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Each winter, many people wonder whether its worth getting a flu shot while health officials repeatedly warn against not getting one.Now a new study sheds light on the benefit of doing so. Even when the flu shot is just 20% effective it can still reduce US doctor visits due to illness by an estimated 20 million in a single year, the new report published in the scientific journal PNAS (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States) finds.In addition, vaccination also can prevent thousands of hospitalizations and deaths, the study authors estimated based on the average vaccination coverage rate in the United States."Getting vaccinated against influenza is beneficial to the individual and to the community even when the vaccine is of relatively low efficacy," said Burton H. Singer, co-author of the study and an adjunct professor for the Emerging Pathogens Institute at University of Florida in Gainesville.Caused by viruses, flu is a contagious respiratory illness with mild to severe symptoms that can sometimes lead to death. The flu virus evolves rapidly and new viruses circulate in different parts of the world, so each year scientists must reformulate the vaccine. Add to that an imperfect manufacturing process and even a 'good match' formulation may not be as effective as scientists would like.In fact, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated just 36% effectiveness for the 2017-18 seasonal vaccine as of February 3. (The season ends in May.)For the new study, Singer and his colleagues created a mathematical model of flu transmission and vaccination to evaluate how much illness is prevented by even a very low effectiveness flu vaccine. The research team found that at the average rate of US coverage even a poor vaccine would prevent a significant amount of illnesses, hospitalizations and deaths.For example, at just 43% coverage (the average rate of Americans who received a flu shot for the years 2012 through 2017), a vaccine with just 20% effectiveness could avert more than 20 million infections or illnesses as compared to not getting the vaccine. In addition, 129,000 hospitalizations and 61,000 deaths could be prevented.Based on the model, if more people got a flu shot, say half of the US population, the same 20% effective flu shot would prevent an additional 3.63 million infections, 21,987 hospitalizations and 8,479 deaths."When a vaccine is fully effective on 50% or more of the people who are vaccinated, you need to primarily focus on vaccinating young children," said Singer. The reason? Children are still building immunity and they pass germs around at school."As efficacy of the vaccine decreases, it becomes increasingly important for the elderly to be vaccinated in addition to young children," said Singer, since the elderly are more likely to develop complications from the flu, such as pneumonia, which can be deadly.The CDC reported a total of 160 flu-related deaths in children and 30,064 flu-related hospitalizations overall?between October 1, 2017 and April 21, 2018. The highest rate of hospitalization occurred among adults 65 years old and older.Richard Webby, a flu scientist who is part of the World Health Organization's advisory board and a member of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital's Department of Infectious Diseases, said "effectiveness estimates go up and down based on a number of factors including match of vaccine and circulating strain and probably other factors we don't fully understand.""The take home message from the past few seasons is that there is much room for improvement," said Webby, who was not involved in the research.Still, more people, particularly the elderly, need to get vaccinated even when the vaccine effectiveness is lower than hoped, Webby said: "This study suggests that even with a less than optimal vaccine there is still much public health benefit that can be achieved if these are used properly and widely." 3992

EL CAJON, Calif. (KGTV) -- Despite the pandemic, the 74th annual Mother Goose Parade continues in 2020, although it may look a bit different.This year, the parade and all of its sights and sounds have gone completely virtual for the first time. The parade's theme, "A Whole New World," couldn't be more true, but fans of the El Cajon tradition can expect the same holiday magic they've come to enjoy year after year.Take a walk through the parade's history, floats and balloons, and more surprises as we kick off the holiday season in San Diego County with the virtual edition of the Mother Goose Parade. Watch the virtual parade in the player below: 659

EL CAJON (KGTV) -- Investigators are gathering clues to determine what caused a deadly single-car crash along a major roadway in El Cajon early Friday morning.The crash was reported at around 2:20 a.m. Friday by witnesses traveling to nearby pharmacy on Fletcher Parkway near Navajo Road. The witnesses, a woman and her young daughter, called 9-1-1 after discovering a wrecked white SUV fully engulfed in flames. According to El Cajon Police, the driver was heading westbound on Fletcher Parkway when they stuck a tree. The SUV immediately caught fire.The woman and other good Samaritans tried to pull the driver out of the burning vehicle.Crews arrived and also tried to rescue the trapped motorist but the victim died in the blaze.No information about the victim has been released at this time.Both directions of Fletcher Parkway near Navajo Road were closed as of 6 a.m. while officials continue their investigation. 928

Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said on Tuesday that he will celebrate his 80th birthday virtually through a Zoom call.Fauci turns 80 on Thursday, and has been working long hours as the federal government’s leading infectious disease expert amid the coronavirus pandemic. In an interview with CNN’s Wolf Blitzer, Fauci said he normally spends his birthday with his daughters.With the coronavirus pandemic still spreading through the US, Fauci will only be spending the milestone in person with his wife.Fauci’s birthday comes one day before Christmas. He is following the type of advice he has been giving to Americans amid the holidays. The US is averaging more than 2,500 coronavirus-related deaths and is still battling a surge spurred by Thanksgiving gatherings.“I am going to practice what I am preaching to my fellow Americans in this country,” Fauci told Blitzer. “I am going to do something that is quite modified from what I had done traditionally. I am going to have a quiet dinner in my home with my wife. I would love to have my three daughters who are on different parts of the country, different states that would have to fly in for the most part. We are going to do a Zoom together. We are going to be talking to each other and toasting each other.”Fauci cautioned that people should avoid traveling during the holidays.“This type of travel is risky,” Fauci said. “Particularly if people start congregating, when they get to their destination in larger crowds in indoor settings, I'm afraid that if in fact we see this happen, we will have a surge that's superimposed upon the difficult situation we are already. And so it could be a very difficult January coming up. If these things happen.”In the District of Columbia, Thursday has been proclaimed “Dr. Anthony S. Fauci Day” by mayor Muriel Bowser.“We are incredibly proud to count Dr. Fauci among the many DC residents who are sacrificing so much to keep our communities healthy and safe,” Bowser said. 2036

EL CENTRO, Calif. -- The four Marines who died in a Marine Corps helicopter crash during a training mission in El Centro Tuesday have been identified.Military officials say Capt. Samuel A. Schultz, 28, of Huntington Valley, Pennsylvania; First Lt. Samuel D. Phillips, 27, of Pinehurst, North Carolina; Gunnery Sgt. Derik Holley, 33, of Dayton, Ohio; and Lance Cpl. Taylor J. Conrad, 24, of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, all died in the crash.According to officials, the CH-53E Stallion helicopter took off from the Strategic Expeditionary Landing Field at Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine Palms to conduct squadron training.RELATED:  671

来源：资阳报