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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — From business closures to limits on gatherings, there’s mounting evidence that government restrictions do slow the spread of COVID-19. But which policies are the most effective?A study published this month in the journal Science aims to answer that question by examining data from 41 countries outside the U.S.The researchers examined seven kinds of COVID-19 policies in mostly European countries and compared them to case and death rates in those countries over time.The policies included limiting gatherings to 1000 people or less, to 100 people or less, and to 10 people or less; a targeted closure on high-risk businesses; a broad closure of most non-essential businesses; school and university closures; and stay-at-home orders.The authors found limiting gatherings to 10 people or less was the most effective nonpharmaceutical intervention of the seven examined, reducing the transmission rate by 42 percent.Closing schools and universities was next, cutting transmission by 38 percent. The researchers said they were not able to examine the relative importance of closing universities over grade schools because such closures were typically implemented at the same time.Next, the researchers examined the impact of two kinds of business closures. They found broad closures of most non-essential businesses were “only somewhat more effective than targeted closures” of high-risk businesses like restaurants, bars and nightclubs. Broad business closures reduced transmission by 27 percent compared to an 18 percent reduction for targeted closures.“Therefore, targeted business closures can be a promising policy option in some circumstances,” the authors wrote.The study estimates those three policies together -- closing high-risk businesses, closing schools and universities, and limiting gatherings to no more than 10 people -- are enough lower to slow the spread of the virus.In epidemiological terms, interventions are considered successful when they lower the so-called number below 1. The reproduction number, or R number, is the average number of people who become infected from one infectious person. Without interventions, the study found the R number for COVID-19 between January and May was 3.3.The study did not examine the impact of wearing masks, but other studies have found that masks can also significantly reduce the spread of COVID-19.So what about stay-at-home orders? Mandatory stay-at-home orders where people are only allowed outside for essential tasks or during certain times of the day tend to be a last resort, when there are other restrictions already in place.The researchers found mandatory stay-at-home orders cut transmission another 13 percent on top of other policies. “Issuing a stay-at-home order had a small effect when a country had already closed educational institutions, closed nonessential businesses, and banned gatherings,” the authors wrote. 2919

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Despite a concerted effort to repair San Diego's crumbling sidewalks, a new report by city staff details the vast number of areas in desperate need of repair, as well as the skyrocketing cost to get them fixed."We're repairing more now than we ever have, but it continues to be a source of frustration," City Council member Mark Kersey told 10News in an interview Wednesday ahead of a City Council meeting on the matter.The new data shows that crews have repaired or replaced more than 27,000 sidewalks since the last major assessment was completed in 2015. However, more than 81,000 sidewalks still need attention. And while an estimate in 2016 put the costs to complete the work at million, that number has now jumped to to 100 million."The way it's set up right now is the sidewalk is the property owner's responsibility," Kersey explained. "They own it and they're supposed to maintain it. But because it's in the public's right of way, if someone trips and falls and hurts themselves, the city is the first one to get sued."Kersey says the repair process is far more complex and time-consuming than simply seeing a problem area and fixing it. Much of this stems from trying to prod property owners into making the repairs. However, Kersey says the costs of getting the right permits can be prohibitive, even sometimes matching the actual cost of the work. There is a city program which offers to bypass permitting and have the city do the work for half of the cost, though only a few dozen repairs are processed through the program each year.Another concern is mounting legal costs. On top of the cost of the actual repairs, the city has spent millions of dollars settling lawsuits stemming from dangerous sidewalks. "I would much rather put those millions of dollars into fixing the problem than paying out legal bills," said Kersey. 1874

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Fifty years ago this week, millions of Americans sat glued to their televisions as the first humans prepared to step on the moon.The defining moment was filled with both excitement and tension, happening less than a decade after President John F. Kennedy set the ambitious goal. "I was a young fighter pilot in Germany at the time, and when I heard him say we were going to go the moon within the decade of 1969, that was eight-and-a-half years, I said man, I mean, we can't possibly do that," said Charlie Duke. Little did Duke know he would have a front-row seat to the historic mission, becoming an astronaut in 1966.During the Apollo 11 mission, Duke served as Capsule Commander (CAPCOM), meaning he communicated directly with the Apollo 11 astronauts. Duke says after the July 16, 1969 launch everything was initially running smoothly."We gave them a-go for descent, and they started the engine and then almost immediately we started having this series of problems," remembers Duke.Communications were going in and out, and the landing computer was signaling an overload."The tension with all of these problems building up began to mount in Mission Control so the closer we got to the ground, or to the moon, the more tense it became," said Duke.The crew was off target for the landing, forced to fly manually to find a safe spot to touch down at, with only minutes left of fuel. "It was really tense, so you hung on every foot of altitude and every second at the end there, but we made it, with a few seconds to go," said Duke. Duke says once he heard the following words from Neil Armstrong it was as if a big balloon popped, dissolving all of the tension in Mission Control. "Houston, Tranquility Base here. The Eagle has landed," Armstrong said as the Eagle landing module reached the moon's surface on July 20."Roger, Twank ...Tranquility, we copy you on the ground. You got a bunch of guys about to turn blue here. We're breathing again. Thanks a lot!" Duke replied.Duke was honored by the San Diego Air & Space Museum for his role in the Apollo 11 mission, as well as his lunar landing in 1972."When I stepped on the moon, it was, I'm on the moon. The beauty of it, the wonder, and excitement and the adventure, all of those emotions and feelings rolled into one," said Duke.The San Diego Air & Space Museum will celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the Apollo 11 moon landing on Saturday, June 20. Family-friendly event kicks off at 6 p.m.Special presentation of a new documentary at 8:30 p.m. 2538

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Families looking for relief from San Diego’s scorching heat can find it at one of the region’s splash pads or water parks. 10News has compiled a list for parents who need to get the kiddos outside for a good soak. All that’s left is to pack your sunscreen and towels. Many of the parks are free, while others charge admission fees. Be sure to follow the links below to see available summer passes for additional savings.CENTRAL SAN DIEGOWaterfront Park1600 Pacific Hwy., EmbarcaderoAdmission: FREEThe crowning jewel of San Diego public water parks, this space features an interactive splash fountain extending to a large civic green. If the kids want to dry off, a playground is adjacent to the fountain jets.More infoCivita Park7960 Civita Blvd., Mission ValleyAdmission: FREEThis splash pad has nearly 50 jets and lights up with different colors at each spout.More info Tierrasanta Pool and Play Area11238 Clairemont Mesa Blvd., TierrasantaAdmission: In addition to the main pool, the park has a Children’s Pool has a slide with water features and shaded benches for parents.More infoCity of San Diego pools with slides, spray grounds, or water playgrounds (Fee required): Carmel Valley Pool, 3777 Townsgate DriveMemorial Pool, 2902 Marcy AvenueNed Baumer Aquatic Center, 10440 Black Mountain RoadCity Heights Swim Center, 4380 Landis Street (currently closed for maintenance)SOUTH BAYAquatica San Diego2052 Entertainment Circle, Chula VistaAdmission: Splash passes are .99 for the season or upgrade to a premium pass with free parking and no blackout dates for .99.Enjoy Big Surf Shores for 5’ waves and Walkabout Waters, an aquatic playground.More info Sweetwater Summit Regional Park3218 Summit Meadow Road, BonitaAdmission: , with a per vehicle parking fee.Visitors can cool off at the splash pad after a day of hiking and fishing at Sweetwater Reservoir.More info Mountain Hawk Park1475 Lake Crest Drive, Chula VistaAdmission: FREETake a break from the South Bay sunshine at this community park.More infoNORTH COUNTYThe Wave Park101 Wave Dr., VistaAdmission: Over 42”, .95. Under 42”, .95. Military and senior admission, .95Grab a raft and drift your way to a cooler day in the North County.More infoAlga Norte Aquatic Center6565 Alicante Rd., CarlsbadAdmission: Adults, , Children under 17, .This large pool complex has a spray ground for the youngsters. Don’t miss the inflatable area that puts you above the water in a bubble.More info LEGOLAND Water Park1 Legoland Dr., CarlsbadAdmission: 0.99, 2-day resort hopper for LEGOLAND and Water Park. Discounts are available online.Build a LEGO raft and float down a not-so-lazy river, or race down one of six slides. There’s more to see and do at this North County water park.More info Las Posas Pool1387 W. Borden Road, San MarcosAdmission: per dayThe admission fee includes access to a 25 yard recreational lap pool and picnic area.More infoPoway Community Swim Center13094 Civic Center Dr, PowayAdmission: for children, adult for Poway residents.This year-round pool complex also has a lap pool and swim classes.More infoCity of San Marcos splash pads: Sunset Park, 909 Pruesta del SolBuelow Park, 300 Autumn DriveDiscovery/Lakeview Park, 650 Foxhall DriveMulberry Park, 751 Mulberry DriveSan Elijo Park, 1105 Elfin Forest RoadEAST COUNTY Hilton Head Park16005 Hilton Head Rd., El Cajon Admission: per day, per seasonMake a splash, matey, at this pirate-themed park! Make sure you bring a tent or a large hat; Google reviewers say there’s not much shade. More infoSantee Lakes9310 Fanita Pkwy., SanteeAdmission: Parking is per vehicle and sprayground wristbands are on weekends.Play for the day at one of Santee’s lakes. Some of the picnic pavilions require reservations, so check the website before you go.More info 3853

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Dozens of women gun owners joined in solidarity Friday for the launch of #NotMeSD.It was created by San Diego County Gun Owners (SDCGO), a political action committee promoting Second Amendment rights.The initiative aims to empower women with knowledge and choice. The group believes one way to prevent domestic violence and sexual assault is with guns. “We will stand beside you, we will help you, and if you want to look at owning a gun or just coming out shooting at the range to just feel some empowerment, we're willing to stand right next to you and say how can we help?" said Jill Barto, a SDCGO member.At the gathering, Barto shared her traumatic story of being sexually assaulted. "It’s still kind of emotional, but at age 14 I was raped, I was date raped by a boyfriend, it really took a toll on me. I ended up getting pregnant from the rape, and I had my child and raised him, he’s now 37-years-old," said Barto. She was lucky to find a strong support group, one of them today being SDCGO.“It gave me a voice, it gave me a voice to say this is what happened to me and I’m not going to be ashamed of it.”The group has a three-step approach for women considering gun ownership:Get free advice about firearms from women gun owners in SDCGOGet referrals to gun shops for discounts and receive help filling out paperworkReceive help applying for a concealed carry weapon permit“It doesn’t mean they're going to buy a gun, it doesn’t mean they’re going be CCW holders, but that’s their choice, and we’re here to support them on their choice," said Barto.However, some believe guns involved in domestic violence situations do more harm than good.Carol Landale is with San Diegans for Gun Violence Prevention. She supports a woman's right to arm herself but has concerns with the #NotMeSD message."The statistics show that when there is a gun in the home women are five times more likely to be killed with that gun, especially in domestic violence situations," said Landale. She says if a woman is going to purchase a gun, they must be extremely careful with how they store it. She also believes a lot of training is necessary to be proficient, especially in a high-stress situation.“If you’re going to be using a firearm you need to be practicing all the time. The police practice all the time, the military practices all the time, for somebody just to have a gun stored in a bedside table, who may have shot it once at a firing range, it doesn't seem like a sensible way to be able to protect yourself."Landale believes the decision to purchase a gun and use it, can have consequences.“I think the most important thing is to recognize that responsibility and to make sure you’re going to be willing to use a deadly weapon to kill somebody, that’s huge," said Landale. You can learn more about #NotMeSD here. San Diego also has an A Girl & A Gun League which offers education and hands-on training for women, you can message them on Facebook for more information. 2998

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