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While scientists work to come up with a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine, doctors across the country are watching closely. Many are helping guide their patients in making an informed decision about getting a vaccine."This was indeed a surprise to see that there would vaccines available by the 1st of November. It’s clearly an aspirational goal, because we all would like to see a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine as soon as possible, but I think testing vaccines to make sure they’re safe and effective is of paramount importance," said Dr. Bali Pulendran, a microbiology and immunology professor at Stanford University.Dr. Pulendran says the process of developing a vaccine involves numerous steps, and scientists are getting closer to the end. Still, it's hard to put an end date on the third and final phase of a vaccine trial. This last phase determines whether the vaccine actually works."The way in which you can assess whether a vaccine works is to see how many of these people acquire the disease or become infected with COVID at some period of time," explained Dr. Pulendran.Phase three divides the trial participants into two groups. One group is given the vaccine, and the other is given a placebo."And then, you calculate the efficacy based on those numbers. So, if there were 200 people affected in the placebo group but there were only 100 people who were infected in the vaccinated group, then the efficacy is 50 percent" said Dr. Pulendran.The third phase is hard to time, as it depends on how quickly some of the trial participants become infected. If they live in areas where COVID-19 infection rates are higher, the phase will be completed faster.But there are some other ways to speed up the vaccine trial.Dr. Darria Long, an emergency room physician and clinical assistant professor at the University of Tennessee-Erlanger, says one way is by doing two of the phases at the same time. Another way is if officials prepare for the manufacturing and logistics side of producing the vaccine during the third phase of the trial."This is what we see the CDC saying is to get ready on the manufacturing and logistics side because even if you come up with the perfect target drug, making sure you can manufacture hundreds of millions and that you have the little glass vials that can keep it at the right temperature, those are all things that can be hang-ups,” said Dr. Long. “So, they're wanting to expedite that process, because the last thing you want is to say is we have the vaccine, but we can’t get it to people.”Dr. Long is already answering her patients' questions as news of a possible COVID-19 vaccine continues to be publicized."I do think a lot of people are wondering about this vaccine and it runs the gamut. There are those that say they really want the vaccine because they see it as this gateway to getting back to life as we know it," said Dr. Long.There are also those who are really concerned about the efficacy and safety of a COVID-19 vaccine. Doctors say a key piece in evaluating a vaccine when it does come out is the data surrounding it."The data that comes out in the public domain: is a particular vaccine efficacious? How effective is it what is the efficacy data? Is a particular vaccine safe? What are the side reactions? And they should talk with their physicians to ask each question. Ask doctors, ‘Could you tell me what the safety part of this vaccine is?" recommended Dr. Pulendran.And above all, doctors and scientists hope politics will stay out of the development of a COVID-19 vaccine in order to ease any concerns or hopes for a vaccine to be available as soon as possible. 3644

With his spring break just hours away, Central Michigan University student James Eric Davis Jr. was with his parents in a campus residence hall Friday morning when he shot them dead, police say.Davis Jr., 19, shot and killed his mother and father in the dorm on the northwestern edge of campus Friday morning, authorities said, leading to an hours-long manhunt that ended with his arrest early Saturday.It was the nation's 12th school shooting this year.It's not immediately clear what led to the shooting or why the parents, James Eric Davis Sr., 48, and Diva Jeenen Davis, 47, were on campus in Mount Pleasant, a roughly four-hour drive from their Chicago-area home.But authorities said the student had an encounter with police hours earlier -- on Thursday evening when he was taken to a hospital for what officers believed was a bad reaction to drugs, campus police Lt. Larry Klaus said.And the parents may have been intending to pick up their son for spring break, said Andre Harvey, mayor of the Chicago suburb of Bellwood, where the elder Davis was a part-time officer."The family is in shock and trying to piece everything together," a relative, speaking on condition of anonymity, told CNN.Arrest comes after midnightDetails about the younger Davis' arrest weren't immediately clear. But it came early Saturday after someone reporting seeing him on or near campus, the university said."The suspect was seen and reported by an individual on a train passing through the north end of campus shortly after midnight," the university said in an online statement. "Law enforcement personnel responded and arrested the suspect without incident."The shooting, which happened on Campbell Hall's fourth floor around 8:30 a.m. Friday, disrupted a campus that otherwise was winding down for a nine-day spring recess beginning Saturday.Students were told to stay in campus buildings until the afternoon when police officers started allowing them to leave. People trying to enter the campus to pick up students for spring break were initially directed to a campus-area hotel, where the university asked them to wait for instructions.The university's men's basketball home game Friday against Western Michigan University was rescheduled for Saturday morning at a neutral site, Northwood University, where it will be closed to the public except for family members, the Mid-American Conference said.The university, with roughly 23,000 students, is about a two-hour drive northwest of Detroit.Student had 'drug-related' incident earlier, police sayCampus police spoke with Davis Jr. on Thursday night, Klaus said during a news conference."At some point in the evening, he was transported to McLaren Hospital due to what the officers believed may be a drug-related-type incident, an overdose or a bad reaction to drugs. At that point he was released to the hospital staff," Klaus said.As for Friday's shooting, "we're calling it a family-type domestic issue at this point," he said.The victimsThe Davis family was from the Chicago area. Davis Jr. graduated from a high school in Plainfield, Illinois, about 30 miles southwest of Chicago, in 2016, said Tony Hernandez, Plainfield school district spokesman.His father was a part-time police officer in Bellwood for 20 years and assisted the department on special occasions."He was always there when you asked for him to be there," Bellwood police Chief Jiminez Allen said.The elder Davis was a pillar of the community, which has 20,000 residents, and was beloved by friends and neighbors, said Harvey, Bellwood's mayor.An Army veteran, he was also a police officer employed at the Jesse Brown VA Medical Center in Chicago, said center director Marc Magill."The staff at Jesse Brown VAMC take enormous pride in the care we provide our Veterans, and this situation hits us especially hard. We are currently providing grief counseling for staff," Magill said.The violence came more than two weeks after a shooting rampage at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, left 17 people dead and spurred a national debate over gun control.Nine weeks into the year and 12 school shootingsCNN's calculation of the number of school shootings include shootings on school property that involve one or more victims and other factors. These can also be domestic violence incidents.The-CNN-Wire? & ? 2018 Cable News Network, Inc., a Time Warner Company. All rights reserved. 4423

With coronavirus cases spreading among White House staff, the Commission on Presidential Debates confirmed Monday evening that a Plexiglas partition will be used on stage during Wednesday’s vice presidential debate.Peter Eyre, a senior adviser to the debate commission, said that the candidates will be seated 12 feet, 3 inches apart, and that there will be no handshakes allowed on stage between the candidates or moderator.Eyre added that the candidates, Vice President Mike Pence and Senator Kamala Harris, will be tested for the coronavirus before the debate. For the previous debate, the candidates were responsible for their own coronavirus testing.Only the candidates and moderator will be allowed to not wear a mask during the debate, also a change from last week’s presidential debate. During last week’s presidential debate, members of President Donald Trump’s entourage took off their masks during the debate.Eyre said that a small number of ticketed guests will be allowed into the debate hall in Utah.“If anyone does not wear a mask, they will be escorted out,” Eyre confirmed.Plexiglas was also used in last Saturday's US Senate debate between Republican Lindsey Graham and Democrat Jamie Garrison. A Pence aide said a divider was "not needed."“If she wants it, she’s more than welcome to surround herself with plexiglass if that makes her feel more comfortable,” Marc Short, the vice president’s chief of staff, told the Washington Post. “It’s not needed.” 1479

With health care costs on the rise, a growing number of Americans are throwing out the old way of seeing a doctor and turning to a membership model. A monthly or annual fee gets you direct access to a doctor, no insurance needed.Twenty years into her career, bogged down by red tape, too many patients and long days, Dr. Shaila Pai-Verma was looking for a better way to practice medicine.“I was just miserable,” she said. “The joy of medicine is gone and then you're just doing paperwork.”So, a year ago, she started a new primary care practice with a new business model.“The patient basically has a direct contract with the physician and they take insurance companies out of it,” she explained.Patients pay a flat monthly or yearly fee. In exchange, they receive a broad range of primary care services and quick, unlimited access to their doctor via in-person office visits, phone or by text.“Everyone wants everything immediate. And so, I think this is it. It's good, especially in this time for people to have access,” said Pai-Verma.Membership fees range from about 5 to 0 per month on average – about 0 less than having typical health insurance. Most patients still carry catastrophic coverage for emergency treatments and hospitalizations, but that insurance is usually only -100 a month, so patients still save money.For Bonnie Micheli and her family, it was all about access.“With this, it's just so much easier to just know that I can contact directly here within a few hours for any issues that I'm having,” said Micheli.In late September, a bipartisan proposal was introduced in Congress that would expand access to the model and allow people to use their health savings account for direct primary care (DPC).Because they see fewer patients than traditional practices, some critics say the model could worsen the shortage of primary care physicians, a trend that’s already driven by burnout.But according to a recent study, DPC members had 25% lower hospital admissions and the cost of emergency room claims was reduced by 54%.“There's less ER visits and you know, better health care for the patient,” said Pai-Verma.While there is still debate, for a growing number of Americans, like Micheli, it’s becoming a simplified health insurance alternative.“Honestly, it’s just so nice to know what I'm paying every month or if you do the annual, what you're getting for that money, and you know exactly who to go to when you have a problem.” 2467

With concerts, sporting events, and large gatherings on hold this summer, people are looking to the great outdoors for fun. Right now, national parks and other public lands are in the federal spotlight for another reason.“It's going to be a huge difference maker,” said Will Shafroth, CEO and President of the National Park Foundation. Shafroth is talking about the Great American Outdoors Act, a bill the Senate recently approved in a bipartisan 73-25 vote.“This is historic. I’ve been working on these issues since 1981, and I can tell you that in terms of the amount of money dedicated to any particular conservation purpose, this is the most significant bill to ever pass Congress,” Shafroth said.“At a time where there’s a lot of division about a lot of different things, this is something that Democrats and Republicans agree on,” he said.The bill would provide funding to maintenance backlogs across various federal lands. The National Park Service alone has almost billion in deferred repairs.“The wear and tear on these places is dramatic,” he said.“Seasonal housing really ranges from exceptional, to trailers that are falling apart in the middle of nowhere,” Shannon Dennison said. Dennison has worked at a number of national parks in the past.“The last time that the park service had a major infusion of funding into the agency and into the facilities was 1956,” she said.Also known as Mission 66, the decade long program was intended to expand visitor services. Dennison said that was the last major investment.“I think it's been a challenge to go 54 years without putting major investment into our facilities while we're seeing rising visitation,” she said.Visitation at parks has gone up over the years. In 2019, national parks saw nearly 328 million visits, up 9 million from 2018 and the third highest year on record.Even though these spaces were closed for a short time this year due to COVID-19, people are opting to turn to the outdoors since large gatherings are discouraged.“Being outdoors is one of the safest places to be, and it's also helping to contribute to people's mental health so the parks are seeing even more of an impact during the pandemic,” said Bonnie Clark, an Associate Professor of Anthropology at the University of Denver.The legislation would provide billions of dollars to help with renovations and repairs, coming from energy production.“Essentially what happens is that when these oils and gas leases are done on federal land, they are paying money to be able to access and use these resources because they belong to everybody,” Clark said.This was one of the key debates.Dennison hopes the act paves an easier path for these projects.“Sometimes it can be difficult to get an entire pot of money for one entire project,” she said. “My hope is there will be a little more flexibility in how those funds can be applied based on the park level.”The legislation will now go on to the House of Representatives for a vote. 2974

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