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BEIJING, Aug. 16 (Xinhuanet) -- Almost one in four Chinese students aged between 12 and 14 have tried smoking, according to the results of a survey released by the Chinese Association on Tobacco Control (CATC).The survey, carried out among 38,839 students and 6,503 teachers from middle and high schools in 11 provinces across the country between May and June, showed that 22.5 percent of students aged between 12 and 14 had tried smoking and that 15.8 percent of middle and high school students smoke regularly."There are definitely quite a number of boy students in my class who smoke regularly as some have been found smoking outside campus during lunch break," said Li Xiaolan, an English teacher from a high school in Shanghai. The survey also found that 39 percent of students took their first cigarette from their classmates."It was quite common to smoke with my classmates at school and we usually smoked in toilets or in corners of the playground after lunch," said Zhou Guangrong, a 22-year-old university student from Guiyang, Guizhou province, who started smoking when he was 12.The majority of student smokers buy cigarettes themselves and about 76 percent of the adolescent smokers said that there is at least one cigarette shop within 200 meters from their school."When I was a student at middle and high schools, they were surrounded by cigarette shops," said Zhou who used to smoke two cigarettes per day in primary school and two packs per week in middle and high school."We're keen to show that more adolescents are starting smoking much younger than before, and that we need to minimize the number of young smokers," said Duan Jiali, secretary-general of the youth tobacco control commission under CATC. Duan added that teachers and parents should set a good example for teenagers by not smoking in front of them at school or at home, which is the most influential way of stopping adolescents from smoking.China banned smoking in 16 types of public indoor venues - including hospitals, schools, bars, restaurants and hotels - on May 1 in an attempt to curb tobacco use in the country with the world's largest number of smokers.Currently, there are more than 300 million smokers in China, and about 1.2 million people die from smoking-related diseases every year, accounting for one-fifth of the world's total, according to statistics from the World Health Organization."Meanwhile, about 540 million people are exposed to secondhand smoke, 48.9 percent of which are adolescents (from 15 to 19 years old)," said Xu Guihua, deputy director of the CATC."It's essential and urgent for us to control the number of adult smokers who potentially tempt adolescents to smoke."

SHENZHEN, June 18 (Xinhua) -- China established its first national gene bank on Friday in south China's city of Shenzhen with the support of the Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), officials said.With the establishment of the National Gene Bank in Shenzhen, China will be able to better protect, research and utilize its precious genetic resources, boosting the genetics industry and safeguarding the country's genetic information, said Qi Chengyuan, head of the high-tech industry department of the National Development and Reform Committee (NDRC).The gene bank, which was approved by the NDRC in January, is based on data and facilities belonging to the BGI, but will grow with the help of extensive cooperation with other biological organizations both home and abroad, Qi said.The national gene bank "aims to lead the development of international bioindustry as one of the world's largest gene banks," said Yang Huanming, the BGI's president.The BGI, the world's largest genome-mapping institute, has more than 1,000 biological analysis devices working with top-of-the-line genome-sequencing machines.Analysts say the BGI differs from conventional labs, as it can handle data in vast quantities and industrialize its research. Some believe lower wages in China have also contributed to the BGI's competitiveness.Yang Bicheng, the BGI's spokesman, said the payment and welfare packages BGI offers are competitive in China's bioindustry."A researcher with about two years of experience earns around 100,000 yuan (15,440 U.S. dollars) a year. More outstanding researchers can get more, but the gap is not too great," Yang said.Yang said greater motivation comes from better prospects for academic achievements."Our young researchers can work with the world's leading scientists, participate in global science projects and be pioneers in new fields of research. Only BGI offers these kinds of opportunities in China," Yang said.The BGI has published 18 research papers in Science Magazine and the Nature Journal since 2007. The facility has become an international center for genome research and industrialization, with advanced technology and top talent, said Ji Xiaoming, head of the international cooperation department of the Ministry of Science and Technology.China is working to make its genetic research industry into one of the country's pillar industries.A plan approved by the State Council, or China's cabinet, in October 2010 said China will boost the industry by encouraging innovation, promoting industrial application of biological research, fostering market demand and deepening international cooperation.

CANBERRA, Aug. 29 (Xinhua) -- An Australia report released on Monday draws a direct link between inaction on climate change and long-term social and mental health problems.The Climate Institute report, A Climate of Suffering: The Real Cost of Living with Inaction on Climate Change, points that in the wake of extreme weather in Australia, such as cyclones and droughts, there is an increase in depression, anxiety, post- traumatic stress and substance abuse.As many as one in five people reported "emotional injury, stress and despair" in the wake of these events.The report also warns continuing catastrophic weather events are creating anxiety and insecurity for children at levels not seen since the Cold War.It claims one in 10 children of primary school age showed symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder after Cyclone Larry in 2006.According to Professor Ian Hickie, from the Brain & Mind Institute, regional and remote communities are most vulnerable to the impact of climate change.He said a recent study of rural New South Wales where, following the long drought, self-harm and suicide rose by up to eight percent."I think what we are seeing now is a much more significant counting of not just the short-term costs and reactions but the longer-term costs, the loss of community cohesion and that being essential to people's long-term mental health," Professor Hickie."The drought was a particularly instructive event for everyone in Australia and we saw a lot of focus for the first time on the mental health effects, particularly suicides in rural families, the effect on rural communities of prolonged examples of weather change," Hickie said.Climate Institute chief executive John Connor said that not only did natural disasters cost taxpayers about nine billion U.S. dollars last year, but there are also damaging Australia's social fabric.He said that with Australian regions increasingly exposed to extreme weather, recognizing and managing the risks of climate change is essential, and it is an insurance policy to protect Australia's communities.The study came as the political and social debate over Australian federal government's proposed carbon tax intensifies.In 2007, a report by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) projected the effects of various greenhouse gas emission scenarios for 2030, 2050 and 2070.It said droughts were likely to become more frequent, fire danger was set to increase and tropical cyclones were likely to become more intense.