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BEIJING, Feb. 19 (Xinhua) -- U.S. political rhetoric has recently been obsessed with the exchange rate of the renminbi. President Barack Obama has indicated on several occasions that he would take a tougher stance on this issue in order to address trade imbalances between his country and China.But does the renminbi hold the key to this issue? What are the backstage calculations behind those demands from Washington?RENMINBI A WRONG TARGETWhile addressing Democratic senators early this month, Obama said the issue of renminbi exchange rate must be addressed to ensure that American products will not be put into a huge competitive disadvantage given the fact that China is going to be one of America's biggest markets.In an interview with Businessweek on Feb. 10, Obama said he and Chinese leaders are going to have some "very serious negotiations" on the renminbi issue.Supporters of Obama include economists such as Gary Hufbauer, a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics. Those experts say China's huge trade surplus is a result of an undervalued renminbi. Appreciation of the Chinese currency, in their view, would re-balance China's international trade.However, the validity of such argument is questionable.The Japanese yen, for example, has been appreciated enormously against the U.S. dollar over the past 40 years. Yet Japan's trade surplus with the United States has been continuously on the increase over the same period.The case with the Japanese yen has clearly demonstrated that international payment is not necessarily entirely linked to currency exchange rates. International trade balance is rather determined by international division of labor and product competitiveness.Stephen King, chief economist of the HSBC bank, said it is unreasonable to simply attribute China's big trade surplus to an undervalued currency. China's high savings rate is a more important factor in this respect, he told Xinhua.Nobel Prize laureate Andrew Michael Spence shared King's argument."Reducing the surplus in China involves deep structural change, much as reducing the U.S. deficits does. China's high savings are embedded in the structure of the economy," Spence wrote in Jan. 21's Financial Times.Without structural change, an appreciation of the renminbi might well lead to continued high savings and slow economic growth in China, rather than to a reduction of China's trade surplus, he wrote.International Monetary Fund (IMF) chief economist Olivier Blanchard believes that renminbi appreciation is not a solution for the U.S. economy.According to an IMF model, the American GDP will grow by 1 percent when the renminbi appreciates by 20 percent and other major Asian currencies also appreciate by a similar margin, he told Xinhua."This would be good news for U.S. growth. But this is clearly not enough, by itself to sustain growth in the United States," said Blanchard.World Bank chief economist and Vice President Justin Yifu Lin also said that the appreciation of the renminbi will not solve the problem of trade imbalance between China and the United States. On the contrary, such a move might damage both economies.CHINA BASHING NOT HELPFULObama has frequently attacked China over the renminbi issue in recent months. His motives are thought-provoking.In an article titled "Obama bashes China in order to win midterm elections," Japanese weekly Choice pointed out that after one year in office, the U.S. president now faces a sharp drop in approval ratings, a double-digit unemployment ratio and the loss of Democratic "supermajority" in the Senate.Trying to win the midterm elections under such circumstances, Obama had moved toward a "China-bashing" policy since the end of last year, including imposing high tariffs on Chinese products and pressuring China on renminbi exchange rate.But the truth is China has become the largest victim of U.S. trade protectionism since the outbreak of the global financial crisis.According to statistics released by the United States International Trade Commission, there were roughly 50 trade remedy cases filed by the United States between January and November 2009, half of which targeted China.At the end of last year, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said in an exclusive interview with Xinhua that some foreign countries kept asking China to appreciate its currency while using various protectionist measures against China. Their real motive was to contain China's growth, he said.Wen reiterated that China will never yield to external pressures on the exchange rate issue.In essence, a country's exchange rate policy is a matter of sovereignty.During a meeting with a visiting delegation of U.S. Chamber of Commerce in May 2005, Wen made it clear that the reform of renminbi's exchange rate was a sovereign right of China, and that every country had the right to choose a foreign exchange system compatible to its own national conditions and a reasonable exchange rate level.Wen said China would obey the rules of a market economy, but would never give in under foreign pressure.Any foreign pressure or attempt to manipulate the issue via news media represented a politicization of economic issues, which was unhelpful, the premier added.George Gilder, founder of Discovery Institute, said that it is neither realistic nor helpful for the United States to raise the renminbi exchange rate issue again with China.Pieter Bottelier, former chief of the World Bank's Resident Mission in China, told Xinhua that China and the United States share broad common interests.A prosperous, stable and strong China is in the interests of the United States and vice versa, said Bottelier. The two nations need to settle their differences through various dialogue mechanisms, he added.In recent years, China has been making efforts to balance international. The renminbi has been steadily appreciated against the U.S. dollar and the euro.Between July 2005, when China began its renminbi exchange rate reform, and the end of 2009, the value of the renminbi has appreciated by 21.21 percent against the U.S. dollar and up by 2.21 percent against the euro.Under such circumstances, China has been the fastest growing export market for the United States in recent years.In 2009, U.S. exports to China amounted to 77.4 billion dollars, accounting for an increasingly larger share in the country's total exports.During the same period, U.S. trade deficits with China dropped by 16 percent year-on-year.In the Asian financial crisis of late 1990s, China won worldwide applause for keeping a stable exchange rate of the renminbi.In the ongoing global financial crisis, while the world's major currencies all lost value, China has remained committed to a responsible renminbi exchange rate policy and has made significant contributions to the recovery of the global economy.Many experts familiar to China-U.S. trade pointed out that in order to achieve trade balance, the United States should take positive and concrete steps, such as increasing hi-tech exports to China and allowing Chinese firms to acquire shares in U.S. financial and technology sectors.

BEIJING, Feb. 25 (Xinhua) -- China defended its move to reduce its holdings of U.S. Treasury securities, saying the United States should take steps to promote confidence in U.S. dollar .Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang made the comment Thursday when responding to questions on China's sale of U.S. Treasury securities last December.Qin said the issue should be viewed from two perspectives.He said on the one hand, China always followed the principle of "ensuring safety, liquidity and good value" in managing its foreign exchange reserve. And when it came to how much and when China buys the bonds, the decision should be made taking into account the market and China's need, so as to realize rational deployment of China's foreign exchange property, he said.And on the other hand, the United States should take concrete steps to beef up the international market's confidence in the U.S. dollar, Qin said.The way to view the issue was similar to doing business, he said.China trimmed its holdings of U.S. debt by 34.2 billion U.S. dollars in December 2009, leaving Japan the largest holder of U.S. Treasury securities, the U.S. Treasury Department reported on Feb. 16.As of the end of November last year, China held 789.6 billion U.S. dollars of U.S. Treasury bonds.

BEIJING, Jan. 24 (Xinhua) -- One of China's two leading State-owned shipbuilders, China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (CSIC), said Sunday that its profit in 2009 jumped 18.5 percent to 7.39 billion yuan (1.1 billion U.S. dollars).The Beijing-based conglomerate, which consists nearly 50 industrial subsidiaries and about 30 R&D institutes in northern China, also said its operating income rose 17 percent in 2009 to 120.9 billion yuan.General manager Li Changyin said the CSIC had overcome the impact of the global financial crisis, which crippled the global sea-based trade and brought down ship orders.Li said technological innovations had enabled the CSIC to build 180,000-dwt bulkers, 320,000-dwt oil tankers, 13,000-TEU containers as well as new types of drilling platform which can be used in water depths up to 400 feet (120 meters).According to Li, CSIC had also been actively engaged in non-ship businesses including manufacturing of wind power and nuclear power equipment, accounting for 40 percent of the CSIC's business volume.Li said the CSIC profit target for 2010 was 8 billion yuan. The operating income was expected to surpass 140 billion yuan and the CSIC output in 2010 was likely to break 10 million dwt (deadweight tonnage), he added.The CSIC, which has more than 140,000 manpower, launched an initial public share offer at the Shanghai Stock Exchange in December 2009 and raised some 6.4 billion yuan.The CSIC's main shipbuilding and industrial enterprises are based in cities of Dalian, Qingdao, Tianjin, Shanhaiguan and Wuchang.The other major shipbuilding conglomerate in China -- the China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC) is based in Shanghai, whose turf is mainly in eastern and southern China.

BEIJING, Feb.7 (Xinhua) -- China's railway network has transported 5.03 million passengers as of Feb. 6, the eighth day of the country's annual Spring Festival transport peak lasting from Jan. 30 to March 10 this year, said the Ministry of Railway (MOR) Sunday.The figure was 105,000 more than that in the same time last year, up 2.1 percent year on year, according to the MOR. Passengers enter the railway station under a shelter against the rain in Guangzhou, south China's Guangdong Province, Feb. 7, 2010. In spite of a heavy rain, the Guangzhou Railway Station was estimated to transport 230,000 passengers on Saturday, 5,000 more than the peak day of last yearBeijing railways have transported 347,418 passengers by Feb.6, and the figures in Guangzhou and Shanghai stood at 576,710 and 325,190, the MOR said.The MOR had forecasted in January that China's railways were expected to transport 210 million passengers during the Lunar New Year travel rush, up 9.5 percent year on year.  Passengers enter the railway station under a shelter against the rain in Guangzhou, south China's Guangdong Province, Feb. 7, 2010. In spite of a heavy rain, the Guangzhou Railway Station was estimated to transport 230,000 passengers on Saturday, 5,000 more than the peak day of last year.

BEIJING, Feb. 10 (Xinhua) -- China has decided to draft new guidelines for poverty reduction through development for the next ten years, according to a statement of an executive meeting of the State Council held Wednesday.The meeting was chaired by Premier Wen Jiabao.Participants of the meeting heard a report on the implementation of China's Rural Poverty Alleviation and Development Program (2001-2010).The statement said that Chinese government has made great efforts to lift the rural poor out of poverty by development in the past decade and has met the United Nations Millennium Development Goal (MDG) to halve the the proportion of people living on less than one U.S.dollar a day "ahead of schedule".Other strides achieved by China are: noticeable improvement in the economic strength and infrastructure in impoverished regions, ecological degradation being brought under control, according to the statement.The country is also said to have made good progress in construction of a social security network, which has been extended to cover the nation's rural areas with the establishment of a minimum living standard system, the new rural cooperative medical system and the pilot old-age insurance system.The statement said China had been charged with an uphill task in poverty alleviation due to factors such as a large impoverished population, frequent threats of natural disasters, deep-rooted conflicts restraining the development of the poor areas.The poverty reduction departments were told to intensify the relief work by integrating the development of urban and rural areas, and uphold the policy of supporting the poor through economic development.The statement also called for great efforts in the forthcoming decade to ensure the rural per capita net income enjoying a higher growth than the national average.Efforts should also be made to gradually improve the health, the living standard, and capabilities of steady progress for the poor, said the statement.