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LOS ANGELES, June 17 (Xinhua) -- The size of low-oxygen zones created by respiring bacteria is extremely sensitive to changes in depth caused by oscillations in climate, thus posing a distant threat to marine life, a new study suggests."The growth of low-oxygen regions is cause for concern because of the detrimental effects on marine populations -- entire ecosystems can die off when marine life cannot escape the low- oxygen water," said lead researcher Curtis Deutsch, assistant professor of atmospheric and oceanic sciences at University of California, Los Angeles."There are widespread areas of the ocean where marine life has had to flee or develop very peculiar adaptations to survive in low- oxygen conditions," Deutsch said in the study to be published in an upcoming print edition of the journal Science.A team led byDeutsch used a specialized computer simulation to demonstrate for the first time that fluctuations in climate can drastically affect the habitability of marine ecosystems.The study also showed that in addition to consuming oxygen, marine bacteria are causing the depletion of nitrogen, an essential nutrient necessary for the survival of most types of algae."We found there is a mechanism that connects climate and its effect on oxygen to the removal of nitrogen from the ocean," Deutsch said. "Our climate acts to change the total amount of nutrients in the ocean over the timescale of decades."Low-oxygen zones are created by bacteria living in the deeper layers of the ocean that consume oxygen by feeding on dead algae that settle from the surface. Just as mountain climbers might feel adverse effects at high altitudes from a lack of air, marine animals that require oxygen to breathe find it difficult or impossible to live in these oxygen-depleted environments, Deutsch said.Sea surface temperatures vary over the course of decades through a climate pattern called the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, during which small changes in depth occur for existing low-oxygen regions, Deutsch said. Low-oxygen regions that rise to warmer, shallower waters expand as bacteria become more active; regions that sink to colder, deeper waters shrink as the bacteria become more sluggish, as if placed in a refrigerator."We have shown for the first time that these low-oxygen regions are intrinsically very sensitive to small changes in climate," Deutsch said in remarks published Friday by the American Association for the Advancement of Science on its website. "That is what makes the growth and shrinkage of these low-oxygen regions so dramatic."Molecular oxygen from the atmosphere dissolves in sea water at the surface and is transported to deeper levels by ocean circulation currents, where it is consumed by bacteria, Deutsch said."The oxygen consumed by bacteria within the deeper layers of the ocean is replaced by water circulating through the ocean," he said. "The water is constantly stirring itself up, allowing the deeper parts to occasionally take a breath from the atmosphere."A lack of oxygen is not the only thing fish and other marine life must contend with, according to Deutsch. When oxygen is very low, the bacteria will begin to consume nitrogen, one of the most important nutrients that sustain marine life."Almost all algae, the very base of the food chain, use nitrogen to stay alive," Deutsch said. "As these low-oxygen regions expand and contract, the amount of nutrients available to keep the algae alive at the surface of the ocean goes up and down. "Understanding the causes of oxygen and nitrogen depletion in the ocean is important for determining the effect on fisheries and fish populations, he said.

BEIJING, Aug. 24 (Xinhua) -- China will prioritize the development of six types of new materials in its new material industry over the next five years, the China Securities Journal said on Wednesday.The report cited an insider, who noted that the country's 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-2015) for the new material industry will come out in September, in which the government will launch key projects to support the development of the six materials.The six materials will be high-strength light alloy, advanced iron and steel, carbon fiber composite, new power battery material, function coated material, and rare earth function material, according to the report.The plan states each of the six sub industries will form a sizable industrial scale, with the industry's total output value to hit trillions of yuan by the end of 2015, and the self-supply rate to reach 70 percent during the period, the report said.Meanwhile, the government will also foster the development of materials in sectors such as green building material and the biomedical industry over the next five years, it added.

SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 15 (Xinhua) --- Google Inc. on Monday announced that it has agreed to buy Motorola Mobility Holdings Inc. for about 12. 5 billion U.S. dollars, the largest purchase for the Internet search giant that will allow it to compete more directly with other mobile phone makers.Google said that it will acquire Motorola Mobility for 40 dollars per share in cash, or a total of about 12.5 billion dollars, a premium of 63 percent to the closing price of Motorola Mobility shares last Friday.The transaction was unanimously approved by the boards of directors of both companies and is expected to close by the end of 2011 or early 2012, subject to regulatory approvals and other closing conditions.Google noted that the acquisition of Motorola Mobility, a dedicated partner of its Android mobile operating system, will enhance competition in mobile computing.Motorola Mobility will remain a licensee of Android and Android will remain open, Google said, adding that it will run Motorola Mobility as a separate business."Motorola Mobility's total commitment to Android has created a natural fit for our two companies. Together, we will create amazing user experiences that supercharge the entire Android ecosystem for the benefit of consumers, partners and developers," Larry Page, Google's chief executive officer (CEO), said in a statement."We have shared a productive partnership with Google to advance the Android platform, and now through this combination we will be able to do even more to innovate and deliver outstanding mobility solutions across our mobile devices and home businesses," said Sanjay Jha, CEO of Motorola Mobility.

SAN FRANCISCO, July 12 (Xinhua) -- Facebook and Time Warner announced on Tuesday that they are teaming up to launch a wide- ranging, major cross-platform partnership initiative to fight bullying.The multi-media campaign, named "Stop Bullying: Speak Up" after the original anti-bullying initiative by Time Warner's Cartoon Network, will integrate broadcast, print, online and social media to educate parents, teachers and youth about the actions that will help protect young people from the impact of bullying, the two said in a joint statement.As part of the initiative, Facebook is scheduled to launch an interactive application in the back-to-school season this fall, which will enable educators, parents, and kids to make a personal commitment to help stop bullying."We care deeply about the safety of our nation's children and are proud to be partnering with Time Warner to raise awareness of bullying," Sheryl Sandberg, Facebook's chief operating officer, said in the statement."We believe that by working together with parents and teachers, we can teach young people to speak up and stop bullying," she added.Time Warner is also planning to expand its multiplatform efforts to communicate the anti-bullying message to an broader audience.It said in October, three of its magazines -- People, Sports Illustrated and Time -- and their affiliated websites will feature editorial content that highlights the problem of bullying and innovative programs and measures being taken to combat it.In partnership with Facebook, CNN's Anderson Cooper will also host a new town hall, which is scheduled to air in October and will be dedicated to discussing bullying issues confronting kids today as well as discussions with experts to teach adults on coping with the bullying epidemic."I'm confident that through our multiplatform approach and combined resources we can inspire even more people to take action against bullying," said Jeff Bewkes, Time Warner's chairman and chief executive officer.

BEIJING, Aug. 16 (Xinhuanet) -- It is widely accepted that obesity leads to an increased risk of health complications, but new studies quoted by media Tuesday challenge the conventional notion.“Our studies challenge the idea that all obese individuals need to lose weight,” said Dr. Jennifer Kuk, assistant professor in York University’s School of Kinesiology & Health Science in Toronto.  One of the studies used data from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study consisting of 29,533 individuals and assessed their mortality in 16 years.It found no difference in death risks between normal-weight individuals and obese ones. "Since the obese people did not have greater risk of dying than normal weight individuals, they don’t need to lose weight," said Dr. Kuk.But the finding did not give obese individuals a “free license” to gain weight, Dr. Kuk added. Maintaining weight, eating right and exercising may be better than trying to lose weight in the long run, said Dr. Kuk.

来源：资阳报