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BEIJING, Dec. 30 (Xinhua) -- Accountability became a vogue word in Chinese politics in 2008, highlighted by the resignation of the chief quality supervisor.     Li Changjiang, former director of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, stepped down in September in the tainted milk scandal, days after the resignation of Shanxi Governor Meng Xuenong following a deadly landslide triggered by the collapse of an illegal mining dump.     Many junior officials also swallowed the bitter pills of penalties and resignations. In early December, the director of the construction bureau of Shijiazhuang, capital of Hebei Province, was removed from his post after six bureau officials were found gambling during work time.     Officials were even punished for dozing in meetings, such as 12local officials in Shaanxi Province, who were reprimanded in June.     "The accountability system has been taken to a new high, which reflects the method of administration as stipulated in the keynote report of the 17th Party congress," said Wu Zhongmin of the Party School of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee.     "The party underlines the idea of people first, so it is not unusual that officials are punished after public interests are infringed," Wu said.     Chinese media have used the word "storm" to describe the wave of cases in which officials were punished over accountability -- often indirect -- in accidents and scandals this year. Such events were rare in the past decade.     In southwestern Yunnan Province, 864 officials have been punished so far this year, while at least 279 in the northeastern Jilin Province have been punished since last November.     "A storm is powerful, and the accountability storm shows the country's determination to run the party and government properly," said Han Yu, professor in the Party School of the CPC Hebei Provincial Committee.     The storm also shows the power of public opinion, Han added. "There should be someone held responsible for serious infringement of public interests."     China activated the official accountability system during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) crisis in 2003. More than1,000 officials, including then Health Minister Zhang Wenkang and Beijing Mayor Meng Xuenong, were ousted for attempts to cover up the epidemic or incompetence in SARS prevention and control.     The system was later introduced at all levels of government, and more officials lost their jobs over major accidents or administrative errors.     Just days before Li's resignation, President Hu Jintao, also general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, reprimanded "some officials" over work and food safety accidents this year.     These accidents indicated that some cadres lacked a sense of responsibility and had loose governance, and some paid no attention to people's complaints and were even insensitive to life-threatening problems, Hu said.     As early as in May, a father complained about tainted milk powder after his 13-year-old daughter developed kidney stones, and the Department of Health of Gansu Province in July received a report implying problematic milk powder produced by the Sanlu Group headquartered in Shijiazhuang city.     However, the scandal was covered up until September. The Ministry of Health has said it was likely the contamination killed six babies. Another 294,000 infants suffered from urinary problems such as kidney stones.     Premier Wen Jiabao said development of enterprises and the economy should not be achieved at the cost of lives and public health, and he vowed to punish officials for major incidents.     Conditions could be tougher for officials in the future, as the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection said in late December that authorities are drafting rules to intensify the accountability system.

BEIJING, Jan. 15 (Xinhua) -- The global financial crisis is an austere test of the nation and the ruling Communist Party of China (CPC), and every Party member and official should work for economic growth, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said Thursday.     Wen, a member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau, said at a Party conference of the central and state agencies, "The world is experiencing the sort of financial crisis that has rarely been seen before, which has seriously affected our economy."     He called for confidence to achieve stable and relatively fast economic and social development.     He urged all Party members and officials to have a strong sense of responsibility and mission.     "Party members and officials must be a model of clean governance," he said. The people's trust needed to be won by sharing their trials.     In addition, Wen urged Party members and officials to avoid using public authority for personal interests and privilege.     "Be politically staunch, good in work style, and strictly disciplined. Work hard for the people, fulfill your duties, and be honest and clean," the premier said.

BEIJING, Oct. 19 (Xinhua) -- The Communist Party of China (CPC) issued a policy document on Sunday urging the improved social welfare enjoyed by the country's 900 million rural population.     The Decision on Major Issues Concerning the Advancement of Rural Reform and Development was approved by the CPC Central Committee on Oct. 12 in a plenary session.     RURAL CULTURE AND EDUCATION     The document urged for further cultural development in the country's rural areas, quoting that "rural cultural development is of great importance to building a new socialist countryside."     It demanded TV, radio and movies be more accessible in the rural areas, and more community cultural centers to be set up in the villages along with countryside libraries.     Cultural products based on rural lives and activities, which the farmers are willing to participate and have easy access to should be encouraged, the document said.     It urged urban organizations to go to the countryside to spread scientific and literacy knowledge and offer medical services to farmers, and help them break away from superstitions and build a harmonious society that advocated gender equality and honesty. Local farmers work in the fields in Wenxian County of Longnan City, northwest China's Gansu Province, on Oct. 19, 2008. Reconstruction on agriculture is accelerated in Longnan, the province's most suffered area in the May 12 earthquake that devastated China's southwest and northwest regions    The document also said efforts must be made to improve the education level in rural areas, especially for the left-behind children, those whose parents are both working in the cities, and children from economically-challenged families.     Professional trainings should be provided in townships to train farmers, while college students were encouraged to go the countryside to work.     Quality of teachers in the rural areas would be improved, along with their salaries and working conditions, the document said.     SOCIAL WELFARE AND RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE     In addition, efforts must be made to ensure all farmers can enjoy basic medicare service by sticking to the rural cooperative medical system, the document said.     It demanded every county and township should have its own medical institution, while villages in the rural areas were also encouraged to set up medical stations to provide "safe and inexpensive medical service" to farmers.     Endemic diseases, infectious diseases and disease that affects both human beings and livestock must be closely guarded against, with the focus on prevention of such illness.     The one-child policy must be adhered to in the countryside to retain a low birth rate in the rural areas, and to deal with a disproportional sex ratio, the document said.     It also demanded to accelerate the construction of a comprehensive social welfare system in the countryside.     A new old age insurance system in the rural areas should be established in the countryside with the premiums paid by the beneficiaries and the collective and government subsidies. Authorities should find ways to incorporate the system with the urban old-age insurance system, it said.     In addition, the livelihood of farmers whose land had been requisitioned must be guaranteed before the requisition procedure, the document said.     The rural minimum living allowance system must be perfected with larger subsidies from the central and provincial budget, to cover all applicable with improved benefits.     Living standards of those who receive five guarantees, namely food, clothing, medical care, housing and burial expenses provided by local governments for their lack of relatives and working abilities, should be in accordance with the average living standards of the neighborhood, the document demanded.     It also urged to improve the relief system to help farmers affected by natural disasters and boost social welfare for the old, the handicapped, the poor and orphans.     Prevention of disability and rehabilitation for the disabled must also be strengthened in the countryside, the document said.     The document highlighted the importance of infrastructure construction in the rural areas.     The committee vowed to ensure villagers to have safe drinking water within five years and townships be connected by cement roads by the end of 2010.     Efforts should be made to develop renewable energy resources, including methane, wind and solar energy, it said, adding Internet service would be accessible for more farmers.     POVERTY REDUCTION AND DISASTER RELIEF     The committee pledged to provide more low-income farmers with financial aid and give more assistance to people in remote areas, revolutionary bases, ethnic minority regions and poverty-stricken places.     International cooperation should be enhanced to fight poverty in the countryside, it read.     To install an upgraded natural disaster forecasting system and raise farmers' awareness of emergency response and relief was also one of the document's high points.     The capacity of forecasting disastrous weather, ecological disasters and monitoring earthquakes should be strengthened and more needs to be done to promote farmers' disaster prevention and relief awareness, it said.     The paper also set the direction for public facility safety standards, saying schools and hospital buildings should all be safe and up to construction standards.     All-out efforts should be made to restore the agriculture work in the area struck by the May 12 Sichuan earthquake and more measures need to be adopted to heal and improve the ecological conditions in the quake-hit region, it noted.     HARMONIOUS SOCIETY IN THE COUNTRYSIDE     It also emphasized the importance of maintaining a "harmonious" and "stable" environment in the countryside.     More channels should be opened to solicit farmers' opinions and address their complaints and problems, said the paper, adding leaders should pay frequent visits to farmers and solve villagers' problems at the grassroot level.     The committee further underscored ethnic relations. The equal, united, mutually-aided and harmonious ethnic relations should be consolidated and developed, it said.     Interference with village affairs by any religious groups or clans would be objected; evil cults in villages were prohibited and any mafia-style force would incur severe crackdown, it said. Local farmers work in the fields in Wenxian County of Longnan City, northwest China's Gansu Province, on Oct. 19, 2008. Reconstruction on agriculture is accelerated in Longnan, the province's most suffered area in the May 12 earthquake that devastated China's southwest and northwest regions

BEIJING, Jan. 21 (Xinhua) -- China's State Council, or Cabinet, passed a long awaited medical reform plan which promised to spend 850 billion yuan (123 billion U.S. dollars) by 2011 to provide universal medical service to the country's 1.3 billion population.     The plan was studied and passed at Wednesday's executive meeting of the State Council chaired by Premier Wen Jiabao.     Medical reform has been deliberated by authorities since 2006.     Growing public criticism of soaring medical fees, a lack of access to affordable medical services, poor doctor-patient relationship and low medical insurance coverage compelled the government to launch the new round of reforms.     According to the reform plan, authorities would take measures within three years to provide basic medical security to all Chinese in urban and rural areas, improve the quality of medical services, and make medical services more accessible and affordable for ordinary people.     The meeting decided to take the following five measures by 2011:     -- Increase the amount of rural and urban population covered by the basic medical insurance system or the new rural cooperative medical system to at least 90 percent by 2011. Each person covered by the systems would receive an annual subsidy of 120 yuan from 2010.     -- Build a basic medicine system that includes a catalogue of necessary drugs produced and distributed under government control and supervision starting from this year. All medicine included would be covered by medical insurance, and a special administration for the system would be established.     -- Improve services of grassroots medical institutions, especially hospitals at county levels, township clinics or those in remote villages, and community health centers in less developed cities.     -- Gradually provide equal public health services in both rural and urban areas in the country.     -- Launch a pilot program starting from this year to reform public hospitals in terms of their administration, operation and supervision, in order to improve the quality of their services.     Government at all levels would invest 850 billion yuan by 2011 in order to carry out the five measures according to preliminary estimates.     The meeting said the five measures aimed to provide universal basic medical service to all Chinese citizens, and pave the road for further medical reforms.     The meeting also decided to publish a draft amendment to the country's regulation on the administration on travel agencies for public debate.     It also ratified a list of experts and scholars who would receive special government allowances.

BEIJING, Oct. 15 (Xinhua) -- China's senior political advisors convened here on Wednesday to discuss the new Party decision on rural reform and advice on the issue.     During the four-day third meeting of the Standing Committee of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) National Committee, political advisors were expected to carefully review the decision made at the third Plenary Session of the 17th Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee that closed on Sunday, said Jia Qinglin, the CPPCC National Committee chairman who presided over the meeting.     The CPPCC had made great efforts to study the issues of agriculture, rural development and improving farmers' life, he said. "We hope political advisors can present their findings, put forward proposals and contribute to the rural reform and development." Jia Qinglin (C), chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), addresses the opening session of the 3rd meeting of the standing committee of CPPCC's 11th national committee in Beijing, capital of China, on Oct. 15, 2008    Vice Premier Hui Liangyu was invited to give a presentation of the new CPC decision to the advisors at the meeting.     In the decision, the CPC summed up the experiences of the past three decades of rural reform, analyzed chances and challenges the country faced and worked out a guideline for the future, Hui said. Photo taken on Oct. 15, 2008 shows the opening session of the 3rd meeting of the standing committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC) 11th national committee in Beijing, capital of China, on Oct. 15, 2008.

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