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NEW YORK (AP) — People are more likely to return a lost wallet if it contains money — and the more cash, the better.That's the surprising conclusion from researchers who planted more than 17,000 "lost wallets" across 355 cities in 40 countries, and kept track of how often somebody contacted the supposed owners.The presence of money — the equivalent of about in local currency — boosted this response rate to about 51%, versus 40% for wallets with no cash. That trend showed up in virtually every nation, although the actual numbers varied.Researchers raised the stakes in the U.S., the United Kingdom and Poland. The response jumped to 72% for wallets containing the equivalent of about , versus 61% for those containing . If no money was enclosed, the rate was 46%.How can this be?"The evidence suggests that people tend to care about the welfare of others, and they have an aversion to seeing themselves as a thief," said Alain Cohn of the University of Michigan, one author who reported the results Thursday in the journal Science.Another author, Christian Zuend of the University of Zurich, said "it suddenly feels like stealing" when there's money in the wallet. "And it feels even more like stealing when the money in the wallet increases," he added. That idea was supported by the results of polls the researchers did in the U.S., the U.K. and Poland, he told reporters.The wallets in the study were actually transparent business card cases, chosen so that people could see money inside without opening them. A team of 13 research assistants posed as people who had just found the cases and turned them in at banks, theaters, museums or other cultural establishments, post offices, hotels and police stations or other public offices. The key question was whether the employee receiving each case would contact its supposed owner, whose name and email address were displayed on three identical business cards within.The business cards were crafted to make the supposed owner appear to be a local person, as was a grocery list that was also enclosed. Some cases also contained a key, and they were more likely to get a response than cases without a key. That led the researchers to conclude that concern for others was playing a role, since — unlike money — a key is valuable to its owner but not a stranger.The effect of enclosed money appeared in 38 of the 40 countries, with Mexico and Peru the exceptions. Nations varied widely in how often the wallet's "owner" was contacted. In Switzerland the rate was 74% for wallets without money and 79% with it, while in China the rates were 7% and 22%. The U.S. figures were 39% and 57%.The study measured how employees act when presented with a wallet at their workplaces. But would those same people act differently if they found a wallet on a sidewalk?"We don't know," said Michel Marechal, an author from the University of Zurich. But he said other analyses suggest the new results reflect people's overall degree of honesty.Shaul Shalvi of the University of Amsterdam, who wrote a commentary that accompanied the study, told The Associated Press that he suspected the study does shed light on how people would act with a wallet found on the street.He said the results "support the idea that people care about others as well as caring about being honest."Robert Feldman, psychology professor at the University of Massachusetts Amherst who didn't participate in the work, said he suspected the experiment might have turned out differently if involved "everyday people" rather than employees acting in an official capacity.But Feldman called the study impressive and said it seems like "a very real result."Dan Ariely, a psychology professor at Duke University who didn't participate in the research, said the conclusions fit with research that indicates keeping a larger amount of money would be harder for a person to rationalize."It very much fits with the way social scientists think about dishonesty," he said. 3987

NEW YORK (AP) — A new federal report shows vaping rates among U.S. teenagers fell dramatically this year.The drop comes in the wake of last year's outbreak of vaping-related illnesses and deaths.The national survey found that just under 20% of high school students and 5% of middle schools students were recent users of electronic cigarettes and other vaping products.That marks a big decline from a similar survey last year that found about 28% of high school students and about 11% of middle school students recently vaped. That's a decline of about 1.8 million teens total.The survey was done by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. They looked at survey data from middle school and high school students, grades 6-12.Despite the progress in lowering the number of teens using e-cigarettes, there are 3.6 million youth who currently use them. Of those, almost 83% use flavored e-cigarettes or vaping products.In addition to the survey, the FDA announced their premarket review requirement of tobacco products to ensure they go through a “robust scientific evaluation” before hitting store shelves. 1156

Nine-year-old Jacob Thompson is your average kid. His obsessions include Minecraft and Legos, and he's a huge "Star Wars" fan.He's also a photographer, singer and comedian, according to his stepmother, Tara Artinyan. And most of all, he really, really loves penguins.But Jacob has Stage 4 high-risk neuroblastoma, and doctors told his family in early October he probably only had a month to live.So they'll celebrate Christmas early this year, and Jacob wants people to celebrate with him by sending him cards, his mother, Michelle Simard told CNN."He got some cards from this Halloween, and he opened up and saw them and it was like getting a gift. He read it to us and had a big smile his face and his nose scrunched," Jacob's father, Roger Guay, told CNN in a phone interview. "He was excited to see what people had to say and it just brightened his day."Fighting a long battleJacob was diagnosed with high-risk neuroblastoma when he was 5. According to the American Cancer Society, only half of children diagnosed with the disease reach the five-year survival mark.After Jacob was admitted to the Barbara Bush Children's Hospital on October 11, doctors discovered that the neuroblastoma had spread to his head and was incurable, according to a GoFundMe page set up by his mother."People have called him an old soul and I believe it because he has taught us so much about life and about people," said Guay. "He's accomplished everything that he needed to do by 9 years old, and a lot of people don't accomplish that, ever."An early ChristmasArtinyan said the family decided to "fast-forward" Christmas to give Jacob one last celebration.And for him, that means a lot of snow, a decked-out tree, and of course, a real-life Santa Claus.But before his improvised Christmas celebration takes place in early November, Jacob asked for cards from anyone around the world who wanted to share his Christmas spirit.And only five days after he announced his wish, he has already received more than 100 cards from people all over the country -- and even beyond."We got over a hundred, and they're from all over the world. We have some from the Netherlands, from Australia, from Denmark," said Artinyan. "We've heard from all over the world at this point. We've even heard from Antarctica."Antarctica -- where Jacob's favorite animals live."We'd like people to live life like a penguin, and by that we mean dive into life, find warmth among friends, stay cool and just give to others," said Artinyan, referring to Jacob's favorite penguin poem, "Advice from a Penguin."Cards can be sent to Jacob here:Jacob Thompsonc/o Maine Medical Center22 Bramhall StreetPortland, ME 04102USA 2676

NEW YORK — The newspaper USA Today says that presidential aide Peter Navarro's column about Dr. Anthony Fauci that it solicited and published did not meet its fact-checking standards. Navarro's column, saying that the nation's top infectious disease expert had been wrong about several key pandemic response policies, ran in Wednesday's newspaper and online a night earlier. USA Today also ran a fact-checking column debunking some of Navarro's claims. The episode is reminiscent of The New York Times disavowing a column by U.S. Sen. Tom Cotton that advocated to sending federal troops to break up protests across the country. The Times' editorial editor, James Bennett, resigned from the paper after running the column. The Times said that Bennett did not read the column before it ran.There's no immediate word on how Navarro's column slipped past standards and whether anyone will be disciplined for it.In an interview with The Atlantic, Fauci called Navarro's column "bizarre," and said that the White House trade expert was "in a world by himself." 1062

NEWMAN, Calif. (AP) — The flag-draped casket of a California police officer who authorities say was gunned down by a man in the country illegally was carried in a procession Friday through the streets he once patrolled to a public viewing in a community theater.The case has rekindled a debate over California's sanctuary law that limits cooperation with federal immigration authorities. President Donald Trump seized on the case to call for tougher border security amid a fight with congressional Democrats over funding for a border wall, which has forced a partial government shutdown.On Thursday, Trump called Cpl. Ronil Singh's family to offer his condolences, the White House said.People waving American flags lined up along the streets of the Central Valley town of Newman where a viewing was held for Singh, who was fatally shot during a traffic stop on Dec. 26.Prosecutors on Wednesday charged Gustavo Perez Arriaga in Singh's killing. Perez Arriaga was arrested after a dayslong manhunt as he prepared to flee to Mexico, authorities said.A casket carrying Singh's body and draped with an American flag was driven in a procession from Modesto into a theater in Newman where the marquee read "Ronil Singh Forever Remember" while several officers saluted.The casket was taken from the hearse into the theater for a viewing as the police department's 12 officers and Singh's family followed. A memorial service and burial is scheduled for Saturday in Modesto.Singh, who emigrated from his native Fiji to pursue a career in law enforcement, joined the Newman police force in 2011. The 33-year-old was married and had a 5-month-old son.Prosecutors said Perez Arriaga, 33, shot Singh after the officer stopped his vehicle to check if he was driving drunk. He has two previous drunken driving arrests, authorities said.At his first court appearance, Perez Arriaga told the judge that his real name is Paulo Virgen Mendoza, but authorities were still referring to him as Perez Arriaga in court documents. A complaint lists three aliases for him, including Paulo Virgen Mendoza.His attorney, Stephen Foley, questioned his client's mental competency, leading the court to delay the case until a mental health evaluation. Perez Arriaga is set to return to court Feb. 7.Two of Perez Arriaga's brothers, his girlfriend and four others were arrested on suspicion of helping him evade authorities. 2398

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