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Their youthful brains were developing normally, with no signs of developmental, psychological or neurological problems. None had ever had a concussion. But by the end of a single football season, 24 children between the ages of 9 and 18 who had more frequent impacts to the head showed signs of damage to brain development, new research says."Repetitive head impact exposure may have a cumulative effect in the rapidly developing brains of youth and high school football players," said study co-author Gowtham Krishnan Murugesan, a radiology research assistant at UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, adding that the results mirror other recent findings.The study outfitted 60 youth and high school football players who had no history of head trauma or developmental issues with a head impact telemetry system that measures the magnitude, location and direction of impacts to the head. The researchers were not looking at whether the impact resulted in a concussion, only that impact occurred.The children were sorted into two categories: high cumulative head impact players (24) and low cumulative head impact players (36).Before beginning to play, each child had a resting state functional scan, known as an fMRI; the scans were repeated at the end of football season. The researchers were trying to see how exposure to repetitive hits affects the normal "pruning" process in the brain that occurs during adolescence."Pruning is an essential part of brain development," Murugesan said, comparing the process to how a tree needs to have dead or unneeded branches cut to keep it healthy and allow it to grow."Disruption in normal pruning has been shown to be related to weaker connections between different parts of the brain," he said.After comparing the functional MRI results to the player's level of impact, the researchers found that youth in the high-impact group had damage to their brains' pruning process after one season."Our study has found a significant decrease in gray matter pruning in the frontal default mode network, which is involved in higher cognitive functions, such as the planning and controlling of social behaviors, " Murugesan said.Although the "teenage years are a critical time for brain development, brain remodeling or synaptic pruning, this was a short-term study and did not follow the players longitudinally over several years. We don't really know the full application," said Dr. Julian Bailes, director of neurosurgery and co-director of the NorthShore University HealthSystem Neurological Institute, who was not involved in the research.Weill Cornell neurologist Dr. Richard Isaacson, who was also not involved in the study, called the research "early" and said the results don't necessarily "translate to a clinical or cognitive outcome." More research is needed to see whether the decline in brain pruning permanently affected the child's cognitive function or whether the brain's natural plasticity allowed it to repair itself."I would call this a pilot study," Isaacson said. "The call to action would be that we need more robust longitudinal studies with a pre- and a post-assessment of more than brain imaging. The study should also measure cognitive and neurological function and look for changes."As we learn more about the issue, Isaacson said, parents should do everything they can to limit contact in sports, "especially in practice before games, where studies show the majority of contact occurs." 3464
Things at grocery stores seem relatively calm now, in comparison to how it was back in March. Remember the toilet paper fiasco?But as we hear talk about another wave of coronavirus infections, some are wondering if grocery supplies will take another hit.We went to experts who track grocery data. They say what we saw earlier this year was historic.“Those mid-March weeks were the largest we've seen in the history of grocery shopping. I don't expect to ever see big waves like that again,” said Anne-Marie Roerink, President of 210 Analytics.People first stocked up on just cleaning items and then they started stocking up on all types of items, including pantry foods and that precious commodity – toilet paper.Roerink says that while it is possible people will stockpile again later this year, toilet paper may not be on the list. Cleaning items may become hard to find again. The timing of all this really depends on the virus and how cases evolve.“Should it come down to where the virus is big enough of a wave or we might go back down to a shelter in place, or where people feel more safe at home than they do out and about, I can see where our grocery spending will go back up,” said Roerink.Earlier this year, holidays like Mother’s Day and Father’s Day actually contributed to the clearing of grocery shelves. They’re typically holidays where we go out to eat, but that wasn't really an option in most places. So, people had to improvise.“All of a sudden, retail had to absorb all those dollars to take care of mom and cook her a fun brunch or dinner, so we had an enormous peak again for Mother's Day and Father's Day,” said Roerink.That means holidays like Thanksgiving and Christmas could change how things work out at the grocery store as well.Generally, supply and demand has started to normalize, but grocery sales are still about 10% higher than what they normally are. Though, prices could still change depending on the demand. 1952

They are all the rage right now, they help you find your family's history. "We've always wondered about the validity of my dad's side of the family and their claims about where we're from."Elizabeth Makos is as curious as we all are. "So we think we are half Italian, quarter Czechoslovakian and a quarter polish."She agreed to help put these DNA tests, to the test. Makos gave saliva samples three times, one for Ancestry DNA, 23 and Me and MyHeritage. We sealed them up and sent them off and waited about 6 weeks.We got her results back and here's what Makos thought of them."It's shocking. It is really shocking. I can't imagine what technology they employ to get these results," she said.It's shocking because her results were all over the place. When it comes to Eastern Europe, Ancestry said she was 49 percent Eastern European, but 23 and me and MyHeritage only put the percentage in the high 20s. "When we look at it for example, it says the Balkans here… one says 34 percent and one says 18 percent. A bit of a discrepancy there."Makos thought for sure she is 50 percent Italian. 23 and me and MyHeritage says she's closer to 30 percent. She even had some North African DNA."I would love to know," Makos said about having North African DNA. "I know I get really tan in the summer but I didn't know I got that tan… who knows."The companies don't claim to be perfectly accurate, and use different algorithms. MyHeritage told us in a Skype interview, it maps more parts of the globe that other companies."MyHeritage DNA has 42 ethnic regions with percentages and that's the most on the market, Rafi Mendelsohn, spokesperson for MyHeritage said."Mendelsohn encourages you to read the fine print including what companies might do with your DNA profile after testing."Personal information provided to MyHeritage is never sold, licensed or shared with any third parties, he said." Both Ancestry DNA and 23 and Me say your DNA could be used for medical research by its "partners" after your name has been stripped out. Peter Pitts, a former FDA associate commissioner said, watch out."Companies will tell you that they may sell the information but nobody can find you," Pitts said. "And that's not true. There's been studies done at Harvard for example where a couple of professors got genetic information that was supposedly anonymous and was able to figure out who the people were through very easy mechanisms."He says the results shouldn't be taken as gospel and companies say don't use the findings to make medical decisions. "People need to understand that what they're getting back is an interesting snapshot not necessarily accurate or clinically relevant," Pitts said. Makos said she's telling her friends to use the tests only for fun."I'm glad we did this because I probably would have just taken one test on my own and completely trusted the results. This was very eye opening for sure." 2972
This is video of Friday morning's explosion recorded by an MNPD camera at 2nd Ave N & Commerce St. pic.twitter.com/3vaXhoUOAR— Metro Nashville PD (@MNPDNashville) December 28, 2020 202
Today, @CMSGov has posted the second set of #COVID19 nursing home data – directly reported by nursing homes to the @CDCgov. You can view the updated numbers here: https://t.co/yBuyEyaM0u— Administrator Seema Verma (@SeemaCMS) June 18, 2020 247
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