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Scans of the lungs of the sickest COVID-19 patients show distinctive patterns of infection, but so far those clues offer little help in predicting which patients will pull through. For now, doctors are relying on what’s called supportive care that’s standard for severe pneumonia.Doctors in areas still bracing for an onslaught of sick patients are scouring medical reports and hosting webinars with Chinese doctors to get the best advice on what works and what hasn’t.One thing that’s clear around the globe: Age makes a huge difference in survival. And one reason is that seniors’ lungs don’t have as much of what geriatrics expert Dr. Richard Baron calls reserve capacity.“At age 18, you have a lot of extra lung capacity you don’t use unless you’re running a marathon,” explained Baron, who heads the American Board of Internal Medicine. That capacity gradually declines with age even in otherwise healthy people, so “if you’re an old person, even a mild form can overwhelm your lungs if you don’t have enough reserve.”Here’s what scientists can say so far about treating those who become severely ill.HOW DOES COVID-19 HARM THE LUNGS?The new coronavirus, like most respiratory viruses, is spread by droplets from someone’s cough or sneeze. The vast majority of patients recover, most after experiencing mild or moderate symptoms such as fever and cough. But sometimes the virus makes its way deep into the lungs to cause pneumonia.Lungs contain grapelike clusters of tiny air sacs called alveoli. When you breathe, oxygen fills the sacs and passes straight into blood vessels that nestle alongside them. Pneumonia occurs when an infection -- of any sort, not just this new virus -- inflames the lungs’ sacs. In severe cases they fill with fluid, dead cells and other debris so oxygen can’t get through.If other countries have the same experience as China, about 5% of COVID-19 patients could become sick enough to require intensive careHOW DOES THAT DAMAGE APPEAR?Doctors at New York’s Mount Sinai Health System analyzed 121 chest CT scans shared by colleagues in China and spotted something unusual.Healthy lungs look mostly black on medical scans because they’re full of air. An early infection with bacterial pneumonia tends to show up as a white blotch in one section of one lung. Pneumonia caused by a virus can show up as hazy patches that go by a weird name -- “ground glass opacities.”In people who get COVID-19 pneumonia, that haze tends to cluster on the outside edge of both lungs, by the ribs, a distinctive pattern, said Dr. Adam Bernheim, a radiologist at Mount Sinai.As infection worsens, the haze forms rounder clusters and gradually turns more white as the air sacs become increasingly clogged.HOW TO TREAT THE PNEUMONIA?There are no drugs so far that directly attack the new coronavirus, although doctors are trying some experimentally, including an old malaria treatment and one under development to treat Ebola.“The best treatment we have is supportive care,” said Dr. Aimee Moulin, an emergency care physician at the University of California Davis Medical Center.That centers around assistance in breathing when the oxygen levels in patients’ blood starts to drop. For some people, oxygen delivered through a mask or tubes in the nose is enough. More severely ill patients will need a breathing machine.“The goal is to keep the person alive until the disease takes its course” and the lungs begin to heal, explained Mount Sinai’s Dr. Neil Schachter.The very worst cases develop an inflammatory condition called ARDS -- acute respiratory distress syndrome — that floods the lungs with fluid. That’s when the immune system’s attempt to fight infection “is going crazy and itself attacking the lung,” Baron explained.Many things besides the coronavirus can cause the condition, and regardless of the cause, it comes with a high risk of death.WHAT ELSE IS IMPACTED?Severe pneumonia of any sort can cause shock and other organ damage. But in a webinar last week, Chinese doctors told members of the American College of Cardiology to watch for some additional problems in severe COVID-19, especially in people with heart disease. The worst off may need blood thinners as their blood starts to abnormally clot, and the heart itself may sustain damage not just from lack of oxygen but from the inflammation engulfing the body.Another caution: The sickest patients can deteriorate rapidly, something a hospital in Kirkland, Washington, witnessed.Of 21 patients who needed critical care at Evergreen Hospital, 17 were moved into the ICU without 24 hours of hospital admission, doctors reported last week in the 4639
SYDNEY, Australia – After months of devastating bushfires in Australia, it seems things have taken a turn for the better. The New South Wales Rural Fire Service 173

Republican Rep. Steve King, who has a lengthy history of incendiary comments related to race, favorably compared the response of his Iowan constituents, who are majority white, to recent severe flooding to the residents of New Orleans when Hurricane Katrina struck in 2005, who were majority black.Speaking at a 324
SAN DIEGO (AP) — Attorneys and judges in U.S. immigration courts are trying to protect themselves from the coronavirus with borrowed masks and hand sanitizer. The Trump administration is resisting calls from immigration judges and attorneys to stop in-person hearings and shutter all immigration courts. They say the most pressing hearings can still be done by phone so immigrants aren't stuck in detention indefinitely. The government has delayed hearings for immigrants who aren't in detention but is moving forward for those who are. Federal officials haven't ruled out a total shutdown but are closing specific courts and delaying hearings. They also say the court system encourages video conferencing when possible. 732
ST. LOUIS, Mo. — A St. Louis Man made a gruesome discovery while cleaning out his mother's apartment after she died. Adam Smith says he found a dead baby in her freezer, and it's apparently been there for several years. Smith said he has been living in the apartment and taking care of his mother, who passed away from cancer just a few days ago. He said his mother had kept the box, wrapped up tight, in their freezer for decades and always told him to stay away from it. After she passed away, he decided to open it. "There was a pink blanket, baby blanket, and when I reached down and touched it I could feel a foot," Smith told CNN. I could see the baby's head with hair, hair that was still attached to it, smooth."Police were called to the building early Sunday morning. They call the infant's death "suspicious."Smith told police that he never looked inside the box his mother kept wrapped in the freezer. He always thought it was a frozen wedding cake. Smith says his mother once told him that she lost a child at birth and that family members have told him that his mother had twins at one point, but lost one of the babies at birth. The second twin was allegedly given up for adoption. "Who absolutely keeps their own child in a box for this long and never talks about it and never, I just have so many thoughts and it's just insane," Smith said. Smith said he's distraught thinking about the possibility that the child may have been his sister and what his mother may have done to her. "I have to wait for the autopsy to see if that baby ever took a breath and I cannot help it, to think she might have done something to it. I just can't help it," Smith said. And now that his mother is gone, Smith said he wonders if he'll ever know the truth. "I wanted some kind of closure and I feel like I may never get any closure because my mom's gone," Smith said. The child's death remains under investigation. 1927
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