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 Two 250,000-year-old teeth from two Neanderthal children revealed that both of them were exposed to lead twice during their short lifetimes, the first known case of lead exposure in Neanderthals.An international team of researchers studied the two teeth, as well as one from a modern human child who lived 5,000 years ago. All of them are from the same archaeological site in southeast France. The results of their analysis were published Wednesday in the journal Science Advances."Traditionally, people thought lead exposure occurred in populations only after industrialization, but these results show it happened prehistorically, before lead had been widely released into the environment," said Christine Austin, study co-author and assistant professor in the Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. "Our team plans to analyze more teeth from our ancestors and investigate how lead exposures may have affected their health and how that may relate to how our bodies respond to lead today."And as with tree rings, researchers used the teeth to determine key events in the children's lives. During childhood, new teeth layers are formed each day, capturing chemical signatures that can be traced."Teeth record environmental variation based on the climate, even where you're growing up," said Tanya Smith, lead author of the study and associate professor at Griffith University. "That's possible because when you're growing, your teeth you actually lock in a record of the chemistry of the water and the food that you're eating and drinking. Because teeth have these tiny timelines, we can relate the chemistry to the growth to calculate ancient climate records. We can't do that with any other element of the body."They were able to determine that one of the Neanderthal children was born in the spring and that both children were more likely to be sick during the colder winter seasons. They lived through more extreme seasons with a greater variation in temperature than the modern human child who was also studied.The intact teeth had growth rings, which the researchers used to measure barium, lead and oxygen. Lasers targeted tiny spots in the teeth to map their chemistry and reconstruct ancient climate records. This reconstruction was able to map a weekly scale of variation, showing when the summer and winter seasons happened and how long they lasted. The researchers related this back to the individual's growth."This study reports a major breakthrough in the reconstruction of ancient climates, a significant factor in human evolution, as temperature and precipitation cycles influenced the landscapes and food resources our ancestors relied on," Smith said.The growth rings also provided evidence of nursing."We were able to identify milk intake through breastfeeding in one individual based on a trace element called barium," Smith said. "We were able to time that to the season."That individual nursed for 2? years, which is similar to modern human children who lived in hunter-gatherer environments. "This is something we may share in common with Neanderthals," Smith said. Unfortunately, although the Neanderthal child survived infancy, it did not reach adulthood. The ages of the children were not included in the study.The researchers believe that the children were exposed to lead environmentally, either inhaling or ingesting it."That must have come from natural deposits in the area, whether they were going into an underground environment or they were eating contaminated food that was incorporated into their growing bones and teeth," Smith said.Smith believes that this research emphasizes the different levels of information that can be taken from teeth."We've now got the ability to integrate ancient climate data with health history, nursing history and illness," she said. "To be able to get all that information from a single sample 250,000 years ago is a unique opportunity."But this doesn't just apply to studying those who lived before us."Dietary patterns in our early life have far-reaching consequences for our health, and by understanding how breastfeeding evolved, we can help guide the current population on what is good breastfeeding practice," said Manish Arora, study co-author and vice chairman of the Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health at the Icahn School of Medicine. "Our research team is working on applying these techniques in contemporary populations to study how breastfeeding alters health trajectories including those of neurodevelopment, cardiac health and other high-priority health outcomes." 4648

EL CAJON, Calif. (KGTV) - An El Cajon homeowner knew he had a bee problem but never expected the "massive" hive discovered in his backyard."It's pretty incredible," said Herb Herbert.He first noticed a few bees about two years ago in the back yard of his home on Primrose Drive."The bees were coming in and out of a small hole at the bottom of my shed," said Herbert.The vent hole is one of several that led to open spaces under his shed. Last winter, the bees seemed to go away, but they were back in the summer. Herbert was stung once while mowing the lawn."There were 20 to 30 bees buzzing outside at any time," said Herbert.Herbert had plans for some entertaining in the near future, so last week he hired Bee Nice Wildlife Management. They peeled back the wood flooring in one corner of the shed and discovered a 30-inch long, 70-pound hive, home to between 100,000 and 150,000 honey bees."I had no idea the scope of what was under there. It was massive and amazing. The bee guy said we were lucky, the bees were getting set to expand the hive," said Herbert.As the local bee season gets underway, Herbert calls that possibility mind-boggling. While honeybees are generally not aggressive, they can still be dangerous.The bee removal company was able to relocate the hive and the bees. They say the size of the hive is not an indication of what may lie ahead. Because it's been a slightly above average rainfall, the region is likely in store for a typical bee season. 1482

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Downtown San Diego is expected to get a significant addition. Holland Partner Group, a developer, headquartered in Vancouver, Washington released renderings of the development planned for 220 West Broadway, where the old San Diego Courthouse sits. The building is a 37 stories high, with 431 residential units along with office space and retail. "It's a lot of glass, it's exciting, it's sexy. It's going to be a real centerpiece for the middle of downtown San Diego," said Sumeet Parekh with Downtown San Diego Partnership. "It's one of the densest high rise buildings in San Diego; it's gonna hit almost the height limit for downtown which is about 500 feet." Parekh says there is a high demand to live and work in downtown, and space is scarce, so building up is something that is becoming more and more common. "There are a number of projects that are being built that is in this height," Parekh said. "There are several other projects in the area that are as tall if not bigger." According to permit applications, construction is expected to start in 2020 and finish by April 2023. 1121

With the Golden State Warriors facing elimination tonight in Game 5 of the NBA Finals, star forward Kevin Durant plans on playing when the ball is tipped shortly after 9 p.m. ET, ESPN reported. A league source told ESPN reporter Adrian Wojnarowski that Durant plans to play after injuring his right calf on May 8. The Warriors had no problem closing out their series against Houston before dispatching Portland without Durant, but have struggled against the Raptors, trailing 3-1 in the best-of-7 series. Officially, Durant is listed as "questionable" on the team's injury report. Even with Durant returning from injury, how many minutes he is able to play and how effective he can be is still a mystery. Durant practiced with the Warriors on Monday. On Sunday, Warriors coach Steve Kerr addressed Durant's possible return. "He's doing more today and then we'll know more after that," he said. "The game plan changes if Kevin is out there or if he's not. So you adapt accordingly. It changes matchups, it changes rotations, all that stuff. That's true all regular season you deal with that, so you're constantly adapting and adjusting according to who is available."Even a hobbled Durant will be welcomed by the Warriors. He is both the two-time reigning Finals MVP, and a 10-time All Star. 1303

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — A man was injured at a Valencia Park home after a small explosion that police say could be drug-related. San Diego Police responded to a home on the 700 block of Valencia Parkway and transported a 38-year-old man to the hospital. According to police, it appeared he was holding an object that exploded, causing shrapnel-type injuries to his face, chest, and arm. San Diego Fire-Rescue's Hazardous Materials team and a bomb squad were called to the scene. An investigation is ongoing as to what caused the explosion. Police said there was some evidence of materials that might be related to the manufacturing of narcotics found in the home, but could not confirm that was the cause of the blast. Police say it happened in the backyard area of the home. The man was alone at the time, though two children live in the house. Police did not clarify the man's relationship with the kids. The man has not been identified. He's expected to survive. No arrests were made. 994

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