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NFL officials, from left, umpire Barry Anderson, side judge Anthony Jeffries, down judge Julian Mapp, referee Jerome Boger, back judge Greg Steed, field judge Dale Shaw (104), line judge Carl Johnson (101) pose for a photo before an NFL football game between the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and the Los Angeles Rams Monday, Nov. 23, 2020, in Tampa, Fla. The game is the first in NFL history to feature an all African-American officiating crew. 444
NEW YORK — The year 2020 will go down as the deadliest in U.S. history, with deaths topping 3 million for the first time.It's due mainly to the coronavirus pandemic that has already killed more than 318,000 Americans and counting.Final mortality data for this year will not be available for months. But preliminary data suggest that the nation is on track to see more than 3.2 million deaths this year, or at least 400,000 more than in 2019.The increase would be about 15%, and possibly more. As a percentage increase, that would mark the largest single-year jump since 1918.That year, The Associated Press found deaths rose 46% compared to 1917, largely due the thousands of soldiers who died in World War I and the hundreds of thousands of Americans who died during the Spanish flu pandemic. 801

New research suggests that antibodies the immune system makes to fight the new coronavirus may only last a few months in people with mild illness, but that doesn’t mean protection also is gone or that it won’t be possible to develop an effective vaccine.“Infection with this coronavirus does not necessarily generate lifetime immunity,” but antibodies are only part of the story, said Dr. Buddy Creech, an infectious disease specialist at Vanderbilt University. He had no role in the work, published Tuesday in the New England Journal of Medicine.The immune system remembers how to make fresh antibodies if needed and other parts of it also can mount an attack, he said.Antibodies are proteins that white blood cells called B cells make to bind to the virus and help eliminate it. The earliest ones are fairly crude but as infection goes on, the immune system becomes trained to focus its attack and to make more precise antibodies.Dr. Otto Yang and others at the University of California, Los Angeles, measured these more precise antibodies in 30 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and four housemates presumed to have the disease. Their average age was 43 and most had mild symptoms.Researchers found that the antibodies had a half-life of 73 days, which means that half of them would be gone after that much time. It dovetails with a previous report from China also suggesting antibodies quickly fade.The results “call for caution regarding antibody-based ‘immunity passports,’ herd immunity, and perhaps vaccine durability,” the California authors write.That’s true, Creech said, but other parts of the immune system also help confer protection. Besides churning out antibodies, B cells develop a memory so they know how to do that again if needed.“They would get called into action very quickly when there’s a new exposure to the virus. It’s as if they lie dormant, just waiting,” he said.Other white blood cells called T cells also are better able to attack the virus the next time they see it, Creech said.Although circulating antibodies may not last long, what we need to know is if and how people remake antibodies if exposed to the coronavirus again and if they protect against another infection, Alison Criss, an immunologist at the University of Virginia, wrote in an email. “We also need to know if there is a protective T cell response” that reappears.Vaccines, which provoke the immune system to make antibodies, might give longer-lasting protection than natural infection because they use purified versions of what stimulates that response, she noted.Creech agreed.“This shouldn’t dissuade us from pursuing a vaccine,” he said. “Antibodies are only a part of the story.”___Marilynn Marchione can be followed on Twitter at http://twitter.com/MMarchioneAP___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 2967
NIAGARA FALLS, N.Y. — Since the 1800s, many daredevils have tried to conquer Niagara Falls in a variety of ways.While some had success, like Nick Wallenda who walked across the Falls on a tightrope in 2012, others did not survive.Kirk Jones is one of those who died in his attempt.Jones got notoriety in 2003 when he survived a jump over the Horseshoe Falls wearing no protective equipment. 398
NEW YORK CITY -- Diners at a restaurant in New York City are requesting bubbles. But not the kind of bubbles to float away on, or to drink.Cafe du Soleil has created bubble seating for its customers. The Alvantor bubbles are plastic and can zip open or closed on two sides. There is plenty of room for a table of four inside."People love it. It's very supple. It's very cozy," owner Alain Chevreax said.He started preparing for cold weather early."I ordered the first bubble in July to try out because I was already thinking about the fall weather," Chevreax said.The restaurant now has 16 bubble tables.Cafe du Soleil is one of thousands of New York City restaurants struggling to stay afloat due to the COVID-19 pandemic.Chevreaux said he hopes the bubbles keep diners warm and dry as the temperature drops. He estimated the bubbles will be useful until the temperature goes below 45 degrees."Now people are aware of the bubble and when they make a reservation they say, 'Can we have a bubble?' I say, 'Of course you can have a bubble,'" Chevreaux said.In addition to comfort, customers Alfred and Barbara MacAdam said they like that they're protected from other people's germs."It also helps the restaurant bring more people in because you are enclosed and therefore protected," Alfred MacAdam said.While Cafe du Soleil has a plan to supplement indoor dining, which begins in New York on Sept. 30 at 25% capacity, many city restaurants do not.Despite the start of the fall season on Tuesday, Andrew Rigie, of the New York City Hospitality Alliance, said the city still has not given restaurants guidance on heat lamps."We have really been pushing the city, saying these small business owners need an opportunity to plan,” Rigie said. “Are you going to allow propane, which they can't currently use? Can they use electric?"Rigie said he hopes the state will eventually allow New York City restaurants to increase indoor dining to 50% capacity. But until then, restaurants are doing the best they can.This story originally reported by Allison Kaden on PIX11.com. 2072
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