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BEIJING, May 3 (Xinhua) -- Decoupling from the world, and the economic downturn much of it is experiencing, has proven impossible for China. But its resilience is receiving more recognition, with many leading financial institutions upgrading their 2009 growth forecasts since mid-April.     The adjustments for gross domestic product (GDP) growth, ranging from 0.5 to 2.3 percentage points, were based on signs of a turnaround in the first quarter. These indicators included stronger-than-expected real GDP growth, recovering property investment, a pick-up in power consumption and a surge in bank lending.     Merrill Lynch & Co. said it expected China's GDP to grow 7.2 percent in the second quarter and 8 percent this year, while Goldman Sachs raised its projection from 6 percent to 8.3 percent, the most optimistic forecast so far. Other forecasts include UBS, which raised its estimate by 0.5 point to 7 percent and CLSA Asia-Pacific, which lifted its outlook by 1.5 point to 7 percent.     China's policymakers can take heart from these forecasts. Every upward revision, big or small, given the global economic slowdown, might point to a better chance for the nation to achieve its 8-percent growth target. That level of growth is considered necessary to raise living standards while maintaining social stability.     But there's still the question of whether rapid growth is sustainable. Some analysts believe it isn't unless China can rebalance its economy and achieve higher efficiency, lower environmental costs and a more reasonable balance among investment, trade and consumption.     QUANTITY OR QUALITY?     In an interview with Xinhua, Stephen Roach, chairman of Morgan Stanley Asia, urged Chinese authorities to get more serious about stimulating private consumption because the global economy remains "pretty weak" and might only achieve a weak recovery.     "China has responded to the crisis the way it has always responded to global problems. That is, using proactive fiscal stimulus mainly in the infrastructure area to provide temporary support in the downturn until the global economy comes back. It worked in the 1997 Asian financial crisis and the 2000-2001 mild recession. But this is a different sort of problem," said Roach.     "Once the stimulus wears off and if there is no follow-through, the Chinese economy will weaken again. I don't think exports will recover in the weak global economy."     Domestic economists voice similar worries, saying that the speed of growth doesn't matter as much as the quality. Liu Shangxi, deputy dean of the Research Institute for Fiscal Science at the Ministry of Finance, said that the 6.1-percent year-on-year growth in the first quarter had been "fairly good" for China. But, he said, "sometimes, it's worth slowing down a bit to have the economy move more stably."     Wang Xiaoguang, an economist with the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), the chief planning agency. said that the government's annual growth target had become mostly symbolic.     For five years in a row, the target was 8 percent, and for five years in a row, the growth rate overshot the target. Wang said the government had faced a dilemma: a cut in the target might undermine public confidence while a rise might tempt local governments to over-invest to meet a high growth target.     The turnaround signs mostly reflected the impact of the 4-trillion-yuan (586 billion U.S. dollars) stimulus package. Meanwhile, retail sales still trailed investment in contributing to growth. Local economists warned that the economy remained unbalanced and vulnerable.     "Historical records show that adjustments in the Chinese economy would take two to three years, on average. Seven months have passed since the impact of the global financial crisis began to tell on the local economy.     "With a turnaround in sight, recovery might come earlier than expected but there are still risks of a further slowdown," Chen Dongqi, deputy chief of the Macro-Economic Research Institute under the NDRC, told a business development forum in Guangdong in late April.     BUYING CURE     It's widely accepted among economists that China should boost domestic private consumption by leading individuals to buy more and save less. The key question is: how?     "Two big programs" Roach advocates call for doubling the investment in social security immediately to 150 billion U.S. dollars and establishing a goal of raising consumption as a share of the economy from 36 percent to 50 percent within five years.     "What I think is missing here is the social safety net, social security pension and unemployment insurance. Because of the absence of the safety net, China has seen a high level of precautionary saving," he said.     Roach suggested that China develop a private pension system in particular so total employee compensation could rise in tandem with productivity. "Chinese companies need to partner with their workers and provide medical care [and] retirement investing for their workforce. Chinese workers' total pay package should have both wages and benefits," he said.     Liu agreed that the primary task in expanding consumption was to raise incomes. "Securing the legitimate interests of workers is particularly significant when the economy slumps. It would be like drinking poison to quench one's thirst if businesses sought to expand corporate earnings at the cost of workers' pay and benefits," he said.     Low labor costs and massive capacity have propped up China's prosperity over the past decades. But the proportion of wages to national income has been on a long decline since the 1990s.     Between 2002 and 2006 alone, economists estimate the figure dropped from 62.1 percent to 57.1 percent. Meanwhile, the contribution of consumption to GDP growth fell from 43.6 percent to 38.9 percent.     "A more meaningful index to judge the sustainability of China's economic growth would be the proportion of wages to national income," Liu said. "If this ratio did not rise, people would remain poor, and thus expanding consumption would be empty talk."     Chinese are far from wealthy. Only 4 percent of the workforce, and just 10 percent of the urban workforce, earn more than 2,000 yuan a month, the threshold for individual income tax.     As Chinese residents hold 2.43 trillion yuan in aggregate deposits, economists say one immediate way to boost consumption would be to stabilize spending on staple property -- including housing and automobiles -- and support tourism and cultural activities.     "People spend much of their money on housing and food. The government should encourage people to entertain themselves more," Wang said.     CHINA 'NO LOCOMOTIVE'     Although China might be the first major economy to recover from the downturn, economists disagree on when China will return to sustained high growth.     Morgan Stanley, for example, has forecast a firm recovery by mid-year, but said sustainable growth through 2010 would still hinge on what happens in other countries.     "China will be stronger. But will that strength be enough to allow others to follow in its footsteps? I don't think so," said Roach.     "Most of China's resilience comes from infrastructure building, roads, property consumption ... [this] won't have an impact on the United States and Europe. This resilience is only temporary while its stimulus is local rather than global."     Central bank governor Zhou Xiaochuan also warned in late April during World Bank-IMF meetings in Washington that the rebound in China's economy had to be consolidated. He said conditions in China would permit rapid economic development again, once macroeconomic policies such as the stimulus plan took effect.     Challenging internal and external conditions, he said, included continuously shrinking external demand, a relatively large decline in exports, overcapacity in some industries, falling government revenue and lingering employment pressure.     As China emerges from the shadow of the downturn, together with many of its Western partners, the world is closely watching the socialist market economy that it is still trying to develop.     It was interesting to see that there was much "the ideologically-constrained West" could learn from China, just as there was much China could learn from the West, said Roach.     "China has gone slow in many areas, especially in the opening up of its financial market. But China made the right choice," he said.     "Focusing on stability is a huge plus for China. But the nation must be vigilant in its financial policies, especially monetary and regulatory policies, and not allow asset bubbles and financial innovations it doesn't understand," said Roach.

GENEVA, April 22 (Xinhua) -- Close international cooperation is needed to fight all forms of racism and racial discrimination, which is the enemy of the whole human society, a senior Chinese diplomat said here on Wednesday.     "China proposes that the international community work closely together to form a strong united front in the fight against racism," said Li Baodong, Chinese ambassador to the United Nations Office in Geneva, in an address to the ongoing Durban Review Conference.     Governments should fully recognize the huge damage that racism has caused to various human rights, international security and human development, and pursue actively the policy of "zero tolerance" at both the national and international level, Li told more than 100 delegations participating at the anti-racism conference.     The five-day conference, which opened on Monday, is a follow-up meeting to the World Conference against Racism held in Durban, South Africa in 2001.     Delegates adopted by consensus a final anti-racism declaration on Tuesday despite the boycott of the meeting by quite a few Western countries, including the United States, citing concerns that the meeting could be used as a forum to criticize Israel.     The atmosphere of the conference was also damaged on Monday after dozens of European delegates walked out of the conference room in protest to a speech made by Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad which likened Israel to a racist regime.     According to the Chinese ambassador, countries should enhance dialog and communications to resolve political differences and refrain from creating a breeding ground for hatred.     It's of great significance that countries have gathered once again to deliberate on the issue of racism eight years after the holding of the first UN anti-racism conference, he said.     Li also stressed the need to further enhance the effectiveness of various mechanisms established after the 2001 conference to address racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, with a view to achieving better synergy, coordination, coherence and complementarity in their work.     In addition, he suggested a renewal or reinforcement of the international definition for racism, as many new forms of racism and racial discrimination are emerging along with the current global financial, food and energy crises as well as the threat of climate change.     "The Chinese government is against all forms of racism, and it has been actively engaged in various international anti-racist activities," Li said.     "With the opportunity provided by this conference, China is ready to work will all governments and the civil society to create a world free of discrimination, hatred, fear and prejudice," he added.

HELSINKI, June 25 (Xinhua) -- China and Finland on Thursday agreed to push for closer economic cooperation to tackle the ongoing global financial crisis.     Visiting Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang unveiled broad measures to work together with Finland to fight the global financial crisis after meeting with Finnish Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen. Li and Vanhanen joined a signing ceremony of several government and business agreements between the two sides, under which Li said China would purchase Finland's advanced environment-friendly technologies.     China would also send a large group of entrepreneurs to Finland within two weeks to make major purchases of Finnish goods, according to Li. Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang (1st R) holds talks with Finnish Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen in Helsinki, June 25, 2009    The two governments also planned to hold talks in August on reducing double-taxing to facilitate bilateral trade and investment activities.     Li said these measures were major fruits of his visit to Finland, adding that the measures reflected the shared political will between China and Finland to push for closer cooperation in tackling the financial crisis and opposing protectionism.     Vanhanen said that the Finnish government and the Finnish people, battered by the ongoing financial crisis, were looking forward to seeing the large group of Chinese entrepreneurs in Finland.     The Finnish leader stressed that the Sino-Finnish relations had always been solid and strong, adding that the two sides were getting increasingly closer as they took effective measures to deepen bilateral cooperation in all fields.     Vanhanen said the 2010 World Expo to be held in Shanghai, China was a good opportunity for promoting the Sino-Finnish relations, and that Finnish companies would actively participate in the event.     He promised that Finland would continue to play a constructive role in promoting China-EU relations and pushing for the lifting of an EU arms sales ban on China as soon as possible.     Vanhanen reiterated that the Finnish government would firmly adhere to the one-China policy.     During their talks, Li highlighted several key points in developing the Sino-Finnish relations.     He said China and Finland should attach strategic importance to their relations, further expand mutually beneficial economic cooperation, and create new areas for cooperation in culture and education. 

BEIJING, June 2 (Xinhua) -- China's national college entrance exam saw a decrease in candidates for the first time in the past seven years, said the Ministry of Education Tuesday.     About 10.2 million people registered to attend the upcoming exam, down 3.8 percent year on year, according to the ministry.     In contrast, candidates for the exam saw a continuous increase from 2002 to 2008, jumping from 5.27 million in 2002 to 10.5 million in 2008.     This year's examinees would have more opportunities to enter colleges as they would compete for 6.29 million seats in China's universities and colleges, up four percent from last year, the ministry's figure showed.     About half of the country's provinces and regions earlier reported a decrease in candidate number. Some media reports came to the conclusion that greater employment pressure caused by the international economic downturn led to the drop.     "I don't agree with this view," said Jiang Gang, deputy director of the ministry's college students office.     "The drop of candidate number is mainly due to the decline of senior high school graduates," he said.     Jiang, however, admitted the financial crisis did inflict great pressure the country's job market.     In China, most of the candidates for higher education are students finishing three-year study in senior high schools.     Figures from the National Bureau of Statistics showed the number of senior high school graduates decreased from 8.49 million last year to 8.34 million this year. It is estimated to be 8.03 million in 2010.     College graduates are having a hard time finding jobs this year as posts are being axed due to the economic slowdown.     China has 6.11 million college students due to graduate this year, and one million from last year are still looking for jobs, according to the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security.     Known as "gao kao" in Chinese, the national college entrance exam, which falls on June 7 to 9 each year, is the largest examination in the world. The exam can change the candidates' lives in a fiercely competitive society.

BEIJING, June 4 (Xinhua) -- A reception was held here on Thursday evening to celebrate the 35th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic ties between China and Malaysia.     Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang and Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Tun Razak addressed the reception, pledging to advance bilateral relationship to a new level.     Li said the growth of China-Malaysia ties in the past 35 years had brought tangible benefits to the two peoples, and helped promote regional peace and development.     The current sound bilateral relations profited from the traditional friendship, the broad common interests and the great importance attached by both leaders to promoting the ties, Li noted. Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang(R) cuts a cake together with his counterpart Najib Tun Razak during the evening reception to mark the 35th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relationship between China and Malaysia in Beijing, capital of China, on June 4, 2009.Under the new situation, the potentials for China-Malaysia cooperation were great, Li said, noting that China would work with Malaysia to jointly cope with the international financial crisis.     The two governments signed a joint action plan on China-Malaysia strategic cooperation on Wednesday, which outlined the political, economic, cultural, and education cooperation in the coming years.     Li hoped the two nations would fulfill the action plan and expand the bilateral strategic cooperation.     Echoing Li, Najib said his government was ready to increase cooperation with China in an all-around way, in a bid to lift bilateral ties into a new historical level.     Najib said his country was proud of becoming the first country among the members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to forge diplomatic relations with China 35 years ago.     Najib's late father, then Prime Minister Tun Abdul Razak, signed the communique on diplomatic ties with China at that time.     At a press conference here Thursday evening, Najib said that he is very delighted with the outcome of his China visit, stressing that the cornerstone of bilateral relations and the emphasis of further cooperation will still be the economic and business ties.     "My visit is not only to follow the footsteps, but more to run faster and further," said Najib, adding that he believed there is so much potential to raise the bilateral relations to the next phase.     "We are excited about the prospect between Malaysia and China, " he said.     Najib arrived here on Tuesday for a four-day official visit. China is the first country he visited outside the ASEAN since he took office in April.

来源：资阳报