山东痛风怎么缓解和治疗(济南引起痛风怎么治疗) (今日更新中)

WASHINGTON, Jan. 16 (Xinhua) -- A new study examining weather patterns around the worldwide pandemics of influenza, which caused widespread death and illness in 1918, 1957, 1968 and 2009, finds that each of them was preceded by La Nina conditions in the equatorial Pacific. The study findings are published online Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.The study's authors -- Jeffrey Shaman of Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health and Marc Lipsitch of the Harvard School of Public Health -- note that the La Nina pattern is known to alter the migratory patterns of birds, which are thought to be a primary reservoir of human influenza. The scientists theorize that altered migration patterns promote the development of dangerous new strains of influenza.To examine the relationship between weather patterns and influenza pandemics, the researchers studied records of ocean temperatures in the equatorial Pacific in the fall and winter before the four most recent flu pandemics emerged. They found that all four pandemics were preceded by below-normal sea surface temperatures -- consistent with the La Nina phase of the El Nino- Southern Oscillation.The authors cite other research showing that the La Nina pattern alters the migration, stopover time, fitness and interspecies mixing of migratory birds. These conditions could favor the kind of gene swapping or genetic reassortment that creates novel and therefore potentially more variations of the influenza virus."We know that pandemics arise from dramatic changes in the influenza genome. Our hypothesis is that La Nina sets the stage for these changes by reshuffling the mixing patterns of migratory birds, which are a major reservoir for influenza," says Shaman.Changes in migration not only alter the pattern of contact among bird species, they could also change the ways that birds come into contact with domestic animals like pigs. Gene-swapping between avian and pig influenza viruses was a factor in the 2009 swine flu pandemic.

HANOI, Oct. 25 (Xinhua) -- The hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) and dengue were on the rise across Vietnam, reported the Vietnam Preventive Medicine Administration (PMA) on Tuesday.As of Oct. 23, the country had more than 76,120 HFMD patients and 135 fatalities. The number of incidents has increased significantly over the last few weeks, with an average of 2,000-2, 500 new cases reported each week.Southern Ho Chi Minh City and Binh Duong, Long An and Quang Ngai were the most-hit localities, said the report.Meanwhile, dengue was also reported on the rise. In the first ten months of the year, there were more than 41,200 infected cases and 32 fatalities. Currently, an average of 2-3 cases a day were hospitalized by dengue infections, mainly from capital Hanoi.Epidemiologists said that the increase of HFMD and dengue was due to the lack of specialized medicine and preventive vaccines. In addition, complicated climate change, environment pollution and low awareness of the disease among the community have contributed to the spread of the diseases nationwide.

BEIJING, Sept. 30 (Xinhuanet) -- Tobacco companies concealed the knowledge of radioactive substance in cigarettes from public for over four decades, a new study revealed.The revelation was made by a research team from the University of California, Los Angeles, published on Thursday in the online edition of the U.S. medical journal Nicotine and Tobacco Research.The researchers analyzed 27 timeworn documents and discovered that tobacco companies had knew the existence of polonium-210, a hazardous radioactive substance, in the tobacco since 1959.The companies studied polonium-210 throughout the 1960s, and concealed their findings about the carcinogenic potential of the radioactive substance.Hrayr Karagueuzian, the study's lead author, said the tobacco companies' deception surprised him.According to the revelation, the companies had knew the "cancerous growths" in the lungs of smokers, and even calculated how much radiation a regular smoker would inhale over 20 years.Karagueuzian and his team conducted again the study recorded in the tobacco documents and found that the radiation in cigarettes would cause up to 138 deaths for every 1,000 smokers over a period of 25 years.However, tobacco manufacturer denied that they had concealed the facts from the public.David Sutton, spokesman of Philip Morris, the largest U.S. tobacco company, said the polonium-210 was a "naturally occurring element in the air" and had been widely discussed by the public health community for years.

LOS ANGELES, Oct. 6 (Xinhua) -- Turner Network Television (TNT) said it will re-air the Emmy Awards-nominated 1999 television movie "Pirates of Silicon Valley" Thursday night as a tribute to Steve Jobs, Apple's creative co-founder who died overnight.According to the cable television channel, the original drama will be shown at 8 p.m. and 10 p.m. Pacific Time.Adapted from a bestseller "Fire in the Valley: The Making of The Personal Computer" by Paul Freiberger and Michael Swaine, the 95-minute made-for-television docudrama follows the fascinating and unforgettable race between technology rivals Apple Computers and Microsoft, two fledgling computer empires which have literally changed the world in many areas.It stars "ER" and "Falling Skies" actor Noah Wyle as Steve Jobs, Anthony Michael Hall, who played the leading role in the USA Network series "The Dead Zone," as Microsoft founder Bill Gates and Joey Slotnick ("Nip/Tuck") as Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak.The film debuted on TNT in June 1999 and went on to garner five Emmy nominations including Outstanding Made for Television Movie and Outstanding Writing for a Miniseries of Movie.Wyle impersonated Jobs at the 1999 Macworld conference and delivered the opening remarks. He was then joined onstage by Jobs himself.Jobs said he "invited (Wyle) here today so he could see how I really act and plus because he's a better me than me."

WASHINGTON, Nov. 8 (Xinhua) -- Children with autism have more brain cells and heavier brains compared to typically developing children, according to a study to be published on Wednesday in the Journal of the American Medical Association.The small, preliminary study provides direct evidence for possible prenatal causes of autism.The prefrontal cortex is involved in various higher order functions such as language and communication, social behavior, mood, and attention. Children who have autism tend to show deficits in such functions.Eric Courchesne, of the University of San Diego School of Medicine Autism Center of Excellence, and colleagues conducted direct counts of brain cells in specific regions of the prefrontal cortex in postmortem brains of seven boys who had autism and six typically developing males, ranging in age from 2-16 years. Most participants had died in accidents, but the researchers did not base their selection on causes of death.The researchers found that children with autism had 67 percent more neurons in the prefrontal cortex and heavier brains for their age compared to typically developing children. Since these neurons are produced before birth, the study's findings suggest that faulty prenatal cell birth or maintenance may be involved in the development of autism. Another possible factor that may contribute to the neuronal excess is a reduction in apoptosis, or programmed cell death, which normally occurs during the third trimester and early postnatal life.Though small, this preliminary study examined all relevant postmortem tissue available at the time. The relative scarcity of tissue from very young children may limit future research as well, but efforts to include a larger number of samples are needed to confirm these findings and to identify patterns of age-related changes in autism, the researchers say."Earlier studies of head circumference and early brain overgrowth have pointed us in this direction, but there have been few quantitative neuroanatomical studies due to the lack of postmortem tissue from children with autism," said Thomas Insel, director of the National Institute of Mental Health, in a statement. "These new results, along with an earlier study reporting altered wiring of the prefrontal cortex, focus our attention on this critical area of the brain in autism."

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