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WASHINGTON, July 8 (Xinhua) -- U.S. space shuttle Atlantis lifted off on Friday morning from Kennedy Space Center in Florida, on the 135th and final flight in NASA's shuttle program.The shuttle blasted off at about 11:29 a.m. EDT (1529 GMT) on a tower of flame, NASA TV showed.Before taking flight, shuttle Commander Christopher Ferguson saluted all those who contributed over the years to the shuttle program."The shuttle is always going to be a reflection of what a great nation can do when it dares to be bold and commits to follow through,'' he said. "We're not ending the journey today ... we're completing a chapter of a journey that will never end.''In this photo released by NASA, space shuttle Atlantis lifts off from NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, the United States, July 8, 2011. U.S. space shuttle Atlantis lifted off at about 11:29 a.m. EDT (1529 GMT) on Friday from Kennedy Space Center in Florida, on the 135th and final flight in NASA's shuttle program.Atlantis's primary payload is an Italian-built cargo hauler named Raffaello which is loaded with 8,640 pounds (3,919 kgs) of food, clothing, supplies and science equipment to sustain space station operations after the shuttles are retired.Only four astronauts take to the skies because there is no shuttle available for a rescue flight should anything go wrong. Normally NASA sends six or seven astronauts on space shuttle flights -- with the last four-person shuttle crew launched 28 years ago.But Atlantis' status as the final flight means there is no other space shuttle on standby and the U.S. would have to call on Russia for any rescue operation. The Russian Soyuz capsules hold just three astronauts and at least one must be Russian, so two crew members would have to fly up and bring home the Americans from the International Space Station one at a time.The crew will also return an ammonia pump that recently failed on the station. Engineers want to understand why the pump failed and improve designs for future spacecraft. One spacewalk is planned during Atlantis' mission, though it will be conducted by NASA's two resident space station astronauts, rather than the shuttle crew.It is the 33rd voyage for Atlantis. Its return to the earth later this month will mark the end of the 30-year shuttle program.Atlantis will be the last shuttle to be retired. Discovery was first in March, followed by Endeavour at the beginning of June. Each shuttle will head to a museum.When the U.S. space shuttle program officially ends later this year, the Russian space program's Soyuz capsule will be the only method for transporting astronauts to and from the station.Space shuttles have made great contributions to U.S. space exploration. They allowed astronauts to not only launch satellites, but to grab and repair them and put them back into service. Most remarkably, they allowed NASA to regularly rejuvenate the Hubble Space Telescope, which for 21 years has produced images that are transforming astronomers' understanding of the universe. With their enormous cargo bays, the shuttles also enabled the United States and its partners to build the International Space Station.However, high costs, risks, policy shift force the U.S. to quit the space shuttle program.NASA originally estimated the program would cost about 90 billion U.S. dollars. However, its actual cost stands at about 200 billion dollars, compared with the 151 billion dollars spent on Apollo which took Americans to the moon in 1969.Seven astronauts perished when Challenger exploded about a minute after launch in 1986. Nearly two decades after the Challenger explosion, a new catastrophe shocked NASA when the shuttle Columbia disintegrated moments before landing in 2003.One out of every 67 flights ended in death. Based on deaths per million miles traveled, the space shuttle is 138 times riskier than a passenger jet.The panel that investigated the 2003 Columbia accident concluded: "It is in the nation's interest to replace the Shuttle as soon as possible.''The Obama administration wants to spur private companies to get into the space taxi business, freeing NASA to focus on deep space exploration and new technology development.During his first-ever Twitter town hall meeting on Wednesday, Obama said NASA needs new technology breakthroughs to revitalize its mission to explore the universe."The shuttle did some extraordinary work in low-orbit experiments, the International Space Station, moving cargo. It was an extraordinary accomplishment. And we're very proud of the work that it did," Obama said. "But now what we need is that next technological breakthrough."

BEIJING, Sept. 4 (Xinhua) -- China's railway system has transported some 1.27 billion passengers during the first eight months of this year, up 11.8 percent from a year earlier, the Ministry of Railways said Sunday.The figure has accounted for 67.4 percent of the ministry's full-year target, said the ministry in a statement on its website.The Ministry of Railways has planned to send 1.9 billion passengers in 2011, up 13.1 percent year-on-year.The country's high-speed trains had been operating with improved order and efficiency, said the ministry, which has been required to run high-speed trains at slower speeds, as well as to reorganize bullet train schedules nationwide, for safety reasons.The State Council, or Cabinet, ordered increased safety checks after a fatal train collision that killed 40 people in July raised concerns over the safety of the country's high-speed railways.The ministry cut the number of high-speed trains running between Beijing and Shanghai to 66 pairs from 88 pairs per day, effective as of Aug. 16.Meanwhile, the railways transported more than 2.6 billion metric tons of goods from January to August, up 7.8 percent year-on-year, the ministry said.

BERLIN, June 10 (Xinhua) -- The German state of North Rhine-Westphalia said Friday it detected for the first time the deadly E.coli strain o104 on bean sprouts, after they were named the source of the outbreak by Germany's national disease control centre. "According to our knowledge, the bean sprouts are coming from the recent suspicious farm in Bienenbuettel in the state of Lower Saxony," said Johannes Remmel, consumer protection minister.The sprouts were found in an opened package which had been left in a dustbin of a family, living near the city of Bonn. Two of the family members had eaten the sprouts and contracted the E. coli infection in mid-May, he said.A notice warning consumers not to eat raw bean sprouts is seen at a market in Berlin, capital of Germany, June 10, 2011. The German authority said on Friday bean sprouts were probably the source of the E. coli outbreak, which has killed 30 people and infected about 3,000 around the world. Reinhard Burger, president of the Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Germany's national disease control center said the Robert Koch Institute was lifting its warning against eating cucumbers, tomatoes and lettuce but keeping the warning in place for the sprouts."The discovery confirms our current warning against the consumption of bean sprouts. It is therefore becoming increasingly more likely that bean sprouts are the source of the E.coli infections," Remmel said.The news came after Reinhard Burger, President of the Robert Koch Institute (RKI), said in the morning bean sprouts were the source for the outbreak based on a epidemiological investigation."People who ate (bean) sprouts were found nine times more likely to have bloody diarrhoea or other signs of E. coli infection than those who did not," he saidHowever, no sample tests had found the o104 strain on bean sprouts when he announced that conclusion. Laboratory tests have shown Germany made mistakes in identifying the outbreak source on two previous occasions.At the same time, RKI lifted the warning against cucumbers, tomatoes and lettuce."Enjoy lettuce, cucumbers and tomatoes. They are healthy for you," said Andreas Hensel, president of the German Federal Risk Assessment Institute (BFR), which is a co-leader in the action against E. coli.In the city of Hamburg, an epicentre for the disease, farmers protested in the city centre by offering tons of lettuce and cucumbers for free to anyone who wanted them when the news was announced. Suddenly, pedestrians turned from reluctant to eager takers, reported local news agency DPA.

WASHINGTON, July 13 (Xinhua) -- Human neural stem cells are capable of helping people regain learning and memory abilities lost due to radiation treatment for brain tumors, a University of California, Irvine (UCI) study suggests.Research with rats found that stem cells transplanted two days after cranial irradiation restored cognitive function, as measured in one- and four-month assessments. In contrast, irradiated rats not treated with stem cells showed no cognitive improvement."Our findings provide solid evidence that such cells can be used to reverse radiation-induced damage of healthy tissue in the brain," said Charles Limoli, a UCI radiation oncology professor.Study results will appear Friday in Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.Radiotherapy for brain tumors is limited by how well the surrounding tissue tolerates it. Patients receiving radiation at effective levels suffer varying degrees of learning and memory loss that can adversely affect their quality of life."In almost every instance, people experience severe cognitive impairment that's progressive and debilitating," Limoli said. " Pediatric cancer patients can experience a drop of up to three IQ points per year."For the UCI study, multipotent human neural stem cells were transplanted into the brains of rats that had undergone radiation treatment. They migrated throughout the hippocampus -- a region known for the growth of new neurons -- and developed into brain cells.Researchers assessed the rats one month and four months after transplantation, noting enhanced learning and memory abilities at both intervals.Additionally, they found that transplanting as few as 100,000 human neural stem cells was sufficient to improve cognition after cranial irradiation. Of cells surviving the process, about 15 percent turned into new neurons, while another 45 percent became astrocytes and oligodendrocytes -- cells that support cerebral neurons.Most notably, Limoli said, he and his colleagues discovered that about 11 percent of the engrafted cells expressed a behaviorally induced marker of learning, indicating the functional integration of those cells into memory circuits in the hippocampus."This research suggests that stem cell therapies may one day be implemented in the clinic to provide relief to patients suffering from cognitive impairments incurred as a result of their cancer treatments," Limoli said.

SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 9 (Xinhua) -- AOL's chief executive officer (CEO) Tim Armstrong has reached out to Yahoo for talks of a merger of the two companies, U.S. media reported on Friday.Armstrong is discussing options for a combination aimed at strengthening the two Internet companies, Bloomberg quoted two people who are familiar with the matter as saying.The report said that the AOL CEO had been interested in a merger with Yahoo last year but was rejected while Carol Bartz served as Yahoo CEO, who was ousted by Yahoo's board on Tuesday.Reconsidering the option after Bartz's departure, Armstrong has talked with private equity firms and investment bankers from Allen & Co. working with Yahoo.Under one scenario being considered, Yahoo would acquire AOL and Armstrong would become CEO of the combined company, said the source.Both Yahoo and AOL are suffering from declining revenues, struggling to compete against companies like Google and Facebook. Some analysts said that the merger could not provide a long-term solution to the problems the two companies face after they failed to keep up with Internet trends.

来源：资阳报