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KUNMING, Dec. 11 (Xinhua) -- By moonlight, Ma Yuanqiong, a grassroots AIDS prevention practitioner, and her colleagues slipped into a large community of migrant workers in the city of Jinghong in southwest Yunnan province.As usual, they were greeted tepidly. A dozen sex workers living in the community came to obtain free condoms and brochures on AIDS prevention and quickly dispersed."We visit these women every week. They are familiar with us, but rarely talk about themselves," said Ma, who is in charge of an AIDS prevention program targeting sex workers in Jinghong. The program was initiated by Fuhua International, a local NGO.Sex workers are highly sensitive and vigilant due to safety concerns, since sexual services are illegal in China, Ma said. They have become harder to find since local police started a persistent crackdown on prostitution two years ago and drove many sex workers underground, she said.INACCESSIBILITY IMPEDES EFFORTSJinghong is located in Xishuangbannan Dai autonomous prefecture. Bordering Laos and Myanmar, it's a famous tourist city where the underground sex industry thrives.The AIDS prevention program, which began in 2006, is aimed at improving sex workers' awareness of the epidemic -- which is primarily sexually transmitted -- and prompting them to change risky behavior.In the beginning, program workers quickly realized they faced a significant challenge. "We were often rejected, or even threatened when trying to get in touch with the sex workers at first," Ma said.But the practitioners persisted, approaching nonjudgmentally and treating them as friends, and eventually their efforts began to pay off.During the past five years, the program has provided free condoms and AIDS consulting services to more than 400 sex workers aged 14 to 58 and from many parts of the country, according to Ma.The program has even helped several sex workers give up the business and pursue legitimate careers.However, the organization currently only keeps in touch with about 100 sex workers and has found it more difficult to reach more.The police crackdown has made the sex workers, especially low-paid street hookers, more mobile and less visible, and Ma pointed out that low-paid sex workers are in greater need for outreach as they are more vulnerable to HIV infection than their their higher-paid counterparts."Low-level sex workers are at a heightened risk, as they and their clients, mainly migrant workers and the elderly, all have insufficient knowledge of the disease," she said.According to statistics provided by the provincial disease control and prevention center (CDC) of Yunnan, about 1.6 percent of sex workers in Yunnan have contracted HIV, while the ratio among the low-level group is 3 percent.By the end of October, Yunnan reported 93,567 HIV carriers and AIDS patients, the most among all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities."We conducted a survey in Jinghong and neighboring Menghai County at the end of 2008 and found that low-level sex workers almost never used condoms then," said Kang Jun, head of the HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment office in Xishuangbanna.The survey also found that the low-level sex workers only charged about 20 yuan (3.2 U.S. dollars) for each service, and every day they received 16 clients on average, according to Kang.Ahead of the police crackdown, Kang and his colleagues had provided HIV testing services for more than 30 low-level sex workers, and the results showed that two of them had been infected by the virus."The testing work was forced to halt as the crackdown began soon and we could hardly find them," Kang said.The good news, he said, was that the local CDC will launch a four-year investigation on sex workers in Xishuangbanna next January as part of a massive state-funded research project.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 12 (Xinhua) -- British scientists have discovered a new way to target cancer through manipulating a master switch responsible for cancer cell growth. The findings, published Monday in the U.S. journal Cancer Cell, reveal how cancer cells grow faster by producing their own blood vessels.Cancer cells gain the nutrients they need by producing proteins that make blood vessels grow, helping deliver oxygen and sugars to the tumor. These proteins are vascular growth factors like VEGF -- the target for the anti-cancer drug Avastin. Making these proteins requires the slotting together of different parts of genes, a process called splicing.Scientists at the University of West England and the University of Bristol discovered that mutations in one specific cancer gene can control how splicing is balanced, allowing a master switch in the cell to be turned on. This master switch of splicing makes cancer cells grow faster, and blood vessels to grow more quickly, as they alter how VEGFs are put together.In experimental models, the researchers found that by using new drugs that block this master switch they prevented blood vessel growth and stopped the growth of cancers."The research clearly demonstrates that it may be possible to block tumor growth by targeting and manipulating alternative splicing in patients, adding to the increasingly wide armory of potential anti-cancer therapies," the authors said.

WASHINGTON, Jan. 2 (Xinhua) -- A systematic review of previous studies suggests that there may be a positive connection between physical activity and children's academic performance, according to a report published Monday in the Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine.A group of scientists at the Vrije Universiteit (Free University) Medical Center in the Netherlands reviewed evidence on the relationship between physical activity and academic performance because of concerns that pressure to improve test scores may often mean more instructional time for classroom subjects with less time for physical activity.The authors identified 10 observational and four interventional studies for review, 12 of which were done in the United States, one in Canada and one in South Africa. Sample sizes ranged from 53 to about 12,000 participants between the ages of eight years and 18 years old. Follow-up varied from eight weeks to more than five years."According to the best-evidence synthesis, we found strong evidence of a significant positive relationship between physical activity and academic performance. The findings of one high-quality intervention study and one high-quality observational study suggest that being more physically active is positively related to improved academic performance in children," the report said.Background information in the article suggests that exercise may help cognition by increasing blood and oxygen flow to the brain, increasing levels of norepinephrine and endorphin to decrease stress and improve mood, and increasing growth factors that help create new nerve cells and support synaptic plasticity."More high-quality studies are needed on the dose-response relationship between physical activity and academic performance and on the explanatory mechanisms, using reliable and valid measurement instruments to assess this relationship accurately," the report concluded.

BEIJING, Jan. 05 (Xinhuanet) -- China's satellite television channels have aired fewer entertainment programs this year as broadcasting watchdog's curbs on "excessive entertainment" took effect.The State Administration of Radio, Film and Television has cut two-thirds of "racy" entertainment programs on China's 34 satellite channels since the campaign began, the spokesperson for the administration said on Tuesday.Since the regulation took effect on Jan 1, the total number of entertainment programs scheduled for prime-time -7:30 pm to 10 pm - broadcast a week dropped to 38 from 126 at the end of last year, according to a statement from the administration.Under the regulation, announced in October, each satellite channel can broadcast no more than two entertainment programs a week and the maximum length of the program may not exceed 90 minutes.The targeted programs, including dating shows, reality talent shows and emotional stories on the administration's list, were deemed "excessive entertainment" and showing "less taste"."Satellite channels should design programs with innovative content, promoting traditional virtues and socialist core values in their new entertainment programs," the authority said.The administration considers the move crucial to improving cultural content for the public by offering high-level programs.Meanwhile, the number of news programs on the satellite channels has grown to 193 a day, 33 percent more than in 2011.Currently, news programming on each satellite channel has surpassed two hours, and each channel has at least two 30-minute news programs during prime time.But popular dating shows such as If You Are the One, produced by Jiangsu Satellite TV, and reality shows such as China's Got Talent, aired by Shanghai-based Dragon TV, will remain on during prime time in the weekend.Li Hao, spokesman for Hunan Satellite TV, a broadcaster famous for its entertainment programs, told China Daily the regulation will improve the quality of entertainment programs."We have been exploring how to make entertainment shows more meaningful and valuable," he said, adding that the channel has shortened the length of its two entertainment programs from 110 to 90 minutes."We will supervise programs more strictly, and pay close attention to things such as the clothing and comments of hosts and guests," he added.Cheng Manli, a media professor at Peking University, welcomed the new regulation to limit "less tasteful" programs involving violence and money worship."After all, unhealthy programs may hurt young people who are not able to distinguish right from wrong, which also worries their parents," she said.However, Yu Guoming, a professor at the School of Journalism at Renmin University of China, did not think the regulation was the way to improve cultural development."Whether the entertainment program is good or not should be decided by viewers' reaction, instead of an administration's evaluation," he said. "Residents are under pressure and need to watch shows to relax in our society."Yu also said that a good entertainment program should respect residents' taste and give them more viewing choices, or else it could lead to rigid restrictions.Ma Yuqiang, who runs an online clothing retail company, said the new rule will not affect his daily life, because he can watch the entertainment programs that were taken off prime time on the Internet."I think the regulation will drive most young people to the Internet," Ma, 26, said.

BEIJING, Dec. 30 (Xinhua) -- China's quality watchdog said Friday that the latest checks by testing organizations did not find excessive levels of aflatoxin in milk products made by Chinese dairies.The special checks were launched after the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) reported on Dec. 23 that two batches of milk products made by two separate domestic dairies, including heavyweight Mengniu Dairy Group, were found to contain high levels of the cancer-causing toxin.A brief statement on the government agency's website Friday said the checks have covered major makers, including Mengniu, Yili Industrial Group, Bright Dairy, and Sanyuan Food.An AQSIQ official said earlier the toxin had originated from cows eating mildewed feed, citing reviews by experts. The toxin would disappear if the animals stop eating the rotten feed, the official said.Aflatoxin is produced by a fungus that commonly grows on crops such as grain and peanuts. High levels of the toxin may lead to cancer in some animals.