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HONG KONG, July 19 (Xinhua) -- A gene controlled by male hormone was critical for the growth of liver tumor, leading to a higher incidence of the disease in men than in women, according to the Chinese University of Hong Kong which made the results public on Tuesday.There is a significant gender bias in liver cancer incidence. In Hong Kong, men are three times more likely to develop liver cancer than women. Such phenomenon prompted researchers from the university to carry out a genomic location analysis in liver cancer cells starting from 2008.The researchers discovered, out of 17,000 human genes, that a gene called Cell Cycle-Related Kinase (CCRK) was directly controlled by androgen receptor. They further found that CCRK was critical for the induction of signaling pathway leading to abnormal liver cell growth and tumor formation.The results also reveal that 70 percent of patients with liver cancer were found to produce high levels of CCRK. More importantly, these patients were more likely to have late-stage cancers and lived shorter than those with low CCRK level.Using mouse models, the researchers found that either lowering the level or blocking the signaling pathway of CCRK in liver cancer cells could significantly reduce the tumor growth rate.The study has validated that CCRK is an important gene that has potential to cause liver cancer and the gene can be tested as a new targeted therapy in future.Vice-Chancellor of the university Joseph Sung, who is also team leader of the research project, said the results explained why men have a higher risk of liver cancer than women and helped push ahead with the development of a novel treatment of the disease.The above study results were published online in July in Journal of Clinical Investigation.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 17 (Xinhua) -- Latest research shows that the Moon could be younger than previous estimates. The findings were published online Wednesday in the Nature journal.The prevailing theory of the Moon's origin is that it was created by a giant impact between a large planet-like object and the proto-Earth. The energy of this impact was sufficiently high that the Moon formed from melted material that was ejected into space. As the Moon cooled, this magma solidified into different mineral components. Analysis of lunar rock samples thought to have been derived from the original magma has given scientists a new estimate of the Moon's age.According to this theory for lunar formation, a rock type called ferroan anorthosite, or FAN, is the oldest of the Moon's crustal rocks, but scientists have had difficulty dating FAN samples. The research team used newly refined techniques to determine the age of a sample of FAN from the lunar rock that was brought back to Earth by the Apollo 16 mission in 1972.The team analyzed the isotopes of the elements lead and neodymium to place the FAN sample's age at 4.36 billion years. This figure is significantly younger than earlier estimates of the Moon's age that range as old as the age of the solar system at 4. 568 billion years. The new, younger age obtained for the oldest lunar crust is similar to ages obtained for the oldest terrestrial minerals -- zircons from western Australia -- suggesting that the oldest crusts on both Earth and Moon formed at approximately the same time, and that this time dates from shortly after the giant impact.This study is the first in which a single sample of FAN yielded consistent ages from multiple isotope dating techniques. This result strongly suggests that these ages pinpoint the time at which the sample crystallized."The extraordinarily young age of this lunar sample either means that the Moon solidified significantly later than previous estimates, or that we need to change our entire understanding of the Moon's geochemical history," Carnegie Institute of Science's geochemist and study author Richard Carlson said.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 4 (Xinhua) -- U.S. scientists have found two gene mutations occurring in oligodendrogliomas, the second-most common form of brain cancer, according to a study to be published Friday in journal Science.For years scientists have been looking for the primary cancer genes involved in oligodendrogliomas evolvement. Scientists know the two chromosomes held the probable mutations, but the particular gene information remains unclear.Now scientists at Duke University Medical Center and Johns Hopkins University have discovered the most likely genetic mutations that researchers have been hunting for on chromosomes 1 and 19.The genes they identified, CIC or FUBP1, are tumor suppressor genes. The cancer-related pathways that involve these genes could become targets for future treatments, said Hai Yan, a Duke associate professor of pathology and co-corresponding author of the study.The researchers found CIC on chromosome 19 and FUBP1 on chromosome 1 based on an initial study of seven oligodendrogliomas. They found six mutations and two mutations, respectively, in the seven tumors. Further study of 27 more of these tumors showed that there were 12 and three mutations of CIC and FUBP1, respectively. The two genes were rarely mutated in other types of cancers, indicating that they are oligodendroglioma-specific genes.These genes were difficult to find until the technology improved, said Yan."The team used whole genome sequencing technology so that no genes would be excluded, and we found to our surprise that one gene, on chromosome 19, was mutated in six out of the seven initial tumor specimens we sequenced," Yan said. "A mutation frequency of 85 percent is very high."The finding of two additional new genes involved in oligodendrogliomas increases the chances for an effective combination drug therapy for the tumor, Yan said. He envisions a combination cocktail of drugs similar to the combination-drug treatments taken by HIV patients that would target different pathways involved in cancer, and assist both in reducing the chance of relapsing and increasing odds of success.

TAIYUAN, May 29 (Xinhua) -- Parents of children with cerebral palsy are going to have a place to turn for help, as the first public foundation to provide aid has been set up in northern Shanxi Province.The Brain Rehabilitation Fund was established on Saturday by the China Population Welfare Foundation (CPWF), which is headquartered in Beijing. The CPWF will cooperate with the Shanxi Cerebral Palsy Hospital, which specializes in curing the brain disease with therapies such as acupuncture and massage.Lan Ye, the deputy secretary general of the CPWF, said the fund aims to relieve the burden of affected families by providing financial assistance and training so parents are able to do the therapy at home. In addition, the fund hopes to reduce the incidence of cerebral palsy by publicizing preventative measures to thwart the disease.More than 6 million suffer from cerebral palsy in China, and among them more than 2 million are children, said Guo Xinzhi, vice president of the Shanxi's Federation of the Disabled."A family needs to spend more than 500,000 yuan (77,000 U.S. dollars) to cure a child with the disease," Guo said. "As 70 percent of the children with cerebral palsy are from poor, mountainous areas, more than 25.7 percent of families cannot afford to pay the medical expenses."On Saturday, 25 parents from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Fujian, Henan and Shanxi provinces came to the hospital for free training on helping their children to recover at home.

BEIJING, Aug. 11 (Xinhuanet) -- Next year will bring a doubling in the size of the words that appear on cigarette packages to warn consumers of the dangers of smoking. Starting in April 2012, cigarettes produced and sold in China will bear a new warning label containing letters that will be no less than 4 millimeters in height. That will be twice the size of the current minimum, which stipulates that the letters be at least 2 mm from bottom to top, according to a notice written by the China National Tobacco Corp and published on the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration's website. Despite the intentions, many tobacco-control experts said the step is "minor" and that it fails to deal with the chief issue. "There is no use in making the font size even 100 times bigger if the warning is pointless," said Wu Yiqun, deputy director of the ThinkTank Research Center for Health Development, a Beijing-based non-governmental organization that advocates for the adoption of stronger smoking-control measures. Both Wu and Yang Gonghuan, director of the tobacco control office of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said the warning that now appears on cigarette packs is too weak. It says: "Smoking is harmful to your health. Quitting early is good for your health." "The package should inform consumers of the dangers of smoking in accordance with requirements adopted by the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. (It should say that) smoking causes lung cancer, coronary disease and makes people grow old," Yang said. China decided in 2005 to ratify the convention, which also requires that tobacco warnings cover a third of the surface of cigarette packs. "Even if the size of the words is doubled, it still doesn't meet those standards," Yang said. "The Chinese practice is to draw a line to demarcate a third of a cigarette package, where the warning should be, but the words put on it are still very small." Experts said graphic health warnings could be printed on cigarette packs and used as a "scientific, direct and shocking" deterrent to smoking.Throughout the world, more than 1 billion people in 19 countries live under laws that require the packaging of various types of tobacco products to bear large, graphic health warnings. They often show pictures of black lungs and festering mouth sores, according to the World Health Organization. China, though, is excluded from those rules. Both Wu and Yang said the fundamental barrier to better control of tobacco use in the country is the fact that the China National Tobacco Corp, the country's largest cigarette-maker, is a subsidiary of the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, China's tobacco regulatory body.