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LOS ANGELES, April 4 (Xinhua) -- A woman's breast milk cells may be used to predict cancer in future research, according to a study published by HealthDay News on Monday.In the study, researchers at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst collected breast milk from 271 women in the United States. All had either undergone a biopsy of the breast to check for cancer, or were scheduled for one.The researchers evaluated breast milk samples from the biopsied and non-biopsied breasts.The researchers first isolated potentially cancerous cells, known as epithelial cells, and then isolated DNA to look for signals that regulate tumor suppresser genes.In the next step, the researchers analyzed three genes among the many known to undergo a process called methylation in breast cancer. Methylation in a specific region of a gene can inhibit or suppress the expression of a gene.For one gene, SFRP1, the average methylation was higher in the biopsied breast, the study found.Among the women whose biopsies detected cancer, average methylation of the RASSF1 gene in the biopsied breast was considerably higher compared to the non-biopsied breast.Among the women whose biopsies detected cancer, average methylation of the RASSF1 gene in the biopsied breast was considerably higher compared to the non-biopsied breast."It looks as if we can use the cells from breast milk to assess breast cancer risk," said Dr. Kathleen Arcaro, an associate professor of veterinary and animal sciences at the university.It's too soon, however, to assess the cancer detection rate associated with breast milk cell examination, she said."We can't say at this point for two reasons," she said. "One is, we need long-term follow-up. And the second really important reason is, we need to sample a larger panel of genes."Arcaro is to present her findings later Monday at the annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research in Orlando, Florida, according to HealthDay News.

BEIJING, Jan. 26 (Xinhua) -- China's civil affairs ministers visited survivors of last year's 7.1-magnitude Yushu earthquake and Zhouqu mudslide prior to China's lunar new year.Dou Yupei, vice minister of Civil Affairs, led a team to Yushu in northwest China's Qinghai Province to visit quake survivors and local cadres beginning on Sunday.Dou told Xinhua that quake survivors in Yushu now had access to food, clothing, safe drinking water, shelters and medical services, and the reconstruction of quake-damaged houses was well underway.Further, the ministry has distributed 45,000 cotton-padded tents to Yushu to house survivors during the extremely cold winter on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau.So far, 160,000 tents have been set up to assure that all survivors have a roof overhead, according to the ministry's statement issued Wednesday.Yushu was jolted by a 7.1-magnitude earthquake on April 14, leaving 2,200 people dead and 220,000 local residents affected.Another vice minister, Sun Shaocheng, visited survivors from a massive mudslide that left 1,700 people dead or missing in Zhouqu, Gansu province.To provide warm shelters to survivors, the Zhouqu county government invested three million yuan (455,000 U.S. Dollars) in renovating vacant school buildings or installing facilities in newly-built apartments.All survivors who previously had taken shelter in make-shift tents were relocated to these buildings before Oct. 13, according to the ministry's statement.

BEIJING, May 14 (Xinhua) -- From 24-hour complaint hotlines to instant additive detectors, local governments in China are striving to battle the illegal use of food additives following a string of food scandals.According to a statement released Saturday by the office of the food safety commission under the State Council, China's Cabinet, governments in Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang and Guangdong have incorporated the local food safety situation into the evaluation of officials' work, while ordering strengthened and coordinated food safety supervision at city and county levels.Many provinces and autonomous regions are distributing educational information through local media to promote, among the local population, the awareness of food safety and the harm of banned food additives, stressing severe punishment in the hope of intimidating potential violators.Certified food additives are displayed on shelves at a store that sells food additives in Beijing, capital of China, April 22, 2011.Law enforcement departments in Chongqing, Guangdong, Liaoning and Hunan have punished violators involved in a series of food scandals which included "poisonous bean sprouts," "inked vermicelli" and "dyed peppers," according to the statement.The document did not provide details on these cases.Meanwhile, governments are figuring out new measures to stem food violations.For instance, the provincial government of northeastern Jilin has set up round-the-clock hotlines for food safety complaints and recruited 1,300 voluntary food safety supervisors who go deep into communities for clues on potential food scandals.Supervisors in southern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were equipped with additive detecting devices, which are reportedly able to check 27 kinds of illegal food additives "quickly and correctly," including melamine and clenbuterol, a kind of fat-burning drug used by violators to feed pigs to prevent them from accumulating fat.The municipal government of Beijing stipulates that companies found to have committed food violations in the past would be limited in investing in the municipality, while principals responsible for the wrongdoings will be banned from food manufacturing and distribution businesses.Beijing also requires restaurants to inform customers of all food additives contained in their self-made beverages and food sauces by posting the lists in menus or other public places. The lists should also be reported to supervisory departments.According to the statement, the Ministry of Agriculture has sent five teams to various regions, including Hebei, Jilin and Heilongjiang to inspect local food safety conditions.Vice Premier Li Keqiang warned last month of the great harm caused by illegal additives in food during a high-profile national meeting, promising a "firm attitude, iron-handed measures and more efforts" in dealing with the problem."Once such a case surfaces, it has an extensive social impact and easily causes a ripple effect, so we must attach great importance to it," Li said, adding that severe penalties must be imposed on violators to "let the violators pay dearly" and send a message to others.A high-profile, nationwide fight against the illegal use of additives in food was then launched to intensify supervision, upgrade safety standards and greatly increase penalties for violators.The moves came following a series of scandals including steamed buns dyed with unidentified chemicals, as well as the use of illegal cooking oil, known as "gutter oil."In one of the latest cases, police detained 96 people for producing, selling or using meat additives and confiscated over 400 kg of clenbuterol, widely known in the country as "lean meat powder," in central Henan Province.The action followed a scandal revealed in March when the country's largest meat processor, Shuanghui Group, was forced to issue a public apology for its clenbuterol-tainted pork products.

WASHINGTON, May 12 (Xinhua) -- Early initiation of antiretroviral treatment in people infected with HIV prevents them from transmitting the virus to their partners, according to findings released Thursday from a large-scale international clinical study.The study, known as HPTN 052, was designed to evaluate whether antiretroviral drugs can prevent sexual transmission of HIV infection among couples in which one partner is HIV-infected and the other is not. The results are the first of their kind from a major randomized clinical trial.Led by Myron Cohen, of the University of North Carolina, the research found that treating HIV-infected individuals with antiretroviral therapy (ART) when their immune systems are still relatively healthy led to a 96 percent reduction in HIV transmission to their partners.This critical new finding convincingly demonstrates that early treatment of infected individuals can have a major impact on the spread of the epidemic.Study investigators enrolled 1,763 couples who were not eligible for ART by WHO standards in nine countries around the world. All couples were at least 18 years of age. The vast majority of the couples (97 percent) were heterosexual, which precludes any definitive conclusions about effectiveness in men who have sex with men.Couples were randomly assigned to one of two study groups. In the first group, the HIV-infected partner initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) as soon as the couple enrolled in the study (the immediate treatment group); in the second group, infected partners did not begin ART until their CD4+ counts fell to between 200 and 250 cells/mm3 or they developed an AIDS-related illness (the delayed treatment group). Couples in both groups received HIV primary care, counseling and condoms.Results of this research study, which was scheduled to conclude in 2015, are being released early, after the independent data and safety monitoring board (DSMB) determined that the benefits of early treatment were clear.

BERLIN, May 26 (Xinhua) -- German health officials said Thursday that cucumbers imported from Spain was one source of a recent deadly E. coli outbreak in northern states that killed three people and made hundreds sick.The Hamburg Institute for Hygiene and the Environment (HU) found that four cucumbers in a local market were contaminated by Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), and three of them were imported from two separate Spanish suppliers, Hamburg state health authorities said.The origin of the fourth cucumber was still under investigation, officials added.German supermarkets began to pull Spanish cucumbers off shelves Thursday afternoon following the findings in Hamburg. The food- monitoring agencies in the northern states were launching investigations on vegetable markets, the federal agriculture ministry said in a statement.Figures showed that Spain is Germany's second largest supplier of cucumbers within the European Union, accounting for some 40 percent of the country's cucumber imports.Scientists said that EHEC is a virulent strain of gut bacterium that can cause severe stomach upsets, diarrhea, stroke and coma. It would lead to kidney failure in extreme cases.Germany saw a terrible E. coli outbreak two weeks ago, starting from the northern states like Hamburg and then spreading to eastern and southern regions. German health authorities said that at least three people have died from infections, and more than 200 have been diagnosed with hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), which is caused by EHEC.Germany's national disease centre, the Robert Koch Institute, suggest people avoid eating raw tomatoes, cucumbers and lettuce for a while.

来源：资阳报