be a sign of life.In a study published Monday, researchers from Cardiff University, MIT and elsewhere say they found the chemical signature of a noxious gas called phosphine.On Earth, phosphine is associated with life. It's found at the bottom of ponds, in badger guts and in penguin guano.Venus’ phosphine was observed in a narrow, temperate band within the planet’s atmospheres, where temperatures range from 30 to 200 degrees Fahrenheit. Scientists have speculated that if life exists on Venus, this layer of the atmosphere, or cloud deck, is likely the only place where it would survive, according to MIT.“This phosphine signal is perfectly positioned where others have conjectured the area could be habitable,” said the study’s co-author and EAPS Research Scientist Janusz Petkowski.Astronomers tried to figure out other, non-biological ways it could be produced and came up empty.“It’s very hard to prove a negative,” said Clara Sousa-Silva, research scientist in MIT’s Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences (EAPS). “Now, astronomers will think of all the ways to justify phosphine without life, and I welcome that. Please do, because we are at the end of our possibilities to show abiotic processes that can make phosphine.”Outside experts — and the study authors themselves — say the research is tantalizing but not yet convincing. 1454

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