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With a coronavirus vaccine still months off, companies are rushing to test what may be the next best thing: drugs that deliver antibodies to fight the virus right away, without having to train the immune system to make them.Antibodies are proteins the body makes when an infection occurs; they attach to a virus and help it be eliminated. Vaccines work by tricking the body into thinking there’s an infection so it makes antibodies and remembers how to do that if the real bug turns up.But it can take a month or two after vaccination or infection for the most effective antibodies to form. The experimental drugs shortcut that process by giving concentrated versions of specific ones that worked best against the coronavirus in lab and animal tests.“A vaccine takes time to work, to force the development of antibodies. But when you give an antibody, you get immediate protection,” said University of North Carolina virologist Dr. Myron Cohen. “If we can generate them in large concentrations, in big vats in an antibody factory ... we can kind of bypass the immune system.”These drugs are believed to last for a month or more and could give quick, temporary immunity to people at high risk of infection, such as health workers and housemates of someone with COVID-19. If they proved effective and if a vaccine doesn’t materialize or protect as hoped, the drugs might eventually be considered for wider use, perhaps for teachers or other groups.They’re also being tested as treatments, to help the immune system and prevent severe symptoms or death.“The hope there is to target people who are in the first week of their illness and that we can treat them with the antibody and prevent them from getting sick,” said Dr. Marshall Lyon, an infectious disease specialist helping to test one such drug at Emory University in Atlanta.Having such a tool “would be a really momentous thing in our fight against COVID,” Cohen said.Vaccines are seen as a key to controlling the virus, which has been confirmed to have infected more than 20 million people worldwide and killed more than 738,000. Several companies are racing to develop vaccines, but the results of the large final tests needed to evaluate them are months away.The antibody drugs are “very promising” and, in contrast, could be available “fairly soon,” said Dr. Janet Woodcock, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration official who is leading government efforts to speed COVID-19 therapies. Key studies are underway and some answers should come by early fall.One company, Eli Lilly, has already started manufacturing its antibody drug, betting that studies now underway will give positive results.“Our goal is to get something out as soon as possible” and to have hundreds of thousands of doses ready by fall, said Lilly’s chief scientific officer, Dr. Daniel Skovronsky.Another company that developed an antibody drug cocktail against Ebola — Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. — now is testing one for coronavirus.“The success with our Ebola program gives us some confidence that we can potentially do this again,” said Christos Kyratsous, a Regeneron microbiologist who helped lead that work.Regeneron’s drug uses two antibodies to enhance chances the drug will work even if the virus evolves to evade action by one.Lilly is testing two different, single-antibody drugs — one with the Canadian company AbCellera and another with a Chinese company, Junshi Biosciences. In July, Junshi said no safety concerns emerged in 40 healthy people who tried it and that larger studies were getting underway.Others working on antibody drugs include Amgen and Adaptive Biotechnologies. The Singapore biotech company Tychan Pte Ltd. also is testing an antibody drug and has similar products in development for Zika virus and yellow fever.“I’m cautiously optimistic” about the drugs, said the nation’s top infectious diseases expert, Dr. Anthony Fauci. “I’m heartened by the experience that we had with Ebola,” where the drugs proved effective.What could go wrong?— The antibodies may not reach all of the places in the body where they need to act, such as deep in the lungs. All the antibody drugs are given through an IV and must make their way through the bloodstream to wherever they’re needed.— The virus might mutate to avoid the antibody — the reason Regeneron is testing a two-antibody combo that binds to the virus in different places to help prevent its escape.Skovronsky said Lilly stuck with one antibody because manufacturing capacity would essentially be cut in half to make two, and “you will have less doses available.” If a single antibody works, “we can treat twice as many people,” he said.— The antibodies might not last long enough. If they fade within a month, it’s still OK for treatment since COVID-19 illness usually resolves in that time. But for prevention, it may not be practical to give infusions more often than every month or two.A San Francisco company, Vir Biotechnology Inc., says it has engineered antibodies to last longer than they usually do to avoid this problem. GlaxoSmithKline has invested 0 million in Vir to test them.Giving a higher dose also may help. If half of antibodies disappear after a month, “if you give twice as much, you will have two months’ protection,” Lilly’s Skovronsky said.— The big fear: Antibodies may do the opposite of what’s hoped and actually enhance the virus’s ability to get into cells or stimulate the immune system in a way that makes people sicker. It’s a theoretical concern that hasn’t been seen in testing so far, but large, definitive experiments are needed to prove safety.“As best as we can tell, the antibodies are helpful,” Lyon said.___Marilynn Marchione can be followed on Twitter: @MMarchioneAP___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 5919

When Tim Frye retired from his job as a project manager in 2017, he envisioned traveling the U.S. in an RV with his fiancée. But not long after spending about a quarter of a million dollars on a luxurious, 39-foot 2014 Forest River Berkshire motorhome, his fiancée left him — and he was left with a very expensive vehicle in his yard.“I could sell it, but I’d lose a ton of money because I had just bought it and wouldn’t be able to get the full value back,” Frye said. “Or I could rent it out.”Frye, who lives in Flower Mound, Texas, opted for the latter, posting his motorhome on online RV rental marketplace Outdoorsy, which is essentially Airbnb for motorhomes and campervans. Owners coordinate with renters on a meetup spot and handle the vehicle maintenance and cleaning. Outdoorsy handles the booking requests, transactions and RV insurance.In his first two years renting his RV on the site, business already was good for Frye. But everything changed when coronavirus hit. And for Frye’s RV business, things changed for the better.“This is the king of side hustles for me,” Frye said.The coronavirus impact on RV rentingPortland-based Adam Clayton has two 2017 Winnebago Travato campervans available for rent on Outdoorsy. Before the pandemic, Clayton said both RVs were booked solid through October 2020. Given his location about 15 minutes from Portland International Airport, Clayton frequently catered to international visitors looking to road trip through the Pacific Northwest.But when the pandemic hit, all his out-of-towners immediately cancelled their reservations. With Oregon state parks closed, business was slow in March and April. But as parks reopened, Clayton saw a quick uptick in locals. Eager travelers converted from cruising to camping. They ignored international travel in favor of national parks. And that meant a sudden uptick in people looking to rent or buy RVs.It was a similar situation for Andrew Carson, who rents his RVs out of his home in Fredericksburg, Virginia.“As of early March, we had 11 reservations set up throughout the summer, yet once COVID hit, every single one canceled,” he said. “We panicked, thinking, ‘what have we gotten ourselves into?’ But once things started opening back up — around April — RVing became the hottest thing in America.”By May, he had already been booked for 120 days straight. Frye was especially lucky; he never even saw an initial dip.“People came to me because they had trips planned, but suddenly their hotels had canceled on them,” he said. “People were scrambling to find places to stay.”Frye says his bookings are up an average of 70% year-over-year. But while business is up, most RV owners agree that the type of business has massively shifted. It’s a lot of first-timers (Carson estimates about 70% of rentals this year were to first-timers), which means owners have to spend more time with renters during the initial walkthrough, and there’s higher odds of renters running into issues simply for being novices.With the usual RV-friendly spots off the list as music festivals remain canceled and many ski resorts are still closed, people are also shifting where they’re headed.“I’ve already booked two customers who are driving my RV to their parents’ houses,” Clayton said. “Rather than stay inside the parents’ house, they’re going to park in the driveway.”How much money can you make renting out an RV?RV rental marketplace RVshare estimates that owners of Class A RVs (those are the largest, most luxurious of the motorized RVs), can earn as much as ,000 per year through their site.There are also some costs involved, however:Commission fees: Online RV rental marketplaces typically charge a commission. Outdoorsy takes a 20% cut of the total reservation cost. RVshare is less transparent about fees since the commission rate correlates with revenue, but owners say it’s typically a 25% cut.Monthly payments, insurance and maintenance: If you’re financing your RV, you’ll have to make monthly loan payments, which likely also means interest and fees. Plus, factor in expenses like maintenance and RV insurance.Storage: RV storage can also be pricey if you don’t have your own garage to store it in. Expect to pay at least ,500 a year — and even more if you’re in a high-cost-of-living area or have an especially large vehicle.But still, it’s a lucrative side hustle. Frye said after accounting for all those costs, he still pockets ,000 annually on his single RV.Virginia-based Carson owns two Class C motorhomes (those are often referred to as mini-motorhomes). Between insurance and monthly payments on his two RVs, he pays about ,400 a month in RV-business related expenses — which easily pay for themselves. Carson said that this summer he grossed ,500 per month between both RVs.Considerations when getting into an RV-renting side hustleHigher-end vehicles typically work out to be better long-termFrye’s RV is a Class A motorhome, which is essentially a full house on wheels that’s big enough to stand up straight inside, has a full kitchen and bathroom, and sleeps multiple people.While they’re more expensive, Frye said he believes Class A motorhomes more easily retain their value versus a cheaper RV, like a campervan. He also said that since the RV is more expensive for renters, it attracts clientele who are more likely to take care of it.It’s good income, but it’s not passive incomeOwning an RV requires regular work. There’s annual maintenance, but there’s also work to be done with every rental. Between doing laundry, power washing the outside and wiping down the inside, Carson estimates he spends three to six hours cleaning the RV after every trip. He also spends about 30 minutes on the pre-rental walkthrough (and sometimes more if the renter is a newbie). Plus, he spends hours each week scheduling and communicating with renters online.Accept that they won’t be returned in perfect conditionWith strangers driving your RV, it’s bound to get dinged up, especially with more first-time RV renters. Even though RV experts will usually tell you they’re not as hard to drive as you might think, they’re still much tougher to navigate than your average small sedan.“You can’t be too emotionally attached,” Frye said.While sites like Outdoorsy do provide insurance, Frye still acknowledged that putting your RV up for rent is not for you if you’ll be flustered by every little scratch.“If they’re seriously damaged, Outdoorsy insurance pays for it,” Clayton said. “But if it’s something smaller — like a faucet breaks — I just fix it. It’s a business, so treat it like a business. If something gets scratched, don’t freak out.”Location mattersFrye attributes his Texas location as a big factor in maintaining consistent bookings year round, as opposed to owners up north who experience a dip in bookings once it gets colder.And specific locations within that area make a difference too. Carson lives just off of Interstate 95, the main highway along the East Coast, which means easy access for road trippers headed up to Maine or down to Florida.Getting into the RV business nowWith road trips surging in popularity, it’s a lucrative time to adopt RV renting as a side hustle. But if you don’t yet actually have an RV to rent out, good luck.Just before COVID-19 was part of the lexicon, Clayton had run the numbers and was committed to buying a third RV to build his small business sometime in 2020. But just as the rental business is booming under COVID-19, so is the business of owning one.“Every Class B RV — even if it does go on Craigslist — is now exorbitantly priced,” he said. “My only regret prior to all this is that I hadn’t purchased four RVs.”Frye is in a similar boat as Clayton; three years after buying his RV with a fiancée who has since left him, his only regret about buying one RV is not buying more RVs.“The RV market is so hot right now,” he said. “I’m trying to find another one to buy, but suddenly since the coronavirus hit, everyone wants to buy an RV.”And Frye has one more personal reason to add more RVs to his collection: He’s since met someone new — and she and her daughter both love RV camping with him.More From NerdWalletRenting Hotels for Big Events Is Dirt-Cheap … for NowAsk a Points Nerd: How Can I Celebrate the Holidays Without Travel?4 Benefits You Need From Your Travel Credit Card in 2021Sally French is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: sfrench@nerdwallet.com. Twitter: @SAFmedia. 8451

When it comes to our cars, the cost of gas, oil changes, tires, insurance, and those dreaded repairs all add up. Many drivers don't realize how much their car really costs them.Kat Coughlin knows how expensive an older car can become."The tie rod, the tires, the transmission went out," she said about her older Taurus. "I think we spent about ,000 trying to repair it."Repairs like that can blow the budget. So it helps to know the true cost of owning a car, not just the monthly cost that the salesman puts on the sales sheet.AAA adds up all the costs and feesA new study by AAA finds the average cost of owning a new car is ,469 a year for 2017, when you factor in depreciation, insurance, gas and maintenance costs.AAA says a lot of people buy a car just based on emotions, looking only at that monthly payment of, say, 0 a month. But AAA says you are really paying 0 a month, on average.The agency says drivers don't stop to think what it will cost to maintain the car over a year or two, whether or not it is off the manufacturer's warranty.Bobby Drake is the head mechanic at an AAA repair shop."Even if it's a relatively new car you still have a lot of maintenance," he said.He says many people add to those costs by postponing maintenance, to save a few bucks now.For instance, he sees them wait for the brakes to wear down to metal, and start grinding. That will require costly new rotors in most cases, he says, turning a 0 brake-pad job into a 0 brake and rotor job."Follow the manufacturer's recommended maintenance, and that will definitely save you a lot of money in the long run."Differences between vehicle typesMeantime AAA says some types of vehicles cost a lot more to operate than others.Assuming gasoline at .34 a gallon, AAA says you can expect to pay the following amounts. 1848

With businesses around the country reopening, customers may notice an additional expense on their bill: a COVID-19 surcharge. This new surcharge is popping up around the country and is an extra fee that businesses can add to a bill to help alleviate the financial burden placed upon them during the virus outbreak. It is meant to help offset losses due to businesses having to temporarily close, or help businesses keep up with the new requirements to reopen under health guidelines.The practice of adding an additional surcharge is legal for businesses although it may feel sneaky to customers without prior notification."Businesses would have to make decisions on their own," Kern County Administrative Officer Ryan Alsop told KERO-TV. "Simply having something on the bill at the end of the night that addresses something like a COVID-19 surcharge, possibly in addition to having signage in the restaurant, maybe something on the menu upfront."Adding a surcharge to the bill isn't the only option to help businesses during this time of reopening. Businesses could choose to raise prices overall. This has already been seen in some restaurants where expenses such as food supplies and third-party delivery fees, like DoorDash and GrubHub, have gone up considerably.Alsop points out that as a business, communicating with your customers might be the best way to maintain trust and keep your customers coming back during this difficult time."If I'm a business owner, customers are my livelihood," he said. "Those I think are points where you can engage your customers and talk to them about your business decisions."This story originally reported by Veronica Morley on turnto23.com. 1689

White House officials and House Democrats said Friday they’re no closer to a deal with on a stimulus package, a week after extended unemployment benefits expired.While the White House said they believe a compromise can be made on some issues, the two sides remain far apart on funding state and local governments. Many states and municipalities are struggling due to decreased revenues and increased costs amid the pandemic.There is also disagreement among the parties, including Senate Republicans, on unemployment supplements as unemployment figures remain over 10%. From April into July, unemployed workers received an additional 0 unemployment supplement on top of standard unemployment benefits. But many Republicans grumbled that the supplement gave incentive for workers to stay home amid the pandemic.Generally, however, if an employer calls an employee back to work, they're no longer eligible for unemployment benefits.Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin told reporters on Capitol Hill Friday that he is going to recommend executive orders addressing student loan payments, evictions and unemployment supplements. Currently, federal student loan payments are frozen into October. Also, protection ended last week on evictions.President Donald Trump told reporters late Friday that he plans on signing the order "by the end of the week." But Trump said he expects there will be legal challenges to his order. Mnuchin and White House Chief of Staff Mark Meadows said that there is broad agreement on some issues, such as funding for schools to safely operate amid the pandemic. Previously, the sides also said there is agreement on providing Americans with ,200 stimulus checks for the second time this year. But Mnuchin and Meadows pointed the finger at House Democrats for not compromising on the unresolved issues.“Just to hear the comments from Senator Schumer and Speaker Pelosi saying they “want a deal” when behind closed doors, their actions do not indicate the same thing,” Meadows said.Meanwhile, Democrats pointed the finger back at the White House for not reaching a compromise.While the White House suggested that it would be okay with a partial stimulus package, Democrats are calling for a more comprehensive bill.“We’re asking them to be fair, to meet us in the middle, not to have a my way or the highway attitude, which they seem to have,” Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer said. “We can really get this done, because there are some areas where we didn’t come to an agreement on many things, but we narrowed our differences.”Both the House and Senate have adjourned for the weekend. 2622

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