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WASHINGTON, Jan. 1 (Xinhua) -- Twin U.S. spacecraft to study the moon from crust to core put themselves into the lunar orbit on New Year's Eve and New Year's Day, the country's space agency said.The second Gravity Recovery And Interior Laboratory, or GRAIL-B, reached its lunar orbit at 5:43 p.m. EST (2243 GMT) on Sunday, according to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).The GRAIL-A started orbiting the moon at 5 p.m. (2200 GMT) Saturday.The insertion maneuvers placed the spacecraft into a near-polar, elliptical orbit with an orbital period of approximately 11.5 hours, NASA said.Over the coming weeks, the GRAIL team will execute a series of burns with each spacecraft to reduce their orbital period to just under two hours. At the start of the science phase in March 2012, the twin GRAILs will be in a near-polar, near-circular orbit with an altitude of about 55 km."NASA greets the new year with a new mission of exploration," Administrator Charles Bolden said in a statement. "The twin GRAIL spacecraft will vastly expand our knowledge of our moon and the evolution of our own planet."During GRAIL's science mission, the two probes will transmit radio signals precisely defining the distance between them. As they fly over areas of greater and lesser gravity caused by visible features such as mountains, craters and masses hidden beneath the lunar surface, the distance between the twin spacecraft will change slightly.Scientists will translate this information into a high-resolution map of the moon's gravitational field.The data will allow scientists to understand what goes on below the lunar surface and increase knowledge of how Earth and its rocky neighbors in the inner solar system developed into the diverse worlds we see today.

BEIJING, Oct. 21 (Xinhua) -- Vice President Xi Jinping has said China is willing to cooperate with Russia on strategic security matters, and that the two nations should work more closely on bilateral and multilateral issues.Xi made the remarks on Thursday in his meeting with Russian Security Council Secretary Nikolai Patrushev, according to a press release issued by the Chinese Foreign Ministry on Friday.China will work more closely with Russia in order to strengthen communication and coordination on regional and international issues, Xi said.Patrushev is in Beijing to co-chair the sixth round of China-Russia strategic security talks with Chinese State Councilor Dai Bingguo.Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (R) shakes hands with Russian Security Council Secretary Nikolai Patrushev (L) in Beijing, capital of China on Oct. 20, 2011.Xi spoke highly of the contribution made by the China-Russia strategic security talks in boosting bilateral political mutual trust and strategic coordination, calling on the two sides to step up strategic coordination in a bid to better safeguard the common interests of the two nations and promote peace and stability in the world.Citing the significant and profound transition of the international situation, Xi said the two nations face opportunities as well as challenges in maintaining a strategically secure environment for their own development.On bilateral relations, Xi said China always prioritizes its relations with Russia in the country's foreign policy. He expressed China's willingness to make concerted efforts with Russia to push forward bilateral cooperation in the political, economic, energy, science and technology fields.Russia was highly satisfied with the current development of the bilateral ties, Patrushev said, proposing the two sides should strengthen strategic communication, expand mutual trust and cement coordination in multilateral organizations such as the United Nations and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.China-Russia strategic security talks were initiated by leaders of the two countries in 2005.

BEIJING,Nov. 9 (Xinhuanet) – Yinghuo-1, China's first interplanetary spacecraft, is set to hitch a ride with Russia's Phobos-Grunt Mars mission in the early hours on Wednesday, after a two-year delay.A Zenit-2SB rocket will carry Yinghuo-1 and Phobos-Grunt into space from the Baikonur Cosmodrome launch site in Kazakhstan.It is China and Russia's first joint Mars operation and also marks China's first voyage to the Red Planet, China Great Wall Industry Corp said in a news release on Tuesday.Yinghuo-1 will work in orbit with Phobos-Grunt for more than 12 months in collecting data on the Martian atmosphere.Both spacecraft will travel for more than 10 months before entering Martian orbit. During the trip, Yinghuo-1's power supply, communications and temperature gauge will be controlled from the Russian craft, scientists said.Both craft will orbit the planet three times before decoupling. The 106-kg Yinghuo-1 will circle Mars in an elliptical orbit, while Phobos-Grunt will actually land on Phobos, one of the two Martian moons, and bring back soil samples to Earth."The collaboration with Russia will enhance China's ability in deep space exploration, improve spacecraft design and development, and promote planetary exploration," said an unnamed official with the corp, a subsidiary of the China Aerospace Science & Technology Corp. Russia's Lavochkin Research and Production Association signed a cooperation contract, based on an agreement between the Chinese and Russian governments, with China Great Wall Industry Corp in 2007.Yinghuo-1, with a two-year lifespan, also has its own scientific goals.These include analyzing the planet's magnetic environment and ionosphere (upper atmosphere), taking images of topographical features and studying gravity fields on the Martian equator.Pang Zhihao, deputy editor-in-chief of the monthly publication, Space International, said China's focus on the planet's upper atmosphere is significant.Twenty detectors have explored parts of Mars, but most of them have looked for traces of life or water or places suitable for setting up colonies, he said.But studying the upper atmosphere is also vital if humans are to live on the planet, he said.The mission was set for October 2009, but later postponed to this year to enhance the reliability of the project.Only the United States, the former Soviet Union and the European Union have succeeded in landing probes on Mars. Five are in operation, four belong to the US and one belongs to the EU.At least 21 probes sent to the planet have failed. The Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology under the CASC, which designed Yinghuo-1 in 23 months, said that the satellite posed a major technological challenge as the furthest space destination for China before had been the moon. The moon's average distance from Earth is about 384,000 km. The distance between Mars and Earth, depending on orbits, ranges from approximately 55 million km to about 350 million km.Yinghuo-1 will have to endure periods in the freezing dark side of the planet.It underwent simulated tests that matched the Martian temperature, - 260 C.Because of the distances involved, the satellite cannot rely on ground control to adjust position. It will rely on its own onboard computer, scientists said.

SANTO DOMINGO, Sept. 30 (Xinhua) -- Haitian health authorities on Friday said the number of deaths caused by cholera increased to 6,435 in the Caribbean country since October 2010.The Haitian Health Ministry said the number of people infected with cholera almost reached half a million, although the ministry repeated the epidemic was decreasing.The report said 455,727 people had been treated due to cholera, and 242,205 had to be hospitalized.The western province of Artibonite suffered the plague most with 1,196 deaths. The southwest province of Nippes registered the smallest death toll of 181.Meanwhile, in the Haitian capital Port-au-Prince, 221 people have been killed since October 2010 when the epidemic first broke out in central Haiti.The epidemic is supposedly due to the spill of dregs from a Nepalese camp, which is part of the UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH).The Dominican Republic, a country neighboring the island country Haiti to the east, has also been suffering the disease since November 2010, which has killed at least 135 people there.

JERUSALEM, Dec. 11 (Xinhua) -- Kfir Damari, a communication systems engineer, has a dream: to land a miniature spacecraft on the moon sometime in 2013.Damari is one of the founders of Team SpaceIL, a non-profit organization representing Israel in the Google Lunar X Competition. The prize: 20 million U.S. dollars to the first of the 26 international teams currently registered that lands an unmanned craft on the moon, moves it a minimum of 500 meters across the lunar surface and transmits live high-resolution images back to earth."It's a tough mission, but I believe that if everyone in Israel joins hands it's possible," Damari told Xinhua.It is exactly the kind of entrepreneurial spirit that Israel, a country largely void of natural resources, counts on to make it a global leader in technological innovation.The two other men behind the initiative are Yonatan Winetraub, 25, a systems engineer at Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) and a graduate of NASA's International Space University, and Yariv Bash, 31, a computer scientist and electronics engineer. The three first met at an innovation conference held by IAI a year ago.They describe the lander as a nano-satellite, whose design was revealed at the project's official inauguration ceremony on Thursday. The vessel weighs 100 kg, 80 percent of which are fuel, and is outfitted with rocket boosters and a panoramic camera."It's somewhat of a cellular phone sitting on a large fuel tank. All the technology that we require is basically contained in a typical smartphone with its communication and imaging features," Damari said.Launched in 2007, the Lunar X Prize aims to encourage space enthusiasts and engineers worldwide to develop cheap technologies for robotic space exploration.The Israelis have slated a modest 15 million U.S. dollars for the endeavor, 90 percent of which must come from private contributions according to the competition's rules. They have already raised 3.5 million dollars.The fact that they have formed a non-profit NGO in itself is worthy of praise. Most other teams have obtained the patronage of private corporations for whom money is not a problem, with some reportedly allotting up to 100 million U.S. dollars.To compensate for the disparities in funding, Damari and his partners have enlisted the support of 120 local volunteers, many of them engineers holding top positions in the technological and scientific community as well as the country's leading defense industries.Rona Ramon, the widow of Israeli astronaut Ilan Ramon killed aboard the Columbia Space Shuttle in 2003, was one of the sponsors too.In a bid to keep costs down, SpaceIL is heavily relying on the existing knowledge accumulated by Israel's defense industries over the past decades in building and launching mainly small, lightweight communications and military surveillance satellites into space.The challenge, Damari said, is to take that know-how a step further. The professionals who have volunteered for the project, among them some of Israel's most revered space experts, are currently grappling with several issues, including the ignition system, optic-visual navigation, beaming imagery to earth and the intricacies of enabling the nano-satellite a smooth lunar landing.SpaceIL is still searching for a third party that they will lease to launch their vehicle into space. Once there, they will have to navigate it to the moon on their own.While 20 million U.S. dollars is a major motivator for anyone, the Israelis said they're not seeking personal gain, but rather plan to invest the prize money in the vision that originally prompted their registration in December last year: inspiring the country's younger generation to pursue engineering and the sciences and to dream big, just like Neil Armstrong did when he disembarked from the Apollo 11 and took the first step on the moon in 1969.The funds, they said, will be funneled to educational programs that seek to rejuvenate youths' interest in science disciplines, which have been on the decline in the country's high schools in recent decades."We hope to attract the next generation of kids, to enable them to be engineers and scientists and to make sure that we have more people that can build spaceships in Israel in the future," said Damari.He and the other men behind the initiative also acknowledge that their motives are no less driven by patriotism. Winning the Lunar X has the potential to create national pride and put Israel "on the map as a start-up nation" by accomplishing a feat reserved for superpowers."The moon is something you see every day. I think that for me personally, space exploration is the way to enlist the nation to do something that has not yet been done," said Damari, who started programming aged six and wrote his first computer virus aged 11."It's also about exploring new borders, going the distance. (The project) will leverage Israel's space industry. I'm sure that all the industries that will partner with us will learn a lot and develop new applications, especially for the civilian market," he said.On Thursday, Israeli President Shimon Peres, whose name has become synonymous with the nation's hi-tech industries, honored the trio by unveiling their model at the ceremony held at MABAT -- IAI's missiles and space division near Tel Aviv."More than Israel is leading technology, it is likely to lead Israel. It's the key to our economy ... If they win the prize, and I'm sure they will, it will also reward Israel with the deepest appreciation and the best deterrence," Peres told a crowd of senior executives from local defense industries."I admire your audacity and vision," he complimented the three scientists.Will they realize their ambition? Damari expressed humble optimism, "It's not easy, but certainly possible ... We believe we can win."

来源：资阳报