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Smoke masks. Eye drops. No outdoor exercise. This is how Californians are trying to cope with wildfires choking the state, but experts say an increase in serious health problems may be almost inevitable for vulnerable residents as the disasters become more commonplace.Research suggests children, the elderly and those with existing health problems are most at risk.Short-term exposure to wildfire smoke can worsen existing asthma and lung disease, leading to emergency room treatment or hospitalization, studies have shown.Increases in doctor visits or hospital treatment for respiratory infections, bronchitis and pneumonia in otherwise healthy people also have been found during and after wildfires.RELATED: Missing-persons list tops 600 in Camp FireSome studies also have found increases in ER visits for heart attacks and strokes in people with existing heart disease on heavy smoke days during previous California wildfires, echoing research on potential risks from urban air pollution.For most healthy people, exposure to wildfire smoke is just an annoyance, causing burning eyes, scratchy throats or chest discomfort that all disappear when the smoke clears.But doctors, scientists and public health officials are concerned that the changing face of wildfires will pose a much broader health hazard."Wildfire season used to be June to late September. Now it seems to be happening all year round. We need to be adapting to that," Dr. Wayne Cascio, a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency cardiologist, said this week.In an overview published earlier this year, Cascio wrote that the increasing frequency of large wildland fires, urban expansion into wooded areas and an aging population are all increasing the number of people at risk for health problems from fires.Wood smoke contains some of the same toxic chemicals as urban air pollution, along with tiny particles of vapor and soot 30 times thinner than a human hair. These can infiltrate the bloodstream, potentially causing inflammation and blood vessel damage even in healthy people, research on urban air pollution has shown. Studies have linked heart attacks and cancer with long-term exposure to air pollution.Whether exposure to wildfire smoke carries the same risks is uncertain, and determining harm from smog versus wildfire smoke can be tricky, especially with wind-swept California wildfires spreading thick smoke hundreds of miles away into smoggy big cities."That is the big question," said Dr. John Balmes, a University of California, San Francisco, professor of medicine who studies air pollution."Very little is known about the long-term effects of wildfire smoke because it's hard to study populations years after a wildfire," Balmes said.Decreased lung function has been found in healthy firefighters during fire season. They tend to recover but federal legislation signed this year will establish a U.S. registry tracking firefighters and potential risks for various cancers, including lung cancer. Some previous studies suggested a risk.Balmes noted that increased lung cancer rates have been found in women in developing countries who spend every day cooking over wood fires.That kind of extreme exposure doesn't typically happen with wildfires, but experts worry about the kinds of health damage that may emerge for firefighters and residents with these blazes occurring so often.Whether that includes more cancer is unknown. "We're concerned about that," Balmes said.Regular folks breathing in all that smoke worry about the risks too.Smoke from the fire that decimated the Northern California city of Paradise darkened skies this week in San Francisco, nearly 200 miles southwest, and the air smelled "like you were camping," said Michael Northover, a contractor.He and his 14-year-old son have first-time sinus infections that Northover blames on the smoke."We're all kind of feeling it," Northover said.The smoke was so thick in San Francisco, the skyline was barely visible from across the Bay. The city's iconic open-air cable cars that are popular with tourists were pulled off the streets Thursday because of the bad air.An Environmental Protection Agency website said air quality in Sacramento was "hazardous" Thursday and San Francisco's was "very unhealthy." Many people walking around the cities wore face masks.Most schools in San Francisco, Sacramento, Oakland and Folsom said they would be closed Friday. At least six universities in Northern California canceled classes Thursday.At Chico State University, 11 miles (18 kilometers) from Paradise, ash fell this week and classes were canceled until after Thanksgiving."It's kind of freaky to see your whole town wearing air masks and trying to get out of smoke," said freshman Mason West, 18. "You can see the particles. Obviously, it's probably not good to be breathing that stuff in."West returned home this week to Santa Rosa, hard hit by last year's wine country fires, only to find it shrouded in smoke from the Paradise fire 100 miles (160 kilometers) away. West's family had to evacuate last year for a week, but their home was spared."It's as bad here as it was in Chico," West said. "It almost feels like you just can't get away from it."Smoke has been so thick in Santa Rosa that researchers postponed a door-to-door survey there for a study of health effects of last year's fire."We didn't feel we could justify our volunteer interns going knocking on doors when all the air quality alerts were saying stay indoors," said Irva Hertz-Picciotto, a public health researcher at the University of California, Davis. The study includes an online survey of households affected by last year's fire, with responses from about 6,000 people so far.Preliminary data show widespread respiratory problems, eye irritations, anxiety, depression and sleep problems around the time of the fire and months later."Conventional thinking is that these effects related to fires are transient. It's not entirely clear that's the case," Hertz-Picciotto said.Researchers also will be analyzing cord blood and placentas collected from a few dozen women who were pregnant during the fire, seeking evidence of stress markers or exposure to smoke chemicals.They hope to continue the study for years, seeking evidence of long-term physical and emotional harms to fire evacuees and their children.Other studies have linked emotional stress in pregnant women to developmental problems in their children and "this was quite a stress," Hertz-Picciotto said.It's a kind of stress that many people need to prepare for as the climate warms and wildfires proliferate, she said."Any of us could wake up tomorrow and lose everything we own," she said. "It's pretty scary."___Follow AP Medical Writer Lindsey Tanner at https://twitter.com/LindseyTanner . Her work can be found here .___The Associated Press Health & Science Department receives supportfrom the Howard Hughes Medical Institute's Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 7036

Some Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School students say going to school in the morning now feels more like going to an airport, or even worse, going into a prison.FULL COVERAGE: Parkland school shooting“I’m all for school safety implementations, but I don’t like the feeling of a prison," said Jack Macleod, a junior. "It’s supposed to be a place of education and I can’t really get back into that sense of academia and creativity with all that’s going.”On their first day back from spring break, Broward County School District enacted new security measures at the high school in an effort to keep students safer.Jack and his classmates weaved through rows of barricades to get into school. Jack tweeted a video of the experience.“It’s seriously like the TSA," he said in the video.Jack's peers also took to Twitter to share their thoughts on the security measures.“Posting stuff like that gives the whole audience of Twitter a big insight into what it’s like now in the day of Marjory Stoneman Douglas," Jack said.Jack said there are no metal detectors at the entrances yet, but he's expecting that to come soon.Some students tweeted asking if pre-check will be available like at the airport and if they need to start taking off their shoes when they get to school.However, the new clear backpacks got most of the heat on social media. “I don’t think that it does anything," Jack said. "I don’t think the issues that have come out of this movement that people are debating and disputing about are backpack related.”Students call the backpacks a violation of privacy. “We earned that right to privacy and we kind of got it confiscated when two knives were taken to school," said Annabel Claprood, a sophomore.Camern Lo put a piece of paper in her new clear backpack saying, ‘This backpack is probably worth more than my life.'Some students say while they understand the intentions are good, these measures are band-aids to cover up the real problems."I don’t think that it does anything," Jack said. "I don’t think the issues that have come out of this movement that people are debating and disputing about are backpack related."Students also have to wear their I.D. badges at all times. They received lanyards Monday to wear them on."They did not check my I.D.," Annabel said. "They did not check anything. I walked in. No questions asked. It was just like it was before nothing’s really changed except now you can see our personal items.”Annabel took her ideas on how to make her school safer straight to the superintendent during a meeting right before spring break."Bring your voice to the people who will listen who are going to do something with your voice," she said.She said she wants to see more modern technology used to secure the school. She says that’s what would make her and her peers feel safer, something she knows adults are trying to do.“Until we see all of us on the same page working together, nothing’s going to happen," she said.“I don’t know what exactly America needs right now, but I do know that we’re all talking about it," Jack said.Florida Highway Patrol troopers are guarding entrances to the school as Governor Rick Scott promised nearly two weeks ago. Broward County Sheriff’s Office has a heavy presence outside the school as well. 3282

ST. LOUIS (AP) — A grand jury has indicted the St. Louis couple who displayed guns while hundreds of racial injustice protesters marched on their private street. A lawyer for Mark McCloskey and his wife, Patricia McCloskey, confirmed the indictments Tuesday. A spokeswoman for Circuit Attorney Kim Gardner declined comment.The McCloskeys, who are both attorneys, have become folk heroes among some conservatives. They argue that they were simply exercising their Second Amendment right to bear arms, and were protected by Missouri’s castle doctrine law that allows the use of deadly force against intruders. The case has caught the attention of President Donald Trump, and Republican Missouri Gov. Mike Parson has said he will pardon the couple if they are convicted.The McCloskeys also were featured speakers on the first night of the Republican National Convention. They’ve accused the “leftist” Democratic St. Louis leadership for their plight.Gardner, a Democrat, charged the couple with felony unlawful use of a weapon. She said the display of guns risked bloodshed at what she called an otherwise peaceful protest.Watkins said that in addition to the weapons charge, the grand jury indictment includes a tampering with evidence charge. It wasn’t clear what led to that additional count, he said. 1309

SOLANA BEACH, Calif. (KGTV) - A Solana Beach cafe closed its doors after their outdoor dining furniture was stolen.Owner Marie Brawn stood in the vacant concrete pad in front of her beloved Homestead Cafe and Market Friday morning telling surprised customers they weren't opening today."I just couldn't do it this morning, so we closed," she said disheartened.Seven tables and chairs were stolen in a rash of thefts down Cedros Avenue on Tuesday morning before dawn.Brawn said when she and her husband arrived to open later that day, they were confused. Tables and chairs were knocked over and about a fourth were missing. At first, Brawn thought a neighbor borrowed the tables, then it sunk in."It was just this moment of defeat, just one more notch, like really, just one more thing we need in our way," she said.Brawn achieved her dream of opening a restaurant with her husband just 18 months before the pandemic. Her whole life has centered around food. She started working in the restaurant business at 15 years old and met her husband through work. It took 10 years to open Homestead.When the pandemic hit, she said, "we just pivoted, we became an organic market with our cafe and we moved everybody outside."Neighbors pitched in, the farmer's market loaned tables, the landlord allowed them to expand to the parking lot. They were rebounding from the closure. Brawn said each time the business was doing well and they saved up enough money, they would buy another umbrella for the outdoor seating."Small businesses are struggling, we're all struggling and to be hit with something like this on top of it all, sometimes you wake up and wonder what is the purpose of it all," she said.Looking around after the theft, it's barren. Brawn said they felt obligated to return the loaned tables, "we gave them their stuff back because we can't afford to replace it."Now they have seven tables and no way to scrape by. Brawn said they have to have maximum capacity with COVID-19 standards in place to start to make a profit.Brawn said she's fueled to continue because of the charity work she and her husband do with +Box."Right now he's dropping off about 600 meals, so each box feed about a family of four," Brawn said. The non-profit was created to fill a need during the pandemic, feeding struggling families. Brawn and her husband have donated 14,000 meals so far.The boxes hold grains, vegetables, and other items Brawn said are hard for families to get. The non-profit helps neighborhoods all over North County and Brawn hopes others will extend the same kindness."When you're down, help someone else because if we all do that it's like a domino effect and before you know it we're all going to be in a better place so we have to stick together," she said.Brawn created a GoFundMe for their restaurant and to help them continue giving to the community. If you would like to donate, please click here.Brawn says she will announce when they reopen on Instagram. 2971

Special counsel Robert Mueller's investigators have questioned a Russian oligarch about hundreds of thousands of dollars in payments his company's US affiliate made to President Donald Trump's personal attorney, Michael Cohen, after the election, according to a source familiar with the matter.Viktor Vekselberg, chairman of asset manager Renova Group, is an oligarch close to Vladimir Putin, and last month the Trump administration placed him on a list of sanctioned Russians for activities including election interference. The purpose of the payments, which predate the sanctions, and the nature of the business relationship between Vekselberg and Cohen is unclear.The scrutiny of the payments could add to the legal troubles for Cohen, whose home and office were raided last month as part of a criminal investigation by federal prosecutors in Manhattan. In court documents, the prosecutors said at least part of their inquiry stemmed from a referral from Mueller's office.The questions asked of Vekselberg suggest that Mueller investigators have been examining some of Cohen's business relationships as part of the investigation into Russian meddling in the 2016 presidential election. Vekselberg is one of two Russian oligarchs the FBI stopped earlier this year after their private jets landed in New York-area airports as part of Mueller's investigation.Investigators also asked Vekselberg about donations the head of his US affiliate made to Trump's inaugural fund and campaign funds, sources said.The attorney for Stormy Daniels -- the porn star who received 0,000 to keep quiet about an alleged affair she had with Trump a decade ago -- produced information Tuesday evening that appears to add further details to CNN's reporting. Michael Avenatti alleged that Cohen received half a million dollars from a company affiliated with Vekselberg in the months after the presidential election.Avenatti alleged the 0,000 went into the bank account for Essential Consultants, a shell company that Cohen set up before the election that was used to pay Daniels. Avenatti added that the payments occurred from January to August 2017.CNN has reviewed documents that appear to show these payments. CNN has not independently authenticated the documents.Prosecutors have not accused Cohen of wrongdoing in regard to the payments or any other business dealings. 2366

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