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BEIJING, Oct. 26 -- Delegations from more than 84 countries and regions will participate the ITD conference Monday, and a host of international experts from governments, the private sector and academia will make presentations and lead discussions on this important topic.     The ITD is a cooperative venture formed in 2002 and comprised of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the European Commission and the UK Department for International Development.     Its purpose is to foster dialogue on important topics in tax policy and administration and to function as a disseminator and repository of information on matters of interest in taxation around the world, through its website, www.itdweb.org.     The IMF attaches great importance to its role as a founding member of the ITD. Recent events in the world economy have made even clearer the necessity of international cooperation and sharing experience in economic matters, and this is the very purpose, which the ITD serves.     The topic of this conference is a timely and critical one. The world has been reminded recently and forcefully of the great importance of the financial sector for macroeconomic stability, growth, and development goals. The sector plays a critical intermediating function - without it credit could not exist, capital could not be channeled to useful purposes and risks could not be managed.     The conference will take place against the background of the worst financial and economic crisis to strike the world in three generations, and, while taxation was not itself the cause of the crisis, elements of the tax system are relevant to its background and resolution.     Most tax systems embody incentives for corporations, financial institutions and in some cases individuals to use debt rather than equity finance.     This is likely to have contributed to the crisis by leading to higher levels of debt than would otherwise have existed - even though there were no obvious tax changes that would explain rapid increases in debt. Tax distortions may also have encouraged the development of complex and opaque financial instruments and structures, including through extensive use of low-tax jurisdictions - which in turn contributed to the difficulty of identifying true levels of risk.     The magnitude of the fiscal challenges facing the world economy is greater than at any other time since World War II.     Estimates done by IMF staff on the fiscal adjustment necessary to bring government debt-to-GDP ratios down to 60 percent by 2030 - over 20 years hence - show a gap in the cyclically adjusted primary balances of some 8 percentage points of GDP in advanced economies to be closed between 2010 and 2020.     This cannot all be accomplished by expenditure reduction. New, or increased, sources of revenue will need to be found, on average perhaps 3 percentage points of GDP. While improvements in compliance and administration could account for some of that gap, it will be necessary to adjust tax policies to a degree not hitherto seen on a wide scale.     Although the world economy remains weak with downside risks and much hardship remain, signs of improvement are thankfully now visible.     This is an opportune juncture, therefore, to begin the work of planning countries' exits from the deteriorated fiscal positions developed in response to the crisis, and to give thought to questions raised by the performance of the financial sector in triggering the crisis.     What role can better tax policies and administration play in preventing a recurrence of this costly episode in economic history?     The financial sector has been, and must continue to be, a critical link in the development of the world's economies. The sector has played a key role in accelerating the development of the emerging markets - many of which, prior to this most recent episode, had grown able to tap the world's financial resources at an increasing rate unparalleled in history.     And for the world's most vulnerable economies, continued financial deepening will be absolutely necessary to permit them to meet their development goals. The upcoming conference will consider the role of taxation in both the industrial and developing countries with respect to these goals.     The conference will address not only the role of the financial sector as a source of revenue itself, and its broader role in the development and growth of the world economy, but also its function in assisting in administration of the tax system-through information reporting, collection of tax payments, and withholding.     This latter role will become ever more important with growing international cooperation in fighting tax evasion and avoidance.     Finally, we must not lose sight of the main function of the tax system - to raise revenue in an economically efficient, non-distortionary, and administratively feasible manner.     Even fully recognizing the existence of both market failures and policy-induced vulnerabilities, including those that contributed to this crisis, it is important to avoid accidentally introducing distortions through the tax system that may prove worse than the evils they are intended to remedy.     "Neutrality" of taxation of the financial sector in this sense is a benchmark against which deviations from this objective may be measured and judged.     One must ask whether any proposed interventions are targeted at a recognized externality or existing distortion, and, if so, whether the proposed action is the most appropriate response. And the multilateral institutions, in particular, must look to the effects which the financial sector and its taxation may have not only on the world's highly developed economies-those with the greatest depth of financial intermediation-but at the effects, direct and indirect, on the world's developing nations.     International cooperation on these matters will be critical to making improvements that will benefit all of us. This week's important event, hosted by the Chinese government and organized by the ITD, is itself a model in this regard.

BEIJING, Nov. 26 (Xinhua) -- China will never swerve from its carbon emission cut target despite all pressure and difficulties, said a senior official Thursday evening. Xie Zhenhua, vice minister in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), China's top economic planner, made the remarks at a press conference.     China's State Council, the Cabinet, announced Thursday that the country is going to reduce the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP in 2020 by 40 to 45 percent compared with the level of 2005.     This is a "voluntary action" taken by the Chinese government "based on our own national conditions" and "is a major contribution to the global effort in tackling climate change," the State Council said.     Vice Foreign Minister He Yafei also attended the press conference. "China made the emission cut target without financial and technological support from developed countries. This is not only for the country's own sustainable development, but also for the benefit of all the mankind," said He.     However, China is still hoping developed countries would take actions as soon as possible, He said, adding that the Bali Road Map has set binding targets and actions on emission cut, investment and technology for developed countries.     China faces huge pressure and special difficulties in controlling greenhouse gas emission, as the country has a large population and relatively low economic development level and is at a critical period to accelerate industrialization and urbanization, Xie said.     "It demands great courage for the government to announce such a target," said Yu Jie, an official in charge of Climate Group's policy and research. The Climate Group is a British-based non-governmental environmental organization.     As a developing country, China still faces various problems in both economic and social development, and it is not easy to make such a commitment, Yu said.     The announcement of China's carbon emission target has broken one of the deadlocks challenging the upcoming Copenhagen summit, she said. It is also an answer to President Hu Jintao's promise at the September United Nations climate summit in New York that China would cut emission intensity by "a notable margin" by 2020 from the 2005 level.     China's target is made after scientific research and calculations, combining the efforts to both tackle climate change and promote social and economic development, said Yao Yufang, professor at the Institute of Quantitative and Technical Economics under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS). "Any party that asks China for higher cut is acting unreasonably."     China can and will achieve the target if the country endeavors to improve energy efficiency, promote the development of renewable energy and optimize industrial structure, Yao said.     "The country has set a specific quantitative target far beyond the Bali Road Map demands for developing countries, which reflects China's sincerity to make the Copenhagen summit successful and its commitment to tackle the climate change," said Pan Jiahua, director of the CASS Research Center for Urban Development and Environment.     Li Gao, an NDRC official and a key climate change negotiator representing the Chinese government, said Tuesday: "We will try to make the summit successful and we will not accept that it ends with an empty and so-called political declaration."

BEIJING, Dec. 25 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping on Friday called for continued efforts to further study and practice the Scientific Outlook on Development.     Xi made the remarks at a meeting on further studying and practicing the Scientific Outlook on Development, which emphasizes the well-being of people and comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development.     The CPC launched an 18-month campaign to study and implement the outlook in September last year.     The campaign had so far yielded positive results, Xi said.     The Vice President urged relevant authorities to focus on improving social harmony and stability as well as party building at grassroots levels.     They should also focus on speeding up the transformation of the country's economic development mode, and should make meticulous plans for next year's work, in order to push forward reforms and development and maintain stability, he said.

BEIJING, Oct. 26 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang's upcoming visit to three nations would help advance bilateral relations between China and the three nations, said a senior official here on Monday.     "The visit will cement and promote our political mutual trust and traditional friendship," Chinese Vice Foreign Minister He Yafei told Xinhua.     Li will pay an official visit to Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea from Oct. 29 to Nov. 5 at the invitation of governments of the three countries.     "This is an important visit paid recently by Chinese leader to the south Pacific region," He said, noting that the three governments attached great importance to the visit.     During the visit, Li will meet with the leaders of the three nations, attend the signing ceremony of bilateral agreements and make extensive contacts with officials of local governments, businessmen and peoples from all circles, according to He.     The visit would help promote friendly exchanges and pragmatic cooperation between China and the three countries in trade, energy, resources, science, education and other fields, and strengthen bilateral coordination in international and regional affairs, he noted.     Hailing the considerable progress in recent years, He said the Chinese government had always attached great importance to developing friendly and cooperative relations with the three countries.     "We always grasp the development direction of bilateral relations from a strategic and long-term perspective, adhere to the five principles of peaceful co-existence, and stick to the spirit of mutual benefit to strengthen our dialogue and cooperation," He noted.     "Seeking peace, development and cooperation is our common voice," He said, noting that in many ways, China's relations with the three countries faced a huge potential and rare opportunity for development.     He also provided detailed statistics to show the growth of bilateral relations, saying that economies of China and the three nations were highly complementary.     Australia is China's eighth largest trading partner and an important supplier of energy resources. Bilateral trade volume with Australia in 2008 reached 59.66 billion U.S. dollars.     New Zealand is the first developed country which signed and implemented the bilateral free trade agreement with China. Both Australia and New Zealand recognized China's full market economy status.     Papua New Guinea for many years is China's largest trading partner and investment destination in the Pacific island region.     According to incomplete statistics, at present, there are 130,000 Chinese students studying in Australia, and about 34,870 studying in New Zealand. The people-to-people exchanges between China and Papua New Guinea is also very active.     "Facts show that the development of the relationship between China and these countries has a solid foundation, and accords with the common interests of both sides," He noted.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 4 (Xinhua) -- The United States requested the World Trade Organization (WTO) on Wednesday to establish a dispute settlement panel to rule on China's export restraints on raw materials. But Chinese officials insist that they are consistent with WTO rules.     The materials at issue are: bauxite, coke, fluorspar, magnesium, manganese, silicon metal, silicon carbide, yellow phosphorus, and zinc, key inputs for numerous downstream products in the steel, aluminum, and chemical sectors across the globe.     The Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) said in a statement that the raw materials are "critical to U.S. manufacturers and workers."     The USTR also said that the European Union and Mexico are joining the United States in requesting the establishment of a WTO dispute settlement panel regarding this matter.     The U.S. and the European Union requested formal consultations with China at the WTO on June 23, 2009, and Mexico filed its consultations request on August 21, 2009.     "We believe the restraints at issue in this dispute significantly distort the international market and provide preferential conditions for Chinese industries that use these raw materials," said Debbie Mesloh, a USTR spokeswoman.     "Working together with the European Union and Mexico, we tried to resolve this issue through consultations, but did not succeed. At this point, therefore, we need to move forward with the next step in the WTO dispute settlement process," Mesloh stated. "We remain open to working with China to find a mutually agreeable solution to our concerns."     But the Chinese Ministry of Commerce defended China's export policies, saying they are consistent with WTO rules.     The chief aim of China's export policies is to protect the environment and conserve natural resources, said an official with the Ministry of Commerce in June.     China has been keeping communication and contact with the U.S. and the EU over China's policy on raw material exports, the official said, adding that China will properly deal with the consultation request in accordance with WTO dispute settlement procedures.     According to the procedures, China, the U.S., the EU and Mexico have 60 days to try to resolve their dispute through consultations. If consultations fail, the U.S., the EU and Mexico could ask for a WTO panel to investigate and rule on this dispute.

来源：资阳报