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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The topic of voter fraud has been in the spotlight more than usual this election cycle, with President Donald Trump encouraging supporters to volunteer as poll watchers and tweeting about election-related fraud at least eight times in the last week.There are several categories of voter fraud, including ineligible voting by non-citizens or felons; or double voting, when someone illegally casts more than one ballot.Voter fraud is cheating by voters themselves, which is distinct from other forms of election malfeasance, and there have been dozens of studies aimed at measuring it over the last few years.There are essentially two types of academic research on voter fraud: studies that examine documented cases of voter fraud, such as ones mentioned in news articles or criminal prosecutions; and studies that try to predict how much fraud might be going undetected, using advanced statistics and artificial intelligence techniques.Pam Smith, the former president of the non-partisan Verified Voting Foundation, summarizes the research on documented voter fraud this way: “There's an infinitesimal amount of voter fraud where a voter is intentionally doing something fraudulent.”A 2007 study by the Brennan Center at New York University calculated the rate of voter fraud in three elections in the early 2000s at between 0.0003% to 0.0025%.The odds of being struck by lightning in a given year is 0.0002%.The Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank, keeps a database of known cases of voter fraud. It now has 1,298 examples.The examples date back to 1982 and cover both presidential and off-year contests. There were more than 1 billion votes cast in presidential contests alone during that span.But those are the known cases. What about undetected cases of voter fraud?This is an area of study called election forensics, where researchers use advanced statistics and machine learning to estimate irregularities.One study by researchers at Harvard and Stanford universities looked at voter registration data in the 2012 election and used algorithms to estimate that the maximum amount of double voting was .02%, or 1 out of every 4,000 ballots.But the researchers also showed that most, if not all, of these possible double votes, could have actually been innocent clerical errors. The researchers audited poll books in Philadelphia and found a 1% error rate; an error rate of 1.3% would be enough to explain all of the irregularities.There are other kinds of fraud, called election fraud, like the illegal ballot harvesting in North Carolina’s 9th District in 2018. But Smith, of Verified Voting, said those cases are actually easier to catch because they typically involve multiple people.In the very rare cases when they do happen, judges can order an election re-do.“Fraud on any kind of massive scale, as we've heard talked about, that doesn't happen,” Smith said. “And there are safeguards and guardrails in place to prevent it.”Smith said California’s guardrails include pre-election testing of voting machines and other equipment and audits after the election.California voters can also sign up for a free tool called “Where’s My Ballot?” The service will send automated alerts the moment your ballot is received and counted. 3270

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The Padres plan to walk into the 2021 season with a World Series pitcher on the roster, trading for Tampa Bay Rays ace Blake Snell.The deal, reported by The Athletic and ESPN, would see Snell head to San Diego in exchange for top pitching prospect Luis Pati?o, catcher Francisco Mejía, pitcher Cole Wilcox, and catcher Blake Hunt.The deal will be finalized pending a medical review, the outlets report. The addition of Snell to San Diego will help the team build a formidable starting pitching rotation heading into 2021, after adding Cleveland ace Mike Clevinger last season. Other Padres pitchers Dinelson Lamet, Chris Paddack, Zach Davies, and MacKenzie Gore also add strong arms to the mix.Snell, 28, went 4-2 with a 3.24 ERA in 11 starts in 2020, including a strong final appearance in Game 6 of the 2020 World Series allowing only two hits and one run with nine strikeouts in 5.1 innings.He went 2-2 with a 3.03 ERA in six starts during the 2020 playoffs. In 2018, Snell won the American League Cy Young Award with a 21-5 record and a 1.89 ERA.The Padres would see 21-year-old Pati?o head to Tampa Bay. The pitching prospect debuted for San Diego last season, appearing in 11 games and starting one. Though he struggled through 2020 at the MLB level, he had a 2.35 ERA and struck out 279 batters across three seasons in the minor leagues, including two starts at the Double-A level.Mejía has posted a .229 batting average in 116 games over three seasons for San Diego. 1501

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - The San Diego City Council voted 6-3 Monday on an option for regulating marijuana use in San Diego, now that it is legal.Council members chose between two options. The first would have allowed testing of marijuana and marijuana products in labs in industrial and commercial zones that prohibit residential use.The second option, which passed, will allow testing plus cultivation, distribution and production of marijuana with a permit.  The activities will be allowed in light and heavy industrial zones.San Diego Police Chief Shelley Zimmerman urged the council to enforce option one with the strictest of controls.  The Chief cited the 11 current dispensaries as a public safety concern."We've fielded 273 radio calls from those establishments so far this year, everything from violent robberies to a shooting and those calls will increase," Zimmerman said. 911

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - The San Diego County District Attorney’s office on Friday released body camera, surveillance, and cell phone video connected with two officer-involved shootings and three in-custody death incidents. The video is being released now as part of the DA's review of the incident.In each of the encounters, DA’s office investigators cleared the law enforcement parties of criminal wrongdoing. Lemon Grove One of the officer-involved shootings occurred at Del Taco at 7060 Broadway in Lemon Grove on Jan. 5. A witness said Adolfo Gonzalez pointed a gun at customers inside. When deputies arrived, they told Gonzalez to put his hands up but he immediately pulled a handgun from under the table and pointed it at deputies, the district attorney’s office said. All three deputies on the scene opened fire, killing Gonzalez. Investigators later determined that Gonzalez suffered from mental illness and had recently purchased a handgun. The day of the shooting, Gonzalez told a family member he wanted to get in a shoot-out with police, according to investigators. Gonzalez had a blood alcohol level of .25 at the time of his death. City Heights San Diego Police received calls in February about a partially nude man walking in traffic and falling down, possibly being struck by a vehicle. Officers arrived to find Lawayne Horne, 44, disoriented. A friend said Horne was under the influence of PCP. During their assessment, Horne fell on the pavement and struck his head, then began rolling around and screaming, investigators said. Horne began biting the flesh from his hands and fingers, according to the report. Officers placed Horne in handcuffs which were replaced by soft restraints when paramedics arrived. Horne went into cardiac arrest in the ambulance and died at the hospital a week later. The Medical Examiner determined Horne died of meth and PCP intoxication with hypertensive cardiovascular disease as a contributing factor. Little Italy The struggle between a man who ran naked through Little Italy in Oct. 2018 and San Diego Police was also reviewed. Witnesses reported seeing 39-year-old Vito Vitale running naked in the street. Police said Vitale was sweating profusely, very animated, and disoriented. An officer handcuffed him, at which point Vitale began struggling and the two fell to the sidewalk. Witnesses attempted to hold Vitale’s legs in place as two additional officers arrived. Vitale “exhibited significant strength, pushing one officer up with his legs,” investigators said. Vitale’s pulse weakened and his breathing became shallow as paramedics arrived. Vitale died later that night at UCSD Medical Center. Toxicology tests showed Vitale had cocaine and cannabinoids in his blood. The Medical Examiner determined his causes of death were the effects of cocaine and physiologic stress of restraint was a contributing factor. Del Mar Also reviewed by district attorney’s office investigators was the shooting of a man who fired into the air during the Ice Cube concert at the Del Mar Fairgrounds on Sept. 2, 2018. Prosecutors said Daniel Elizarraras was upset he could not get tickets to the sold-out concert and fired two rounds into the air near a ticket booth. The deputy deployed his Taser on Elizarraras with little effect, investigators said. After Elizarraras refused to drop his gun, a deputy saw him lower his weapon, at which point the deputy shot Elizarraras in the torso and shoulder, the district attorney’s office said. Elizarraras survived the shooting and later pleaded guilty, receiving a three-year prison term. Fallbrook Investigators examined evidence in the case of Marco Napoles-Rosales, 29, after he trespassed on the property of a Fallbrook Circle K in August 2018. A deputy who tried to remove Napoles-Rosales said he became combative, biting down on the deputy’s thumb and not letting go. A deputy used a Taser on Napoles-Rosales without effect. He was placed in a safety restraint known as a wrap. Paramedics arrived and said Napoles-Rosales was showing signs of excited delirium and extreme strength, investigators said. Napoles-Rosales became unresponsive in the ambulance and died the next day at the hospital. An autopsy showed he died due to sudden cardiopulmonary arrest associated with meth intoxication and physical exertion during restraint. 4325

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Three rescued pilot whales have been transported to San Diego to continue their recovery from a mass stranding in 2012.SeaWorld San Diego welcomed 7-year-old short-finned pilot whales — Ace, Ava, and Piper — to the park Monday from SeaWorld's Orlando park. The three whales are the only surviving pilot whales from a mass stranding event near Fort Pierce, Fla., in 2012.The trio was rescued and rehabilitated by SeaWorld Orlando, but the National Marine Fisheries Service determined the three whales couldn't be returned to the wild since they were dependent calves at the time of their rescue.The whales will also join Argo, a pilot whale rescued after stranding on a beach near Kamogawa, Japan, in 2004. Argo was transported from Japan to San Diego in 2012.The new pilot whales are currently adjusting to their new habitat at the Dolphin Amphitheater and will be introduced to Argo over the next several days, SeaWorld says.As part of the transport, two of SeaWorld San Diego's beluga whales have been relocated to SeaWorld San Antonio. 1065