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Beijing has fined more than 50 people for spitting in the past week's holiday, a report said on Monday, as Beijing steps up a campaign to "civilize" the city before the 2008 Olympics. Officials also handed out more than 10,000 bags to tourists to try to keep them from littering as inspection teams fanned out across the city's tourist sites during the week-long Labor Day holiday, when hundreds of millions take to the roads. "The Olympics are coming, and we don't want to get disgraced," Xinhua news agency quoted travel guide Huang Xiaohui as saying. Guides had been instructed to remind tourists not to spit, litter or jump queues, and lead an "etiquette discussion" at the end of the tour, the report said, citing a circular issued by the China National Tourism Administration. China also has an official etiquette watchdog, the Spiritual Civilization Steering Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, which aims to curb uncivilized behavior. Chinese officials have expressed concern about rudeness and public spitting habits and launched campaigns to cultivate courtesy and civility, keen to ensure nothing mars Beijing's image during the Olympic Games. Among the initiatives, the 11th day of every month is now "voluntarily wait in line" day, designed to stamp out pushing and shoving in favor of orderly queues.

Blogging, a form of citizen journalism, has caught on so much in China that even some government officials are getting into it.The highest-ranking official or former official to write a blog is Zhao Qizheng, former director of the State Council Information Office, now president of the Journalism School of Renmin University in Beijing.He launched the blog "Zhao Qizheng and his books" (http://blog.sina.com.cn/zhaoqizheng) on August 3 and uploaded several chapters of his latest work In the One World - 101 Tips on How to Communicate with Foreigners. One of them, about the importance of smiling, has been read by nearly 40,000 netizens since it was posted a week ago.In a letter of August 14, Zhao thanked netizens for reading and commenting on his blog and apologized that he could not respond to each comment or question because he could only surf the Internet for limited time every day, and that he was a slow typist.Some netizens have used his blog to speak directly with the former top news official.One of them, called "Peach", a journalism student complained of a perceived lack of jobs in the industry and asked for his advice.The direct interaction between bloggers is one of the most appealing elements about this form of communication.Arguably the most popular blog run by an official is that of Liao Xinbo, deputy director of the provincial health bureau of South China's Guangdong Province.Liao calls himself "Doctor Brother Bozi" and his blog (http://blog.sina.com.cn/liaoxinbo) has been read more than 650,000 times since it was launched last April. At present it ranks the sixth most popular blog in Guangdong.The health official is known for being outspoken. On Monday, he posted an article by an anonymous doctor which blamed China's apparent failure on medical reform over the last 30 years on the lack of fair pay for doctors."If the situation continues, the next medical reform is doomed to fail again," the post warned.Liao also argued in his blog that health services were not a commodity that should be "bought" by patients, a key point that health providers need to serve the public, instead of trying to rake in money.Netizens who agreed with Liao proposed the official lobby his allies at the provincial people's congress - the legislative body - to draft a law especially for medical contracts.Netizens even went as far as drafting their own medical contract law, which Liao posted on August 24 commenting: "I have never studied laws and cannot give any comments. I wish my friends who are interested to give their ideas".Dozens of lawyers responded.According to one of them, legal tangles in the medical sector were difficult to settle because there were already too many laws, but not one powerful or specific enough to tackle problems with malpractice disputes.The netizen proposed that it was with some urgency that a law was drafted that covered the entire sector, instead of one that specifically dealt with contracts.Whether or not the fact the netizens' law proposals were right or wrong, their interaction with this sort of blogging demonstrates how ordinary people can debate the merits of such proposals.Liao's blog, with its inspiring discussions, provides a prime example of a form of "direct democracy".There are no figures available as to how many officials have blogs in China.However, in Suqian, a mid-sized city in East China's Jiangsu Province, 81 middle and high-ranking officials in the municipal government have opened blogs on the government website (http://blog.suqian.gov.cn/).Their Communist Party secretary, Zhang Xinshi, took the lead."Zhang hopes that those who are in charge at the different government organs can also have blogs so that they can express their ideas, attract people's discussions and build an efficient channel of communication between officials and ordinary citizens," said a Suqian Daily report about a working conference this April.Zhang has updated his blog almost every day and written long articles on weekends about a wide range of topics from global climate change to professional education.An article on "civilized behavior" prompted the local Suqian Daily to open a column about the topic, and more than 100,000 pupils and high school students distributed pamphlets on civilized behavior in the streets of his city.Almost each of Zhang's online articles was read more than 400 times, but there have been few posted responses from the public.When a comment was made, it often turned out to be a pledge of a subordinate to implement the Party secretary's ideas, not public feedback.A report in the People's Daily last month said officials in Suqian had published more than 1,700 articles on their blogs and these articles were read by more than 760,000 netizens."It is a good thing that officials opened blogs and strengthen their communication with the ordinary citizens," Xie Chuntao, professor at the Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Beijing, said.As part of China's e-governance construction, 12,000 government websites have been built in the past decade, according a report by Xinhua News Agency last December.More than 96 percent of the central government organs, 90 percent of provincial governments, 96 percent of municipal governments and 77 percent of county governments have their own websites."By further exploring the communication possibilities of blogs, officials may better win the citizens' trust if there is successful communication between the two sides," said Mao Shoulong, political science professor at Renmin University of China in a commentary in the People's Daily last year.But he also feared that some officials may have their opinion influenced by the "small club in cyberspace"."Actually, if we want the government to get nearer to the ordinary citizens, we can make more efforts on improving our democratic system instead of using the highly personalized blogs," he said."At the current stage, we can improve the government websites that widely exist, and make them work better in publicizing policies and communicating with netizens. This is a more constructive choice."

A regular inspection last month by the Ministry of Agriculture showed that food quality in 37 major cities has improved after a four-month promotional campaign, the ministry said on Friday.The nationwide inspection of vegetables, pork and aquatic products found acceptance rates had risen since August when the campaign was launched.The inspection found that:- 95.3 percent of the country's vegetables were safe in terms of pesticide residues.- 98.4 percent of meat products were up to scratch with regard to residues of clenobuterol hydrochloride, a drug some farmers used to put in pig feed but which is now banned due to the damage it can cause to the human heart.- 99.8 percent of aquatic products were free of chloramphenicol, and 95.7 percent were free from malachite green, both of which are banned fish food supplements.- No pork products in Beijing, Shenzhen, Shanghai and 25 other cities were polluted with banned drugs.- Aquatic products in seven cities including Beijing, Tianjin and Guangzhou were also found to be safe from illegal drugs.The ministry, which carries out five regular food safety inspections a year, attributed the achievements to its four-month campaign.It said in a news release that all 676 agricultural wholesale markets in large and medium cities have now been put under surveillance, up from 479 in September.Five kinds of pesticides that the ministry banned for their high toxicity have been seized and destroyed.The ministry also issued six regulations on pesticide registry management to standardize labeling and control product quantities."Thanks to the campaign, public awareness of agricultural product quality and food safety has been strengthened," the news release said.The ministry said it will follow up the campaign by cracking down on fake agricultural supplies and develop a network that gives farmers access to authentic and good-quality agricultural materials.

BEIJING -- China and Japan on Thursday expressed the hope that bilateral ties should move headway as they staged grand activities marking the 35th anniversary of the normalization of diplomatic ties."Chinese and Japanese politicians made strategic decision to normalize diplomatic relations 35 years ago, turning a new chapter of the Sino-Japanese ties," Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao spoke to visiting Japanese guests including former Japanese prime ministers Mori Yoshiro and Tomiichi Murayama.China-Japan relation is facing good momentum of development and opportunities, and the Chinese government will continue its friendly policy towards Japan to develop friendly neighbouring relations of cooperation, Wen said.At the grand reception with 600-odd attendance, Chinese State Councilor Tang Jiaxuan said the China-Japan ties have witnessed ups and downs during the past 35 years, and now back to normal track for development due to joint efforts by both governments and peoples."Chinese and Japanese leaders kept frequent contacts and communication in the past year, reaching important consensus on the target of peaceful co-existence, long-lasting friendship, mutual cooperation and common development, which should be cherished by both nations," Tang said."China and Japan are facing bright future and shoulder responsibilities in developing bilateral ties," Tang said.China would like to work with Japan to continuously push forward bilateral relations for long-term and stable growth based on the three political documents and keeping in mind the spirit of "taking history as a mirror and looking to the future", Tang said.Echoing Chinese leaders' remarks, Mori Yoshiro and Tomiichi Murayama said Japan-China relations enjoy great improvement and development in the past year through joint efforts of both sides, and the two countries witness sound cooperation in fields of economy, culture, sports and youth exchanges.They suggested both countries take the opportunity of the 35th anniversary to step up strategic mutual-beneficial ties, keep high-level exchanges, and facilitate cooperation in the key areas such as environmental protection and energy saving.The Japanese guests also called on to promote youth exchanges and cooperation between localities, in a bid to cement mutual understanding and friendship between the two peoples.

SHANGHAI: In a fresh sign of China¡¯s financial strength, a leap in the shares of Industrial & Commercial Bank of China Monday made it the world¡¯s biggest bank by market capitalisation, overtaking US giant Citigroup. ICBC¡¯s Shanghai-listed A shares surged 2.68% to 5.75 yuan, giving it a market capitalisation of 4bn, according to Reuters calculations. That exceeded the 1bn capitalisation of Citigroup, previously the world¡¯s biggest bank, when its shares closed at .73 in New York on Friday. HSBC Holdings was in third place with 5bn. Shares in ICBC, which listed in Shanghai and Hong Kong last October, have gained 15% this month on the back of a rally in China¡¯s booming stock market as well as strong growth in the bank¡¯s own earnings. Weakness in Citigroup¡¯s share price, and appreciation of the yuan against the dollar have also shifted market values in favour of ICBC. But some analysts believe ICBC¡¯s ballooning capitalisation may also be a sign of a dangerously overheated Shanghai stock market as speculating Chinese investors pour money into shares. ICBC, a state-controlled behemoth which is trying to modernise a creaky branch network operating almost entirely inside China, reported income of bn last year. Citigroup, one of the world¡¯s most sophisticated financial institutions with operations around the globe, reported income almost four times as large, at bn. ICBC¡¯s share price yesterday valued it at 28 times analysts¡¯ forecasts for its earnings per share in 2007, far above 11 times for Citigroup and an average of 16 times for major global banks, according to Reuters Estimates. ¨C Reuters