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At 3 p.m. ET on Monday, November 26, a group of researchers will be really sweating. The NASA InSight spacecraft will try to land on Mars.After six months of flight, the lander component of the probe will detach itself from the cruise stage and head into the atmosphere. The lander component initially looks a fair bit like the re-entry capsule used in the 1960s and 1970s for the Apollo moon missions -- sort of conical, with a smooth and flat bottom. That bottom is a crucial heat shield that is designed to protect the probe as it passes through the thin Martian atmosphere.The landing is a devilishly difficult feat. The landing capsule has to batter its way through the atmosphere. It will fly through the Martian air at an initial speed of 12,300 mph, and it must hit the atmosphere at an angle of precisely 12 degrees. Any shallower, and the probe will bounce off into deep space. Any steeper, and the probe will burn itself up in a spectacular and fiery death. The probe will first touch the atmosphere six minutes and 45 seconds before landing. During this phase, it will experience acceleration 12 times that of the Earth's gravity. Were the probe a 150-pound human, during the flaming descent, it would weigh nearly a ton.About 3? minutes after the probe hits the atmosphere, a parachute will deploy, slowing down the probe even more. Fifteen seconds later, explosives will blow the heat shield off, exposing the actual InSight probe hidden inside. Ten seconds after the heat shield falls away, the probe will extend its legs, much like an airplane extends its wheels before touching down.The probe will fall for an additional two minutes attached to the parachute and protected by its conical shell. About 45 seconds before InSight lands, it will drop out of the shell and fall toward the surface. As soon as it leaves the shell, its landing rockets will ignite.The actual InSight probe looks a little bit like the Apollo moon lander, with three legs to support it and a boxy top. The rockets will slow it further and stop any remaining horizontal motion. Then, about 15 seconds before touchdown, the InSight probe will descend at a speed of 8 feet per second, before hopefully touching down gently on the Martian surface.The entire landing sequence will take about seven minutes to occur. A radio signal from Mars to Earth currently takes about eight minutes and seven seconds to get here. So the complete landing process will take place before we find out if it was successful. It will be done automatically, entirely by the probe itself. For the scientists and engineers who designed InSight, this is called "seven minutes of terror."And they are right to be worried. Mars is a graveyard of failed probes. There have been 44 attempts by various national space agencies to land on Mars. Eighteen have been successful. Twenty-three have not. Three have achieved orbit but failed at a landing.So, what does InSight hope to achieve? Well, as it happens, a lot. But it's different than the intrepid Curiosity probe, which NASA landed in 2012. InSight will not move around. Instead, it will stay put and tell us of the interior of Mars.One thing it will do is emit radio waves that we can monitor on Earth. By making careful measurements of how the frequency of the radio waves change, we will be able to measure the degree to which Mars wobbles as it rotates. That will tell us something about the core of the planet, specifically its makeup and information on the degree to which it is molten.InSight will also deploy a seismometer to listen for marsquakes (like earthquakes, but Martian-style) and for impacts of meteors on the planet. Information gleaned from the waves the seismometer detects will tell us more about the planet's interior.The third thing InSight will do is to dig below the planet's surface. Using a jackhammer, the probe will drill down 5 meters (16 feet) into the planet and, basically, it will take the planet's temperature.There are many reasons this is interesting. Taking the temperature at that depth will allow planetary scientists to determine how much heat is escaping from Mars. More broadly, this measurement will allow a clear determination of the temperature of the planet much closer to the core.This information will tell us a lot about how Mars formed, which, in turn, will add to the information of how rocky planets, including our own Earth, typically develop.And if you're more of an explorer kind of person and not so interested in Martian geology, it will also tell us how warm the planet is at modest depths, which will tell us if there is any chance of liquid water on the planet. Perhaps obviously, if the Martian subsurface is warm enough, any buried water will be in liquid form and not ice. Finding liquid water would be the key discovery that would make Martian exploration relatively easy. A relatively recent possible discovery of a buried Martian lake was promising, but the data was not conclusive. Knowing that the ground is warm would be very comforting to possible future explorers.Exploring the solar system is the first step toward exploring the stars. The InSight probe will give us --well -- insight into whether this is something that humanity will achieve in the foreseeable future.And maybe Elon Musk's bet on him getting to Mars will become true. 5329

ATLANTA, Ga. -- From the motivational speeches of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. to the spiritual guidance of Mahatma Gandhi, Morehouse College in Atlanta is literally covered with inspirational messages.One phrase, however, has become the mantra for what it takes to become a Morehouse man:“Iron sharpens iron,” said Morehouse College president Dr. David Thomas.Thomas says students and staff at this historically black men’s college have turned struggles into strengths for more than a century.“What we do here is something that doesn’t happen anywhere else on the planet,” he said.The Morehouse campus is quiet this summer with all classes now being taught online. A decision Thomas says may spill over into the fall semester.“I’ve got to do the best job I can for this college,”said Thomas. With staff and salary cuts already happening, the impacts of COVID-19 could last much longer.“When you talk to our students about their experience being here, they will often talk about the power of being in a place where black male excellence is an expectation,” Thomas said. “And that’s hard to communicate in a virtual experience."Morehouse’s 2020 valedictorian, however, was able to express the difficultly of this new reality in simple terms“I think my experience when COVID hit was, I describe it as a little disappointing,” said new graduate Golden Daka.Though Daka is disappointed, he says his class has turned this pandemic into a learning experience.“It let us know that life isn’t not guaranteed and the most precious moments that you cherish could easily be taken away from you,” he said. “So, a lot of people are approaching this as a form of adversity to get stronger an to get better in areas of weakness.”In addition to closing campus, Morehouse College has also canceled all fall sports, which they say is the first Division II HBCU in the country to make that decision.“It’s heartbreaking for me,” Thomas said.Despite the disappointment, Thomas says Morehouse is more focused on academics than athletics, adding that the key to reopening campus is finding a vaccine.“We’re going to have to do that before I think we can declare victory against the virus,” he said.Morehouse now has the chance to play a role in that victory. Its school of medicine was awarded a million government initiative to combat COVID-19 in minority communities, something Thomas believes will help better the world.“Only history will determine it,” he said.A history of excellence, as iron continues to sharpen iron. 2511

As the holidays approach, many people are wondering how to safely celebrate. The CDC has urged Americans not to travel for Thanksgiving, and offering guidance for those who still want to go somewhere. Health officials weighed in on whether you need to quarantine before you visit family for the holidays."My own family, we usually have 100 relatives every year at Thanksgiving. Now, clearly, that’s not going to be happening this year. It’s going to be on Zoom for the big family, but I think there are ways that you can celebrate with your smaller family and get together safely, but it's going to take some work and some planning," said Dr. Tanya Altmann, a pediatrician and spokesperson for the American Academy of Pediatrics.Dr. Altmann says there are a number of steps people can take to protect themselves from getting COVID-19 this holiday season. Ideally, everyone would quarantine for two weeks before and after a get-together. Some families may think about switching their kids to remote learning if they are not already doing it."I don’t think its drastic. If you want to get together with elderly grandparents for Thanksgiving, I think keeping your kids home from school for a week and then testing them on day five to seven, assuming everybody is asymptomatic, can make a lot of sense. Again, I would still try to keep them a little distanced from the grandparents," said Dr. Altmann.But what if you can't switch your kids to remote learning? Dr. Altmann says then it won't be a true quarantine, but most schools that are in-person right now are doing everything right."They're masking, they’re distancing, they’re sanitizing and disinfecting, they’re hand washing. So, what we’re seeing is most kids are not catching COVID-19 in the school classroom during the school day, they're catching it at after-school activities, they're catching it on the weekends when they're gathering with friends or their families or doing things that maybe they shouldn’t necessarily be doing," said Dr. Altmann.So, how long should you quarantine last? For medical professionals, a quarantine usually refers to a person who's potentially been exposed but is not showing symptoms. It's a waiting period to help determine infection."I think really the best guidance is to wait that 14-day quarantine period to have some degree of confidence that you’re not going to become infected," said Dr. Beth Thielen, an Assistant Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Minnesota Medical School and an infectious disease physician. Dr. Thielen says, to be extra careful, you could also test yourself seven days into your two-week quarantine."A testing in between without symptoms is somewhat helpful because we also know there are a certain percentage of people who will develop asymptomatic infections and, in particular, this is probably important for children," said Dr. Thielen.However, testing rules and access varies in each state, so it's best to reach out to your local health official or doctor to find out about availability and turnaround times for results."So, I think for some, where now I'm hearing people are waiting days after a test, and so if you're planning to get tested before a trip and it's going to take four to five days to turnaround the test, that could be the entirety of your trip," said Dr. Thielen.Health officials advise erring on the side of caution, especially if you're planning on visiting elderly family members."I think the most important thing is to be really aware of that it's not just your family. 'Oh, we don't want to catch COVID, we might get sick' but that you could spread it to others who are even more vulnerable," said Dr. Altmann.Experts say to take the highest precautions to create the least amount of risk. 3756

ASHLAND COUNTY, Ohio - The Ashland County, Ohio Sheriff’s Office is investigating after an 8-year-old boy allegedly shot his sister, who is 4-years-old.According to deputies, it happened on Saturday at their home in Hayesville Village.The little girl was taken to the hospital for multiple gunshot wounds and is currently listed in stable condition.The boy was removed from the home, and their mother is now in custody. She has not been formally charged.It’s unclear if the shooting was intentional or accidental. 531

ASPEN, Colorado – Former professional cyclist Lance Armstrong found himself in a Colorado hospital Thursday after crashing his bike on a trail near Aspen.Armstrong posted on Instagram that he was riding the Tom Blake Trail in Snowmass Village when he took a spill and hit his head.As a precaution, Armstrong went to Aspen Valley Hospital to be checked out. 369