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The good news is Americans are getting COVID-19 test results back, on average, a day faster than they were over the summer. The troubling news, according to experts, is that it is still taking three days on average for Americans to find out their COVID-19 status and this is not quick enough to help with contact tracing and quarantine efforts to slow the spread.Researchers from several universities, including Harvard, Northeastern, Northwestern and Rutgers universities, have been collecting data and conducting surveys for months since the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic.“Prompt test results constitute the foundation of a successful COVID-19 containment strategy,” researchers state at the beginning of their paper.Data now shows, of the participants who got a test for the coronavirus in late September, the average wait time was 2.7 days.In early August, the group announced their survey data showed the average wait time nationwide was 4.1 days. More than 30 percent of participants reported, at the time, they didn’t get test results back until four days or longer.The percentage of people getting results within 24 hours is also increasing; the September survey showed 37 percent of people getting results back in one day, compared to 23 percent over the summer.“Rapid turnaround of testing for COVID-19 infection is essential to containing the pandemic. Ideally, test results would be available the same day. Our findings indicate that the United States is not currently performing testing with nearly enough speed,” researchers said.Disparities still exist for Americans who are Black or Hispanic. Although wait times are shorter for these groups as well compared to summer numbers, they are still, on average, a day or more longer than white test takers.In the latest survey, Black Americans reported waiting an average of 4.4 days for results, and Hispanics reported waiting 4.1 days. By comparison, white and Asian Americans reported wait times of 3.5 and 3.6 days on average, respectively.Also troubling for trying to control the spread of the coronavirus, the data shows how many of those who tested positive had some sort of conversation about contact tracing.“Only 56% of respondents who received a positive COVID-19 test say that they were contacted for the purpose of contact tracing,” the survey found.The survey talked to more than 52,000 people across all 50 states and the District of Columbia. 2434

The brother of an unarmed black man killed by police interrupted a Sacramento City Council meeting on Tuesday as chants of the victim's name filled the chambers, illustrating how the fatal shooting has sparked emotions in this California city."Stephon Clark. Stephon Clark," Stevante Clark and others chanted in the first meeting since the fatal shooting on March 18."Louder. Louder," said Stevante Clark, who hopped on the dais and yelled an expletive at Mayor Darrell Steinberg.Standing in front of the council chambers with others, Stevante Clark said: "The mayor and the city of Sacramento has failed all of you," citing high rent, gang violence and poverty in the city.The outburst forced council members to take a brief recess. 746

The Franklin Park Zoo announced its newest member of their family: a baby boy gorilla.On Tuesday, the zoo said the baby, who is the first male baby gorilla born at the zoo, was delivered via Cesarean section by veterinarians and physicians.The Zoo New England, which operates Franklin Park Zoo, said in a press release that Kiki needed the procedure after noticing that western lowland gorilla mom Kiki was experiencing vaginal bleeding days before her due date."The veterinary team at Zoo New England became concerned that she may have placenta previa, a condition where the placenta lies over the entrance to the cervix, blocking the path for delivery of the baby," zoo officials said in the release.After conducting an ultrasound on Kiki, which confirmed she had placenta previa, the zoo's veterinary team and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University specialists performed a C-section.And after a quick and smooth surgery, Kiki gave birth to a 6-pound baby boy. 1023

The colors of an autumn afternoon can be serene, brilliant and breathtaking.“As the days start getting shorter and the nights get longer, that's the cue that the trees get to change the foliage,” said climate scientist Astrid Caldas.That foliage requires a delicate dance of temperature and moisture to produce fall colors. It’s a dance potentially now in jeopardy due to climate change.“Because these things -- temperature and precipitation, rainfall -- are being affected, changed by climate, then the fall foliage can really get affected,” said Caldas, who is a senior climate scientist at the Union of Concerned Scientists, a nonprofit science organization.She said long-term shifting temperature trends and more rain will be disruptive to fall foliage in certain parts of the country.“We are seeing extreme precipitation increase, particularly in the Northeast and the Midwest,” Caldas said.That precipitation was evident in Minnesota, where people found themselves caught off-guard this year by an unusually early snowfall."I had to completely disassemble my fall leaf clean-up box and make sure my plow is still working,” said Greg Futchi, who is a landscape contractor. “We usually get all the leaves down before we see some snow, but not this year."All of that added moisture can lead to a shorter fall foliage season, Caldas said. Yet, repeated and ongoing droughts, like those seen in the western U.S., also bring their own set of problems to autumn leaves.“When it’s very dry, the colors get a little more muted also,” Caldas said. “So, drought can really kind of change completely the setup.”Scientists add that climate change isn’t just going to affect the ways leaves change their colors during the fall. It’s also going to potentially affect where those trees grow in the first place.“When the conditions start changing --like it's starting to get warmer further and further north--well, that's also a possibility that species are going to start migrating farther north,” Caldas said. “So, as different trees start moving to different areas, then the colors may change because the color depends on the tree.”That may mean having to travel farther north to see stunning red maples. It is a change that will be hard to stop unless action is taken on a global scale.“In the long run, if the countries and the whole world is not committed to really reducing emissions and changing to renewables and making that complete change, then it's going to be very hard for us not to see very drastic changes, because small changes are already happening,” Caldas said.Those changes are now encroaching on a time-honored spectacle, courtesy of Mother Nature. 2667

The Food and Drug Administration on Wednesday authorized the first rapid coronavirus test that doesn’t need any special computer equipment to get results.The 15-minute test from Abbott Laboratories will sell for , giving it a competitive edge over similar tests that need to be popped into a small machine. The size of a credit card, the self-contained test is based on the same technology used to test for the flu, strep throat and other infections.It’s the latest cheaper, simpler test to hit the U.S. market, providing new options to expand testing as schools and businesses struggle to reopen and flu season approaches. The FDA also recently greenlighted a saliva test from Yale University that bypasses some of the supplies that have led to testing bottlenecks.Both tests have limitations and neither can be done at home. Several companies are developing rapid, at-home tests, but none have yet won approval. Abbott’s new test still requires a nasal swab by a health worker, like most older coronavirus tests. The Yale saliva test eliminates the need for a swab, but can only be run at high-grade laboratories.And in general, rapid tests like Abbott’s are less accurate than lab-developed tests. The FDA said in a statement announcing the decision that negative results with Abbott’s test may need to be confirmed with a lab test in some cases. The agency granted Abbott’s test an emergency use authorization late Wednesday for patients with suspected COVID-19.The two additions should help expand the number of available tests. The U.S. is now testing about 690,000 people per day, down from a peak of 850,000 daily tests late last month. Many public health experts believe the country will soon need to test vastly more people to find those who are infected, isolate them and contain the virus.The FDA noted that Abbott’s test could be used in a doctor’s office, emergency room or some schools. “Given the simple nature of this test, it is likely that these tests could be made broadly available,” the FDA said.Since the start of the pandemic, nasal swab tests that are sent to a lab have been the standard for COVID-19 screening. While considered highly accurate, the tests rely on expensive, specialized machines and chemicals. Shortages of those supplies have led to repeated delays in reporting results, especially during a spike in cases last month.Government and health experts view rapid tests that can be run outside the laboratory system as key to boosting capacity.“Those screening tests are what we need in schools, workplaces and nursing homes in order to catch asymptomatic spreaders,” said Dr. Jonathan Quick of the Rockefeller Foundation, in an interview earlier this month. The nonprofit group has called for the U.S. to conduct about 4 millions per day by October, mostly rapid, point-of-care tests.Abbott’s BinaxNOW is the fourth rapid test that detects COVID-19 antigens, proteins found on the surface of the coronavirus, rather than the virus itself. It’s considered a faster, though sometimes less precise, screening method. The other tests need to be inserted into a small machine.Inside the Abbott test is a specially coated strip that interacts with COVID-19 antigens. The patient’s nasal swab is inserted into the card and a few drops of a chemical solution are added. Markings appear on the card to indicate whether the sample is positive or negative — much like a pregnancy test.Two other makers of antigen tests — Quidel and Becton Dickinson have said they haven’t been able to meet demand for the tests. A third, LumiraDx, plans to begin shipping its recently approved antigen tests by the end of this month. Abbott expects to begin shipping tests in September, reaching 50 million tests a month in October.The influx of antigen tests will go a long way toward meeting the Trump administration’s projection that 90 million COVID-19 tests a month will be available by September if needed. But U.S. “testing czar” Adm. Brett Giroir has stressed that the U.S. can contain the outbreak with far fewer tests.“That’s the capacity ... we do not need that many tests to safely and sensibly reopen,” Giroir told reporters on a recent call. He pointed to several key indicators that have been falling, including new infections and hospitalizations, even as testing has slowed.Earlier this month, the FDA authorized Yale’s saliva-based test, which is expected to cut the time and cost compared with similar tests. It’s the fifth COVID-19 saliva tests OK’d by regulators. All require lab processing.Developed by Yale’s School of Public Health, SalivaDirect can use any sterile container to collect a sample, not the special tube needed with earlier tests, and requires less chemicals. Outside experts welcomed the new approach but noted its limitations.“It’s not a rapid test, it’s a laboratory-based test that will still be prone to the same massive delays as any other test,” said Dr. Michael Mina of Harvard University.___Follow Matthew Perrone on Twitter: @ AP_FDAwriter.___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 5201