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WASHINGTON, June 2 (Xinhua) -- When humans see red, their reactions become both faster and more forceful, according to a new study published this week in the U.S. bimonthly journal Emotion.The findings may have applications for sporting and other activities in which a brief burst of strength and speed is needed, such as weightlifting. But the authors caution that the color energy boost is likely short-lived.The study measured the reactions of students in two experiments. In the first, 30 fourth-through-10th graders pinched and held open a metal clasp. Right before doing so, they read aloud their participant number written in either red or gray crayon. In the second experiment, 46 undergraduates squeezed a handgrip with their dominant hand as hard as possible when they read the word "squeeze" on a computer monitor. The word appeared on a red, blue, or gray background.In both scenarios, red significantly increased the force exerted, with participants in the red condition squeezing with greater maximum force than those in the gray or blue conditions. In the handgrip experiment, not only the amount of force, but also the immediacy of the reaction increased when red was present.The colors in the study were precisely equated in hue, brightness, and chroma (intensity) to insure that reactions were not attributable to these other qualities of color."Red enhances our physical reactions because it is seen as a danger cue," explains coauthor Andrew Elliot, professor of psychology at the University of Rochester and a lead researcher in the field of color psychology. "Humans flush when they are angry or preparing for attack," he explains. "People are acutely aware of such reddening in others and it's implications."But threat is a double-edged sword, argue Elliot and coauthor Henk Aarts, professor of psychology at Utrecht University, in the Netherlands. Along with mobilizing extra energy, "threat also evokes worry, task distraction, and self-preoccupation, all of which have been shown to tax mental resources," they write in the paper.In earlier color research, exposure to red has proven counterproductive for skilled motor and mental tasks: athletes competing against an opponent wearing red are more likely to lose and students exposed to red before a test perform worse.

BERLIN, June 17 (Xinhua) -- German authority said on Friday first case of human spreading deadly E. coli is detected, as death toll increases to 39 worldwide.A woman working in a kitchen of a catering company was infected by E. coli from sprouts, though she didn't fall ill immediately, said Harald Kehlborn, a spokesman for the consumer protection ministry of German state Hesse.Then she spread E. coli unconsciously to another 20 people through the food she prepared, said Kehlborn.The woman later developed serious complication of hemolytic- uremic syndrome (HUS), which causes failure of kidney and nervous system.According to the data of the Robert Koch Institute, Germany's national disease control centre, the number of people who are infected has reached 3,408 in Germany and 798 people have fallen into HUS, while the infection speed is slowing down.

PARIS, Aug. 19 (Xinhua) -- Marine scientists and representatives from the private sector and military establishments would meet at UNESCO at the end of this month to measure noise's impact on marine life, the Paris-based UN scientific branch UNESCO said Friday.The main agenda of the meeting, which is due from Aug. 30 to Sep. 1, was to discuss the program of the International Quiet Ocean Experiment (IQOE)."This decade-long project aims to fill the considerable knowledge gaps in this area, so that management of ocean noise can be more informed and effective," UNESCO said in a statement.The Quiet Ocean Experiments was initiated against the background that human activities on the high seas have increased significantly in recent decades, and resulted in impact upon many marine species relying mainly on sound to communicate.However, some sounds are suspected to alter the behavior of marine animals. For example, several whale species have raised the volume of the squeaks, clicks and moans by which they communicate with each other.The experiment is organized by the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) and the Partnership for Observation of the Global Oceans (POGO), of which UNESCO's Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) is a member.

CANBERRA, Sept. 23 (Xinhua) -- A genetic study on Friday found Aboriginal Australians are descended from the first people to leave Africa up to 75,000 years ago.Researchers from the University of Western Australia, Murdoch University and an international team analyzed genetic material of a 100-year-old West Australian Aboriginal man's hair, and found he was directly descended from a migration out of Africa into Asia.The study revealed that Australian Aboriginal ancestors split from the first modern human populations to leave Africa, between 64,000 and 75,000 years ago, at least 24,000 years before other human migrations.According to Dr. Joe Dortch, an archaeologist at the University of Western Australia, the discovery rewrites the history of the human species by confirming humans moved out of Africa in waves of migrations rather than in one single out-of-Africa diaspora.It also rewrites the story about how Aborigines arrived in Australia some 50,000 years ago."So far there are no [archaeological] sites that are over 50, 000 years old so it puts a time limit on that and focuses our future efforts," he said in a statement released on Friday.Dr. Dortch believes the finding will foster a sense of pride in modern Australian Aborigines."No-one else in the world can say 'I am descended from people who have been here 75,000 years'."Associate Professor Darren Curnoe, leader of the Human Evolutionary Biology Lab in the School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences at the University of New South Wales, said the study powerfully confirms that Aboriginal Australians are one of the oldest living populations in the world, certainly the oldest outside of Africa."Australians are truly one of the world's great human populations and a very ancient one at that, with deep connections to the Australian continent and broader Asian region. About this now there can be no dispute," he told Xinhua in an email note.Meanwhile, Professor Alan Cooper, Director of the Australian Centre for Ancient DNA (ACAD) at the University of Adelaide, said while this is a major step forward, the key unresolved question remains the unique story of Aboriginal history within Australia, such as what has happened in those 50,000 years of life in the harsh Australian environment."Unfortunately, the information from a single individual tells us very little about this fascinating, and critically important part of human history. Aborigines are one of the oldest continuous human populations outside Africa, as they note in the paper, and due to the geographic isolation and limited archaeological records remain one of the most mysterious chapters in human history," he told Xinhua on Friday.The study is published on Friday in the journal Science.Indigenous Australians are the original inhabitants of the Australian continent and nearby islands. They together make up more than 2.5 percent of Australia's population.

SHANGHAI, July 19 (Xinhua) -- Baidu Inc., the largest Chinese search engine based in Beijing, said Tuesday it closed a deal that allows the company to provide download services of music from Universal Music, Warner Music and Sony Music.According to the deal signed between Baidu and One Stop China (OSC), a joint venture of the three music companies, Baidu will pay them on a per-play and per-download basis for all tracks delivered through its MP3 server, said a press release provided by Baidu.Users can have access to the authorized music free of charge, and Chinese songs, both in Mandarin and Cantonese, and some global content provided by the three music companies will be included in the catalogue.Baidu also launched a social music platform called "Baidu ting!" through which users can obtain and share some music-related information and content.Li Xinzhe, CFO of Baidu, described the deal as a "milestone" that can benefit not only Baidu and its partners but also music lovers and the privacy-stricken industry.Wang Bin, secretary general of Copyright Union of Internet Society of China, predicted that it would have a demonstrative effect on the Internet sector.In 2008, Universal, Warner and Sony Music sued Baidu for at least 63.5 million yuan (9.8 million U.S. dollars) in copyright infringement.