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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The topic of voter fraud has been in the spotlight more than usual this election cycle, with President Donald Trump encouraging supporters to volunteer as poll watchers and tweeting about election-related fraud at least eight times in the last week.There are several categories of voter fraud, including ineligible voting by non-citizens or felons; or double voting, when someone illegally casts more than one ballot.Voter fraud is cheating by voters themselves, which is distinct from other forms of election malfeasance, and there have been dozens of studies aimed at measuring it over the last few years.There are essentially two types of academic research on voter fraud: studies that examine documented cases of voter fraud, such as ones mentioned in news articles or criminal prosecutions; and studies that try to predict how much fraud might be going undetected, using advanced statistics and artificial intelligence techniques.Pam Smith, the former president of the non-partisan Verified Voting Foundation, summarizes the research on documented voter fraud this way: “There's an infinitesimal amount of voter fraud where a voter is intentionally doing something fraudulent.”A 2007 study by the Brennan Center at New York University calculated the rate of voter fraud in three elections in the early 2000s at between 0.0003% to 0.0025%.The odds of being struck by lightning in a given year is 0.0002%.The Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank, keeps a database of known cases of voter fraud. It now has 1,298 examples.The examples date back to 1982 and cover both presidential and off-year contests. There were more than 1 billion votes cast in presidential contests alone during that span.But those are the known cases. What about undetected cases of voter fraud?This is an area of study called election forensics, where researchers use advanced statistics and machine learning to estimate irregularities.One study by researchers at Harvard and Stanford universities looked at voter registration data in the 2012 election and used algorithms to estimate that the maximum amount of double voting was .02%, or 1 out of every 4,000 ballots.But the researchers also showed that most, if not all, of these possible double votes, could have actually been innocent clerical errors. The researchers audited poll books in Philadelphia and found a 1% error rate; an error rate of 1.3% would be enough to explain all of the irregularities.There are other kinds of fraud, called election fraud, like the illegal ballot harvesting in North Carolina’s 9th District in 2018. But Smith, of Verified Voting, said those cases are actually easier to catch because they typically involve multiple people.In the very rare cases when they do happen, judges can order an election re-do.“Fraud on any kind of massive scale, as we've heard talked about, that doesn't happen,” Smith said. “And there are safeguards and guardrails in place to prevent it.”Smith said California’s guardrails include pre-election testing of voting machines and other equipment and audits after the election.California voters can also sign up for a free tool called “Where’s My Ballot?” The service will send automated alerts the moment your ballot is received and counted. 3270

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — This isn't the first time the idea of an aerial tram in San Diego has been floated around. But it is the first time the idea of one from the airport has been raised.A feasibility study, completed by engineering firm WSP USA, proposed a "skyway" to connect San Diego International Airport to the convention center could be built with current aerial cableway technology.The study suggests the aerial cableway "has the potential to enhance mobility within the study area." The transit system could include intermediate stations at Santa Fe Depot, Seaport Village, the Embarcadero, and in the Marina District.Riders would also be able to connect to MTS, Coaster, and Amtrak stations, the study says.The skyway would cost about 0 million to 0 million to construct and about million to million to operate every year, the study says.The study adds the skyway could make 1.1 million and 1.6 million trips a year, or about 3,600 to 4,900 trips a day. An aerial cableway could transport about 2,400 people per hour per direction, with cabins holding eight to 12 people, according to the study.In the study, the skyway begins at the Gaslamp Quarter trolley station near Harbor Dr. and 5th Ave., and roughly follow Harbor Dr., Kettner Blvd., Broadway, and Harbor Dr. again to the airport, ultimately ending at passenger terminals. IS IT POSSIBLE?While the study determined a skyway is feasible, it did not say whether it would be the best method for mobility to alleviate traffic between the airport and downtown.A system of this kind would also be a first in the U.S. New York and Oregon are both home to point-to-point aerial cableways: the Portland Aerial Tram and Roosevelt Island Tram. But a system with intermediate stops hasn't been implemented in the U.S.Large aerial systems already exist in South America, Europe, and Asia. Many of those systems make intermediate stops and help with transportation through topographically challenging areas, the study says.It's not the first time an aerial method of public transportation has been suggested in San Diego. An aerial tram from the San Diego Bay to Balboa Park was introduced in another feasibility study in 2015.Read the full airport "Skyway" study here. 2287

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - The suspect in the shooting death of a man near the 24 Hour Fitness in the Midway area is an undocumented immigrant with a prior immigration violation, according to law enforcement sources.San Diego Police arrived at the rear parking lot of the gym at 3675 Midway Drive February 25 to find Alexander Mazin, 27, suffering from a gunshot wound to the torso. He died at the scene.After the shooting, officers surrounded an apartment at 30th St and Upas in North Park. The standoff ended hours later without an arrest.RELATED: Parents of Midway shooting victim describe son's life, violent murderLaw enforcement sources told 10News the suspect, Ernesto Castellanos Martinez, had a prior “voluntary departure” agreement which meant he had been asked to leave the country after an immigration conviction in 2004. He left, but eventually made it back into the U.S.Mazin’s family said Castellanos had previously been in a relationship with Mazin’s girlfriend of three months.Two weeks before the shooting, Castellanos had attacked the woman while she was working out with Mazin at a gym, Mazin’s parents said.RELATED: Police release pictures of Midway District homicide suspectTheir son’s death has galvanized their support for President Donald Trump’s plan to build a wall across the southern border.“I want President Trump to know about this,” Jeffrey Mazin told 10News. “I want him to be aware there was a true patriot, a wonderful human being that was an exemplary citizen that was lost because of this problem with our border.”But framing their son’s death as an immigration problem worries Dulce Garcia, an immigration attorney and an undocumented immigrant herself.She has protection from deportation through Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA). To her, immigration status should be irrelevant in this case.“Someone is going to commit a crime whether they are undocumented here or not,” she argues.Garcia said her reason is that people like herself, who are otherwise law-abiding members of society, are put at higher risk for deportation when they get grouped in with criminal fugitives.“That’s the truly terrifying part for me because I don’t think that’s American. I don’t think we as a nation agree to paint any group based on what one person’s actions did,” said Garcia.Castellanos remains at large. The victim’s family said police believe he may have fled to Mexico.A reward has been issued for his arrest. Anyone with information can report tips anonymously to San Diego Crime Stoppers. 2529

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - The second phase of the San Diego's styrofoam ban went into effect Friday. Local restaurants are ditching styrofoam for environmentally friendly products. Customers will see more sustainable items made from paper and aluminum. The transition to more sustainable produces also comes with a price. "It's a little more expensive but we understand why we have to do it," said Maggie Rojas from Giorgino's Cheesesteaks in Golden Hill. "Little by little we started the transition, so we didn't wait until the last minute to do it.""We all care about the environment so we want to help out," said Rojas. "It’s a big problem."There are some exceptions to the rules. Grocery stores will be able to use styrofoam trays for packaging raw meat, fish and poultry through 2021. Businesses who made less than 0,000 last year will have until February 2020 to adhere to the new rules. For a full list of the items that are banned, click here. 955

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Three rescued pilot whales have been transported to San Diego to continue their recovery from a mass stranding in 2012.SeaWorld San Diego welcomed 7-year-old short-finned pilot whales — Ace, Ava, and Piper — to the park Monday from SeaWorld's Orlando park. The three whales are the only surviving pilot whales from a mass stranding event near Fort Pierce, Fla., in 2012.The trio was rescued and rehabilitated by SeaWorld Orlando, but the National Marine Fisheries Service determined the three whales couldn't be returned to the wild since they were dependent calves at the time of their rescue.The whales will also join Argo, a pilot whale rescued after stranding on a beach near Kamogawa, Japan, in 2004. Argo was transported from Japan to San Diego in 2012.The new pilot whales are currently adjusting to their new habitat at the Dolphin Amphitheater and will be introduced to Argo over the next several days, SeaWorld says.As part of the transport, two of SeaWorld San Diego's beluga whales have been relocated to SeaWorld San Antonio. 1065