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BEIJING, Nov. 19 (Xinhua) -- China's central bank Friday ordered banks to set aside an additional 0.5 percent of their deposits from Nov. 29, the fifth such hike this year and the second increase this month.The People's Bank of China said the move was aimed at "enhancing liquidity management and moderately regulating credit supply." The increase was estimated to freeze liquidity of about 300 billion yuan (44.8 billion U.S. dollars).The reserve requirement ratio (RRR) for the four big state-owned banks -- the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, China Construction Bank, Bank of China and Agricultural Bank of China -- will stand at 18.5 percent once the rise takes effect.Friday's move will raise the deposit reserve ratio for other large financial institutions to 18 percent and for small and medium-sized institutions to 16 percent.Analysts said the increase exceeded forecasts as it targeted over-liquidity in the banking system and looming hot money inflows caused by the United States' quantitative easing policy."The PBOC is under pressure, and it needs to do something to show its determination to tame inflation. However, it has no intention to kill growth by aggressively hiking interest rates or imposing a lending squeeze," said Lu Ting, China economist at the Bank of America-Merrill Lynch."Hiking the RRR is the natural choice of the PBOC," Lu said in an e-mailed note to clients.China's economic growth rate was likely to slow in the fourth quarter to 8.7 percent, mainly as a result of economic restructuring, the State Information Center (SIC) said Friday.The forecast was almost 1 percentage point lower than the third quarter's 9.6-percent growth rate, but the SIC expected the economy to grow by 10 percent for the full year on the back of a 10.6-percent growth rate for the first three quarters.The central bank, on Nov. 10, announced a 50-basis-point rise of the RRR for Chinese financial institutions that accept deposits from Nov. 16, as China's consumer price index (CPI), a main gauge of inflation, soared to a 25-month high of 4.4 percent year on year in October.Prices of meat have risen for the week ending Nov. 14, with prices of pork up 1.6 percent and mutton 0.5 percent. Prices of eggs also rose 0.9 percent, while rice rose 0.6 percent and flour 0.4 percent, according to a weekly report by the Ministry of Commerce.The report said prices of 18 types of vegetables were slightly lower, down by 0.8 percent compared to the previous week. However, on a year-on-year basis, the prices of 18 staple vegetables in the first 10 days this month were still significantly higher from a year earlier.The State Council, the Cabinet, Wednesday announced price control guidelines to reassure consumers facing rising inflation and urged local authorities to offer temporary subsidies to needy families.The market had been expecting an increase, but did not anticipate it would come so soon, said Tan Yaling, senior analyst at Bank of China.She said the central bank would not raise the benchmark interest rates soon after the ratio hike as higher interest rates would further expand the interest rate differences between China and other major economies, which would lead to the influx of hot money.The central bank's decision to raise the RRR, instead of interest rates, was because a higher RRR would have "a direct effect on withdrawing liquidity," said Yan Wei, chief economist with the Orient Securities.The decision was announced after Chinese stock markets edged up following a period of decline of up to 10 percent of their value, largely on concerns of tighter policies.The benchmark Shanghai Composite Index rose 0.81 percent to close at 2,888.57. The Shenzhen Component Index closed up 1.23 percent to end at 12,295.85.

BEIJING, Dec. 29 (Xinhua) -- China Wednesday released its first ever white paper on the nation's anti-graft efforts, expressing its resolve to strengthen the fight against corruption.The document, titled China's Efforts to Combat Corruption and Build a Clean Government, was issued by the Information Office of the State Council, or Cabinet.Ren Jianming, director of the Anti-Corruption and Governance Research Center at Tsinghua University, said corruption is a sensitive issue, and the white paper shows "China has a more open and cooperative attitude toward the problem."The report will help eliminate bias and misunderstanding about China's anti-graft battle as it details both achievements and problems, said He Zengke, a researcher at the Central Compilation and Translation Bureau, a prominent research institute on Marxism and Chinese policies."It will help people develop a correct, objective and comprehensive understanding of China," he said.China's efforts to combat corruption and build a clean government have been managed systematically and promoted comprehensively and "achieved results," the report said.From 2003 to 2009, prosecutors at all levels investigated more than 240,000 cases of embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty, and rights infringement, according to the report.From January to November, the Party's discipline watchdogs investigated 119,000 graft cases, resulting in 113,000 people being punished, of whom 4,332 were prosecuted, said Wu Yuliang, secretary general of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of Communist Party of China (CPC), at a press conference Wednesday.From 2005 until 2009, over 69,200 cases of commercial bribery -- involving some 16.59 billion yuan in funds -- were investigated, it said.In 2009, some 7,036 officials were held responsible for serious mistakes, breach of duty, and failing to manage and supervise subordinates, the report said.The report quoted a National Bureau of Statistics survey as saying that 83.8 percent of Chinese thought corruption was reduced to some extent in 2010, which was up from 68.1 percent in 2003.The document warned that the task of curbing corruption remains arduous.China has undergone dramatic economic and social change, and the ideas and concepts of the people have altered, leading to increased social conflict, the report said."Since the relevant mechanisms and systems are still incomplete, corruption persists, some cases even involving huge sums of money," the report said. "Breaches of law and discipline tend to be more covert, intelligent and complicated."The CPC and the government understand the "long-haul, complicated and arduous" nature of the anti-graft mission, the report said."They will resolutely punish and effectively prevent corruption with more resolutions and powerful measures," the report said.The report introduces the principles, working mechanisms and legal framework for China's anti-graft system. It also sets out the progress made in combating corruption and international anti-graft cooperation.Despite the achievements made, more work has to be done to meet the people's expectation for anti-graft efforts, especially with improving the transparency of decision making, He said.Many difficulties and problems facing the anti-graft work will be solved through the reform of the systems, he said.On Tuesday the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, the country's central leadership, set objectives for the country's anti-graft mission in the next phase, stressing better anti-corruption supervision on construction projects, public money being held in private account, extravagant ceremonies, and government vehicles.Prof. Yan Shuhan at the Central Party School said the Communist Party of China should stay sober-minded and persistent in its anti-graft endeavor and face the problems head on.

BEIJING, Dec. 19 (Xinhua) -- Top Chinese political advisor Jia Qinglin urged more efforts be made to promote industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization to achieve steady and fast economic development while maintaining social stability.Jia, chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), made the remarks during his inspection tour of east China's Shandong Province from Friday to Sunday.More efforts should be made to speed the transformation of the economic development pattern and promote the coordinated development of agricultural modernization, industrialization and urbanization, Jia said.Jia also urged efforts to step up transformation of agricultural development pattern, vigorously develop modern agriculture, attach great importance to grain production, and increase farmers' incomes through diversified channels, Jia said.He also called for more efforts to quicken the upgrading of traditional industries, develop strategic emerging industries, improve the core competitiveness of Chinese industries, and push forward energy savings, emission reductions and environmental protection.Jia said governments should strengthen public services and accelerate the establishment of cultural projects to meet people's daily-increasing spiritual and cultural needs.Jia also urged members of democratic parties and individuals without party affiliations to contribute their wisdom and resources to the nation's development.

BEIJING, Nov. 17 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang and U.S. Secretary of Energy Steven Chu Tuesday called for stronger energy cooperation between the two countries.At a meeting in Beijing, Li said China and the United States had broad agreement and a common interest in maintaining energy security and promoting the development of clean energy.He said the fast growth of China's new energy industry provided great opportunities for foreign companies.Li hoped the two sides would strengthen communication and exchanges, deepen pragmatic cooperation in energy, and expand their clean energy cooperation.Chu said the United States attached importance to energy cooperation with China and would endeavor to promote bilateral programs.He called for joint efforts from the two sides in construction of a clean energy research center, and hoped they would promote joint research and development, and technology innovation.

BEIJING, Dec. 3 (Xinhua) -- During the 11th Five-Year Plan period (2006-2010), China spent 3.26 trillion yuan on social security, an annual increase of 17.6 percent, the Ministry of Finance (MOF) told Xinhua Friday.Wang Jun, vice minister of the MOF, said in the 2006-2010 period, the social security expenditure from the central government stood at 1.4 trillion yuan (210.19 billion U.S. dollars), which was 2.1 times the expenditure in the previous five years.As the improvement of civil welfare is a crucial component of the harmonious society China is pursuing, financial authorities at all levels should continue to raise investments in social security when making the 2011 fiscal budget and plans for the 12th Five-Year Plan starting from 2011, Wang said.