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Neanderthals may not have been that different from us, after all.New evidence reveals that they created the world's oldest known cave paintings and even wore seashells as body ornaments. Both behaviors suggest that they thought symbolically and had an artistic sensibility like modern humans. Two studies published Thursday in the journal Science detail the latest findings."Undoubtedly it is showing that Neanderthals were thinking and behaving just like modern humans," Alistair Pike, co-author of the studies and professor of archaeological sciences at the University of Southampton, wrote in an email."We should no longer think of them as a different species, just humans in different places," he said.The new findings of symbolic thinking show that Neanderthals and modern humans were cognitively indistinguishable, the researchers said.Cave paintings and artifacts like painted seashells have long been regarded as the work of early modern humans, who were thought to have more advanced cognitive abilities than Neanderthals. Dating cave paintings can be a difficult process, and unreliable techniques never allowed for the possibility that these could be the work of Neanderthals.Until now, that is. A new technique called Uranium-Thorium dating is less destructive, is more accurate and can go back further in time than other methods. U-Th dating looks at the deposits of carbonate on top of the paint, which contain traces of uranium and thorium that indicate when those deposits formed. That allows the researchers to determine an age for what's under the deposits.The researchers applied this technique to paintings in the La Pasiega, Maltravieso and Ardales caves in Spain, which had never received "robust" dating. The paintings include red and black images of animals, dots, lines, disks and other geometric signs. There also are engravings, hand prints and hand stencils.Those hand stencils are particularly significant, and not just because they represent the hand size of a Neanderthal."A red line, a red dot or even a positive hand print could potentially be made 'accidentally,' " wrote Dirk Hoffmann, lead author of the studies and archaeologist with the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, in an email."Of course, I am sure that this is not the case, since you would still need to bring [in] light and pigment, but one could argue that all you need is some pigment on your hand when you lean against a wall. A hand stencil cannot be explained like that. You have to hold your hand against the wall and the deliberately spray pigment over this. This is why we emphasize the hand stencil."The dating revealed that the cave art was created more than 64,000 years ago -- 20,000 years before modern humans appeared in what is now considered Europe.The shells were found in the Cueva de los Aviones, a sea cave in southeastern Spain. They are unique because they are perforated with holes and colored with red and yellow pigment. Others served as containers for the mineral pigments themselves. The pigments were used on the shells but could have also been used for the cave paintings and even as body paint.The deposit layer containing the shells dated to 115,000 years ago, which is even older than other shells recovered in Africa that were dated to modern humans."The standard archaeological interpretation of such finds is that they are body ornaments," Hoffmann said. "Similar finds were made in Africa or the Levant with similar age. In Africa or the Levant, these were made by modern humans, in Spain Neanderthals made them. So in terms of symbolism, early modern humans and Neanderthals were similar."The researchers are absolutely confident in their dating technique."We have spent 10 years refining the technique and have numerous quality controls," Pike said. "The dates respect the growth axis of the deposits we are dating, the oldest closest to the painting, the youngest at the surface."Once modern humans left Africa and migrated to Europe and other areas, mixing with the Neanderthals would've been inevitable. The researchers believe that the Neanderthals created this artwork on their own, without being influenced by any other population. But it's possible that they exchanged symbolism or that Neanderthals influenced the art and symbolism of modern humans. Modern humans were capable of symbolic behavior, so it "turns the who's copying who debate on its head," Pike said."The idea that culture only evolved with modern humans no longer makes sense," Pike said. Hoffmann suggested that Neanderthals now be referred to as "very close cousins" of modern humans.Is it possible that anyone else may have created the cave paintings?Pike said it is incredibly doubtful that a population of early modern humans migrated to Europe so early without any other evidence to suggest it."We cannot of course rule out that pre-Neanderthal populations made the art," Pike said. "This sounds like a project for the future."Hoffmann, Pike and their colleagues want to use their new dating technique in more caves in Spain, as well as France and Italy -- and anywhere else Neanderthals are known to lived.The findings also raise new questions for researchers."How far back does symbolic behavior go? Can it be traced to the last common ancestor of modern humans and Neanderthals? This is perhaps where we should be looking," Pike said. 5398

MILWAUKEE -- Some Milwaukee high schoolers are crushed after the dress they ordered for prom wasn’t done in time for the dance.Indira Ali, Riverside University High School Senior, wanted a custom made prom dress for her dance on April 20.Back in February, she met with Milwaukee designer, Kelvin Hayden and they came up with a design. She said weeks went by and she couldn’t get a hold of him. “I’ve been trying to contact him about it see how my dress is coming along. Every time he would give me an excuse on why I can’t see it, why he’s not returning calls,” Ali said. Ali said her mom put down a 0 deposit for the dress through PayPal.She said she was promised the dress would be done before the dance, but it wasn’t. Hours before prom she was forced to find a different one.“He told me it was going to be done in four weeks and those four weeks came and went by and I still didn’t have a dress,” Ali said. Her mom and others were furious and shared their stories on Facebook, demanding Hayden give these girls their money back. Hayden talked with Scripps station WTMJ in Milwaukee over the phone. He said he refunded everyone and has apologized to the young girls and their mothers.He said the company he ordered lace from for one of the prom dresses kept sending the wrong kind and weeks went by and he was forced to order a different material. “I ordered some of that fabric and paid for express shipping which was well over 0, it came in and mind you, it came in the day before her prom,” said Hayden. Issues with that one dress, Hayden said, delayed his work on three other prom dresses. With 25 years experience as a designer, Hayden told WTMJ he’s never had anything like this happen before. “There’s nothing I can say that’s going to bring their special day back,” Hayden said. A photographer, Timothy Ricketts, saw the story on social media and decided he would find a way to make it up to the girls.He said he plans to get hair stylists and makeup artists involved and take professional photos of the teens for free. If anyone is interested in donating their services, you can email: Promprojectmke@gmail.com   2233

More proof that baby animals are just like children, video showing a nearly 4-month-old rhino at the Cincinnati Zoo playing in the mud during a rainstorm.The zoo shared a video on their Facebook page of Ajani Joe jumping, slipping and frolicking in the slick mud. 271

National walkout protests are planned at schools across the country on Wednesday in support of students affected by the Parkland, Florida school shooting.Students, teachers, parents and others associated with schools are participating to push for legislation that aims to protect public places from gun violence.The walkout is organized by Women's March Youth EMPOWER, and the group is calling for those who support the effort to walk out of schools for 17 minutes at 10 a.m. in each time zone. Seventeen is the number of people killed at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland on Feb. 14, 2018.Nikolas Cruz, 19, confessed to the killings; he used an AR-15 assault rifle to shoot people in the school. Several others were wounded."We are not safe at school. We are not safe in our cities and towns. Congress must take meaningful action to keep us safe and pass federal gun reform legislation that address the public health crisis of gun violence," the Women's March Youth EMPOWER website reads. "We want Congress to pay attention and take note: many of us will vote this November and many others will join in 2020."Join us in saying #ENOUGH!," the website says.Students have rights, though schools may discipline 1250

Mira Ricardel barely lasted seven months as deputy national security adviser before First Lady Melania Trump issued an unprecedented call for her dismissal and President Donald Trump moved to fire her.In those few months on the job, Ricardel generated a long list of enemies and developed a reputation for shouting at subordinates, plotting against White House officials she disliked and leaking stories about her administration opponents to the press. One source familiar with the situation said Ricardel's firing is due in part to her "bullying" of aides both above and below her.Current and former colleagues of Ricardel paint a picture of a committed conservative and national security expert with a strong personality. One former colleague described her as someone who doesn't "suffer fools" or have a nuanced touch when it comes to navigating the shoals of internal politics. A White House official was blunter, describing the California native as ideologically driven and "obstinate".The former State Department and Pentagon official made enemies of heavyweights within the Trump administration, feuding with chief of staff John Kelly, his deputy Zach Fuentes, and locked horns with Defense Secretary James Mattis, according to people familiar with the White House intrigue.But her spat with the first lady's staff over Mrs. Trump's trip to Africa -- apparently over seating on the plane and the use of National Security Council resources -- seems to have earned her the enmity of the person who may wield the most weight with Trump: his wife.The President told people on Tuesday that he had made the decision to fire Ricardel, but that he was giving her time to clear her desk, making her the latest in a long list of high ranking officials who have left or been booted from the Trump administration.Ricardel did not return requests for comment.Ricardel was raised in Pasadena, the child of a Croatian immigrant and went on to study at Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service and then do doctoral work at Tufts University's Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. 2097

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