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Horseshoe crabs are prehistoric creatures that predate the dinosaurs, but pharmaceutical companies depend on them to this day for their unique blue blood.The crabs’ blood is hypersensitive to endotoxins, making it the perfect testing ground to see if a coronavirus vaccine is harmful to people."The fact that we rely so much on these really primitive creatures that predate the dinosaurs," said Barbara Brummer, the state director of The Nature Conservancy in New Jersey.From Massachusetts to South Carolina, the crabs are collected and taken to laboratories. But one of their largest breeding grounds is right in New Jersey, in the Delaware Bay."The concern is the population of horseshoe crabs in the Delaware Bay has been declining over the years," said Brummer. "They are needed for the ecological value they bring for shorebirds.”Shorebirds rely on the crabs' millions of eggs for food.New Jersey fishermen are banned from using the crabs for bait. But pharmaceutical companies remove about a half-million horseshoe crabs from the ocean every year.In the labs, about one-third of a crab's blood is removed for testing. If the crab's blue blood clots up, the medicine is no good.The crabs are then returned to the ocean.However, a study by the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission estimates about 15% of the crabs do not survive."There is an alternative test," Brummer said. "They have created a test that does not involve the bleeding of the crabs. It is a synthetic material."The synthetic test has been approved in Europe but has not yet been approved in the United States.This story was first reported by Christie Duffy at PIX11 in New York, New York. 1674

Ghosts and goblins may not be the most popular costumes of 2020, but it appears Americans love classic Halloween costumes.According to Frightgeist, Google’s database of most-searched costumes, the witch is the No. 1 costume so far in 2020. The witch is up one spot from No. 2 from a year ago.No. 2 in 2020 is the dinosaur, which was No. 4 in 2019.The top 10 costumes of 2020 are as followed:1) Witch2) Dinosaur3) Harley Quinn4) Rabbit5) Clown6) Angel7) Fortnite8) Devil9) Ninja10) SpidermanIf you are having trouble picking a costume, Google has a tool that recommends a costume based on uniqueness, style, and trendiness. The tool can be seen here. 657

Genetic testing company 23andMe has been given federal approval to sell at-home kits that test for three breast cancer gene mutations.This will be the first direct-to-consumer DNA test for these particular breast cancer gene mutations, the Food and Drug Administration said on Tuesday.A spokeswoman for 23andMe said the test for the three BRCA1/BRCA2 breast cancer gene mutations will be added "in the coming weeks" to the broader Health + Ancestry services, with no increase to the existing 9 cost.The test can only detect three out of more than 1,000 known BRCA mutations, according to the FDA. The BRCA1/BRCA2 hereditary mutations occur in about 2% of Ashkenazi Jewish women, but rarely occur in anyone else, the agency said in a press release."The test also does not provide information on a person's overall risk of developing any type of cancer," the FDA added.23sandMe already tests for genetic health risks for diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, along with wellness reports for things like lactose intolerance and saturated fat, and ancestral composition including Neanderthal ancestry.In 2013, the FDA ordered the company to stop sales of its home-testing kits, saying the Alphabet-backed company had failed to prove the validity of its product.Related: 23andMe gets funding for drug developmentAnne Wojcicki, who founded the company in 2006, called the FDA shutdown a "transformative moment" that prompted 23andMe to branch into drug development."Thank you to the FDA for hard work and progress on innovation," she tweeted on Tuesday.In 2015, 23andMe received approval from the FDA to test customers for whether they are carriers of certain disease-carrying genes that could be passed on to their children. In early 2017, the company received approval to issue genetic health risk reports.In September of last year, the company said it received 0 million in funding from Sequoia Capital to develop drugs based on user DNA.The-CNN-Wire? & ? 2018 Cable News Network, Inc., a Time Warner Company. All rights reserved. 2050

Hawaiian authorities are urging sightseers to stay away as Leilani Estates residents return to check on their neighborhood, which is threatened by lava and toxic gases emerging from fissures in the subdivision.Big Island's Kilauea volcano erupted Thursday, spewing molten rock and high levels of sulfur dioxide.Cracks emerged in the volcano's East Rift Zone — an area of fissures miles away from the volcano's summit. All residents of Leilani Estates, a community of about 1,700 people near Big Island's eastern edge, and nearby Lanipuna Gardens were ordered to evacuate.The eruption was followed by a 6.9-magnitude earthquake Friday.As of Sunday, 10 fissures had opened and 26 homes had been destroyed. The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory said that active venting of lava and hazardous fumes continued. 818

Health officials nationwide – and in the Kansas City metro – are warning about heart condition in recovering COVID-19 patients that could have more of an effect on athletes.Myocarditis, which inflames the heart muscle, is being called the "breaking news" of coronavirus."[Myocarditis] can lead to a thinning and distension of the heart and a lack of function in the heart," said Dr. Steve Stites, chief medical officer at the University of Kansas Health System, "And even to heart failure and the need for a heart transplant and bad heart rhythms that can lead to death."The condition could be exacerbated by the type of exercise athletes are used to."In college athletics, we don't know the outcome of myocarditis," Stites said. "We don't know that a high impact sport could worsen the damage to the heart. We don't know what high-intensity exercise might be doing to a heart that's already slightly inflamed. All of those are leading to questions about the safety of returning to high-performance sports."The hospital and health professionals around the U.S. are screening athletes to better understand how myocarditis affects the organs."Our fear is that we could be missing a lot of diseases that we can't see and we can't test for," Stites said, "and that can include very small blood vessel clots inside the heart that lead to more heart damage."Doctors at KU plan to make an assessment of how this will affect college and high school sports in the coming weeks.A study in Germany that looked at 100 patients recovering from COVID-19 found that 60% of them had myocarditis independent of preexisting conditions.Doctors at KU said the condition hasn't been studied as much in the U.SThis story was originally reported by Sarah Plake at KSHB. 1754

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