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SAN DIEGO (KGTV)-- Protests around the nation have put police officers' less-lethal use-of-force under the microscope. A criminal justice professor explained the protocols taught in the Police Academy, and what is considered appropriate and excessive.La Mesa Police used tear gas against riotous protestors rushing Police Headquarters on May 30, 2020."These are things that are designed to get people's attention, to shock them, to say get back," former El Cajon police officer and now criminal justice professor, Kevin LaChapelle said.If the violent protestors disperse, LaChapelle said these less-lethal weapons are serving their purpose. He said in the Police Academy officers are taught to face threats using the "Force +1" method."If somebody is presenting a particular level of force towards me, I can respond with that force and then one more level to basically control the situation."According to the National Institute of Justice, there are five basic levels of "use-of-force" to diffuse a situation.1. It begins with officer presence, in which there is no use of force.2. Then come verbal commands, such as an officer asking for identification or telling someone to 'Stop!'3. The next level is empty-hand control, where an officer could grab, hold a person.4. Then come the less-lethal methods, including a baton, taser, projectile, sound, or chemical sprays.5. The last resort is lethal force or the use of a firearm.LaChappelle said officers primarily use projectiles to control riots. Pepper bullets are normally deployed onto the ground, and when they skid, they emit an uncomfortable spray. Sound, light, or rubber bullets are aimed at or below a person's torso, which can cause bruises. The same go with beanbags, which can be filled with anything from styrofoam to harder materials."When people say, 'This is too uncomfortable, and I can't handle this. I'm going to stop. I'm going to leave,' that is what you're hoping for," LaChapelle said.But to avoid these violent clashes, LaChapelle believes it is crucial to build relationships and dialogue between departments and the community."Lawlessness isn't the answer, but there has to be reform because what's worked in the past does not work for the future," LaChapelle said.ABC10News asked the La Mesa Police Department for its exact protocols for the use of projectiles during violent riots. They sent us a link to their less-lethal weapons manual. Its philosophy states: 2448

SAN DIEGO (KGTV)- For the first time in decades, NASA is moving closer to sending people to the moon, or even Mars. Naval Base San Diego is playing a key role in that process.This week the USS John P. Murtha left Naval Base San Diego to test recovery efforts of NASA’s mock Orion capsule.“We’re going to ensure that once it comes down, once it hits that water, that everything from then on is totally safe,” says Retired Navy Pilot and President of the San Diego Air & Space Museum Jim Kidrick.The amphibious ship sends a crew into the Pacific Ocean, then uses smaller boats to guide the capsule back to the USS Murtha.The Orion has an environmental control system, a heat shield that can withstand 4,000 degrees Fahrenheit, radiation control and parachutes. NASA says the first recovery test aboard the USS Murtha was a success.“By the time they put people in that capsule its going to work flawlessly.” Naval Base San Diego will be removing the Orion test model from the USS Murtha and putting in on display tomorrow.10News will be there to give you a personal look at the capsule. 1095

SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — Major changes to the way people vote has election advocates on edge as Californians cast ballots in the Democratic presidential contest and other primary races. The “Super Tuesday” primary in the country's most populous state comes amid changes aimed at expanding voter participation, including new voting equipment and vote centers that are replacing polling places in some counties. Those changes may confuse some people. There are fears California might end up with a mess much worse than Iowa, where the Democratic Party couldn't declare a winner for several days. Advocates say voters are hanging onto their ballots, which will likely mean long lines Tuesday. 694

SAN DIEGO, Calif. (KGTV) -- Homeless people in San Diego woke up Tuesday morning to find San Diego Police officers going street by street, offering resources.  Police officers lined the streets of the East Village. They were going street by street approaching the homeless in their tents. At one point there were at least eight patrol cars on one block.  SDPD says their efforts are a part of their ongoing outreach to let the homeless know about the resources available to them in hopes of ending the cycle of homelessness.  Most of the homeless received warnings about their property blocking the street or other violations. A few were detained for previous violations. One person was arrested for an outstanding felony warrant. Two people were transported to county mental health. Officers were also letting people know about the new bathrooms installed by the city in hopes of stopping the spread of Hepatitis A.  965

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - For the first time, homes that are built out of shipping containers are coming to San Diego. In a 10News exclusive report, the developers spoke to reporter Jennifer Kastner about how this could be a housing solution for thousands of San Diegans who are struggling to make it in San Diego. 320