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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Independent reviews by the FDA show the COVID-19 vaccines by Pfizer and Moderna have similar levels of safety and efficacy, although there are early indications of potential differences.Both vaccines rely on the same basic approach: jumpstarting the immune system with messenger RNA. The FDA confirmed their overall efficacy is essentially identical; 95 percent for Pfizer and 94.1 percent for Moderna.However, signals in the data suggest Moderna’s vaccine may better protect against severe cases of COVID-19, while Pfizer’s vaccine may work better in adults over 65. But experts warned those differences may just be statistical illusions.In Moderna’s study of 30,000 volunteers, 30 people got severe cases of COVID-19. All 30 of those cases were in the placebo group, suggesting the vaccine offers powerful protection against the most serious symptoms.In Pfizer’s trial of 44,000 volunteers, one vaccinated person got a severe case compared to 10 people in the placebo group.“We still need more data,” said Dr. Abisola Olulade of Sharp Rees-Stealy. “It's not a reason to recommend one versus the other.”In adults over 65, the efficacy of Moderna’s vaccine dipped slightly to 86.4 percent. Pfizer’s vaccine was 92.9 percent effective in people aged 65 to 74 and 100 percent effective in individuals 75 and up.“When I think people in the community look at that number, they might say, ‘Oh, that Moderna vaccine probably isn't as good for the older population compared to the Pfizer vaccine.’ But as a clinician looking at numbers, they're both amazing,” said UC San Francisco infectious disease expert Dr. Peter Chin-Hong.FDA scientists found both vaccines are safe but short-term side effects are common, especially with Moderna’s drug. Both vaccines are administered in two doses. The table below lists the percentage of vaccinated volunteers who reported a side effect after either dose, although side effects were most common after the second injection.Side effect Moderna PfizerFatigue 68.5% 62.9%Headache 63.0% 55.1%Muscle pain59.6%38.3%Joint pain44.8%23.6%Chills43.4%31.9%Fever14.8%14.2%Typically the symptoms went away in one day.“Just because a vaccine has side effects doesn’t mean it’s not safe,” said Dr. Olulade. “We know that side effects happen actually because your immune system is working and waking up. It's actually a positive thing.”The slight difference in side effects could be because of differences in the way researchers polled volunteers, or it could be something with the architecture of the vaccines, experts said.The companies use different tiny bubbles of fat to enclose the messenger RNA. Moderna’s bubble is a little stronger and more stable so it doesn’t need to be stored at sub-arctic temperatures.“It could be that [Moderna’s] elicits a little more inflammation than the other,” Dr. Chin-Hong said.Having slightly more side effects could be a sign that Moderna’s vaccine prompts a stronger immune response that might lead to longer-lasting immunity, but the durability of either vaccine remains one of the most pressing unanswered questions.The biggest difference may be where the vaccines are deployed. Since Pfizer's vaccine needs to be stored at such cold temperatures, experts said Moderna's vaccine may be prioritized for rural hospitals and community health centers that lack ultra-cold storage units. 3370

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Kreg Van Hoesen has had to fight for his life for much of his life, born with congenital heart defects in 1986 when doctors didn't know until after he was born. Two surgeries at two months of age would be followed by two more at two years old. Then when Kreg was six, doctors tried to correct the defects in his heart. Unfortunately it didn't work. His mother, Pam Van Hoesen remembers every detail of the family's hard fought battle to keep Kreg alive. "His outlook was bleak," she says, "but he managed to get through it and within a week, he got a heart." They know the donor heart came from a family in the Midwest who lost a child traumatically, but they've never heard back from them after writing letters, and they understand. Pam says, "for someone else to lose a child in order for your child to live is mind boggling."To pay forward that most precious gift, the family became champions of organ donation. It started eight years after Kreg got his heart. Pam Van Hoesen's friend needed a kidney. Pam tested and hers was the best match. Then in 2003 Kreg went into kidney failure. The anti-rejection drugs from Kreg's heart transplant were very hard on his kidneys, and when he needed a kidney transplant, his dad Mark stepped in. Kreg initially rejected Mark's kidney however, and he almost lost his battle to survive again. Eventually his body accepted it, and he had 16 years with that kidney. But Kreg's health took a turn for the worse early this year. All three of his sisters tested to find the best match. Kreg's sister Kendyl was the closest match. Kendyl's mother-in-law also happened to be a kidney donor as well, and with both of her own parents living healthy lives with just one kidney, Kendyl didn't hesitate to agree to donate hers to her brother. She explains that the entire family was nervous going into this surgery. They knew as the donor, their family had a long track record of success living with just one kidney, but they worried about how Kreg would do, undergoing his third transplant surgery. "He's a real fighter and real survivor... but most of his surgeries didn't go as planned." It so happens that Kreg was due for success however, and this transplant, which was done at UCSD Medical Center, has been his easiest so far. The family, including Kreg, believe their mission is to get out the word about organ donation. Kreg says he's shocked by how many people are apprehensive about it, whether a living donation, or a donation after someone dies. "I do hope this can change the perspective," he says. 2568

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Locals and visitors in San Diego's mountains Friday awoke to a winter wonderland of snowfall.A Thanksgiving storm brought a fresh coating of snowfall to the county's higher elevations, including areas of Julian, Descanso, Palomar Mountain, Pine Valley, and Mt. Laguna. A winter storm warning will continue through 10 p.m. Friday.San Diego mountains can expect to see about 10 to 18 inches of snow above 5,500', 10News meteorologist Megan Parry reports. Areas between 3,000 and 4,000 feet will see trace amounts to 2 inches of snow, and areas 4,000 and 4,500' can expect about 3 to 8 inches. The county's highest peaks could get 2 feet of snow by the end of the day.RELATED: Snow in San Diego! Here's what you'll need and where to go for snowChains are required when heading up to the mountain areas and wind gusts up to 50 mph will make traveling hazardous. Icy roads is also a concern.Not heading to the snow this weekend? Check out the snowfall in Julian Friday morning from the comfort of your screen:Scattered showers will continue to keep most of San Diego soaked Friday, but the worst of the rain has moved out of the county. Thanksgiving Day saw about 1.37" of rain locally, breaking the San Diego's previous Thanksgiving record of 1.26" set in 2008.Several crashes were recorded throughout the day Thursday. Travel on rain slicked roads is also a concern early Friday.RELATED: Coast-to-coast storm will dump more rain and snow during weekend travel rushThunderstorms are possible throughout areas of San Diego's East County and periods of heavy rain could last through the morning.A beach hazard statement is in effect until 4 p.m., with waves of about 2 to 7 feet and strong rip currents a possibility. The threat of flooding locally also continues into Friday, the biggest threat being between 8 a.m. and 10 a.m.Locals are advised to avoid going into the water along the coast, as storm runoff could bring contaminants to San Diego's beaches. 1979

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - It's been months since construction began on eight prototypes for a wall to span the U.S.-Mexico divide. The structures, built by six companies that have largely remained out of the spotlight, faced a barrage of tests by border officials, reportedly including jackhammers, saws, torches and other tools and climbing devices to try and thwart the walls.THE CONTRACTORS...The contractors tasked with building the prototypes were: 474

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Mission Beach residents and tourists could be getting some relief from dockless scooters speeding down the boardwalk as San Diego's summer season approaches.The Mayor's Office is working on an emergency ordinance banning electric scooters, like those used from services such as LimeBike or Bird, from the Mission Beach Boardwalk, from Crystal Pier south to the jetty."Residents have complained about [the] continued reckless use of motorized (electric) scooters along the Mission Beach Boardwalk. This type of behavior has resulted in collisions, accidents, and bodily injuries," the city said in a release.DOCKLESS TRANSPORT COVERAGE: 692

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