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BEIJING, Oct. 16 (Xinhua) -- When the 18 farmers in east China's Anhui Province, their bellies rumbling, stamped red fingerprints on the land-contracting agreement three decades ago, they never expected they might be making history."We had no other choice," said 70-year-old Yan Lixue. Prior to World Food Day this Saturday, he recalled the bitterness and successes from those past days.The elderly man used to be head of the production team at Xiaogang Village in Fengyang County.At that time, Fengyang was dubbed the "hometown of beggars", and was infamous for its poverty. It was the hometown of Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor (1368-98) of the Ming Dynasty. Ironically, Zhu, started as an insurrectionary army leader, though he used to be a beggar, too. The local opera in Fengyang was said to be sung for begging, at the beginning.With stubble on his square chin, Yan said his only memory of those days was hunger."At that time, we ate from the 'big cooking pot'," he recalled. The "big cooking pot" referred to the public kitchen. Establishment of the Peoples' Commune was made official state policy in 1958. In the Commune, everything was shared and people were encouraged to eat in the commune's kitchen. Private cooking was then banned and replaced by communal dining.But the food from the "big cooking pot" was not enough. In Yan's memory, the days were horrible when there were fewer than 0.25 kilograms of grain per person."Sometimes people ate wild herbs or bark from the trees," he said.As a result, 67 people died of hunger during the Great Leap Forward from 1959 to 1961 when six out of over 30 households in Xiaogang disappeared. In Fengyang, 90,000 people, or one in four people, died."Sometimes you would see a person tumble and never stand up again," Yan said.The nightmare was shared by another villager, Guan Youjiang."I had four children. When they cried with hunger, my heart ached," he recalled. In his home there were only pots and beds.Yan went out to beg in 1976. At first he begged in nearby Huaiyuan County, and then roamed further to the richer Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.He then refused to lead the production team any more. "The young people mostly went out to beg and few were left to work on the field."In fact, they were not allowed to beg all year long. "We took turns going out. There had to be someone working for the village."Realizing that they could starve to death, Yan believed that they had nothing to lose, although "signing the land contracting agreement could mean severe penalties, like imprisonment or even execution," he said.

BEIJING, Sept. 7 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao on Tuesday called for China and the United States to work closely to make contributions to a steady recovery of global economy.The essential task of the two countries at present is to overcome difficulties and impacts brought about by the economic downturn, Wen said during a meeting with Lawrence Summers, head of U.S. President Barack Obama's National Economic Council, and Deputy National Security Adviser Tom Donilon."China and the U.S. should work together to properly deal with problems and consolidate the foundation for a better relationship in future," he said.Wen said a positive, cooperative and comprehensive China-U.S. relationship was in the fundamental interests of the two countries, and should be promoted unswervingly."Dialogue and cooperation are at the heart of Sino-U.S. relations, and the influence (of them) is unprecedented," he said.Wen proposed the two countries deepen political trust, respect the other's core interests, not interfere in the other's internal affairs and not take the other as an adversary.The U.S. officials told Wen that the Obama administration valued relations with China because the two countries share common interests and the ties will greatly influence the world's future.The United States wanted to promote high-level contacts and frank talks, deepen strategic trust and cooperation, and properly handle any problems so to improve bilateral ties, according to them.They also reaffirmed that the United States will adhere to one-China policy.

JERUSALEM, Oct. 13 (Xinhua) -- Visiting Chinese Middle East envoy Wu Sike on Wednesday met with Israeli Deputy Prime Minister Dan Meridor in Jerusalem. They discussed Sino-Israeli relations and the current status of the Middle East peace process.China has consistently advocated that all concerned parties settle their differences through negotiations, and achieve comprehensive peace in this region, said Wu. The direct talks between Israel and the Palestinians, which started early September, is an important opportunity in the peace process, and has firm support from China, he added.Wu said that China is deeply concerned about the present stalemate in the talks. Chinese government calls for efforts from all parties to show flexibility and compromise on various issues, including settlement construction, so as to put the negotiation back on track, reach a final-status agreement, and realize peaceful coexistence between Israel and the Palestinians, he said.Meridor speaks highly of the active role China has played in promoting the Middle East peace process. Israel is now working to achieve the two-state solution, he said, adding that his government is willing to coordinate with other parties and find a solution to break the deadlock in direct talks.Israel is the second leg of Wu's Middle East tour, which will take him also to Palestinian territories, Egypt and Turkey.Israel and the Palestinians resumed direct negotiations on September 2 in the United States. However, the talks were halted when Israeli settlers restarted building in the West Bank after Sept. 26, when a 10-month settlement freeze ended. The Palestinian National Authority has made clear that it will enter the parley only if Israeli government extends the moratorium.

BEIJING, Oct. 27 (Xinhua) -- A signed article published in Wednesday's People's Daily said China's political reform must be conducted in a step-by-step manner under a socialist system and the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC).The article, written by Zheng Qingyuan, said China's political reform should be conducted in accordance with the development of the country's economic, historical and cultural background.The article was carried by the CPC Central Committee's official newspaper after the Party concluded a key policy-setting meeting that stressed the need for political reform."Great impetus will be given to economic restructuring, while vigorous yet steady efforts should be made to promote political restructuring," the communique, issued by the fifth plenary session of the 17th CPC Central Committee, said.The article starts with noting that the kind of political system a country chooses "depends on the will of the overwhelming majority of the country's people and its particular national condition, as well as its historical and cultural background."It cited late leader Deng Xiaoping's remarks about the three key indicators to assess a country's political system: whether its political situation is stable; whether the system can enhance unity among its citizens and improve their lives; and whether the country's productivity can be sustainably developed.The article said that since 1979, the CPC has announced a comprehensive reform policy which included consistent political reform over the past three decades, and added that China had achieved some experience in political reform now.It also stressed that China's political reform should not blindly adopt western-style practices such as having multiple parties which hold office in rotation and separating administrative, legislative and judicial powers.

BEIJING, Nov. 1 (Xinhua) -- China began its sixth nationwide population census at midnight Monday to document the demographic changes in the world's most populous country and form basis for policy making.More than 6 million census workers are to knock on the doors of about 400 million households across the country in the following 10 days. Results of the 8-billion-yuan census will be released by the end of next April.WHEN MIDNIGHT CAMEWhen it came to midnight on Monday and the census was officially begun, 28-year-old Wang Yi in Jinan, capital of east China's Shandong, began knocking on a door in an apartment building.A young man with a drowsy look opened the door.Wang, after showing his certificate as a census worker, explained why he had to disturb him at midnight. In the preliminary poll conducted to prepare for the census, Wang and his colleagues could not find him. Neither did the young man respond to the notice that census takers left at his door.The man, who had missed the poll due to business elsewhere, appeared to be very cooperative and quickly fill out the questionnaire which had questions about name, age, job and housing condition.In Zhejiang, a east China province with active private economy, census takers are visiting migrant workers at night.In dim light on a square of Huzhou City, Zhejiang, 16 martial arts performers from Henan living in their vans were interviewed.After the interviews, each of the 16 migrants received a card proving that they had been surveyed so that they would not be counted twice.DIFFERENCE THIS TIMEDifferent from previous census, the floating population this year was registered at where they actually live, rather than where their permanent residence is as written on their ID cards.Also, for the first time people from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, as well as foreigners in the Chinese mainland, are included in the census. But those on short-term business or sight-seeing trips will not be covered.The census will collect data on foreigner's name, age, gender, nationality, educational attainment, purpose and duration of stay. Questionnaires for foreigners are simpler than those for Chinese.Ma Li, director of the Research Center for Chinese Population and Development, said the changes were necessary."To register according to where the floating population are could help us avoid mistakes like registering a person twice," she said.Driven by the fast-paced social and economical development, China's floating population is growing at a rate of 1.24 percent per year and China is now home to some 230 million migrant workers. To register them in the census is very difficult, Ma added.Jiang Xiangqun, a professor with the School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University, noted that some new questions were added to the census form this year, such as health condition, housing condition and social insurance."The population of seniors is growing," he said. "Such question will help the government make policies to provide for the aged."HARD BUT HELPFULAs Chinese people's awareness of privacy grows, census takers are facing difficulty in getting the information they need.Wang Xin was a census taker in Shenyang, capital of northeast China's Liaoning Province."In front of our compound there was a lady in her 40s selling pickles," she recalled. "During the preliminary poll, she refused to tell us her phone number."Wang and her colleagues took turns buying pickles from the lady, who finally told them her phone number.Wang's fellow worker, 58-year-old Zhu Rongquan, noted that in some compounds the real estate companies were not very cooperative. "In one compound the real estate company even warned us not to disturb the residents."Zhu had to wait outside in the cold wind, approaching the residents before they entered the building gate."Some residents were sympathetic, asking us to go in and gave us a cup of hot water," he said gratefully.During the door-to-door visit, census takers could encounter various problems.Wang Bin, a 38-year-old worker from Shijiazhuang City of Hebei, could not find a man registered as being born in 1919. After asking many people she learned that the man had died."I have had more than 40 such cases: someone was registered as alive but actually was dead," she said.China conducted its first nationwide population census in 1953. Since 1990 it has conducted the census every ten years. In the last census, China's population stood at 1.295 billion. (Xinhua reporter Wang Ying from Liaoning, Xiao Sisi from Guangdong, Yin Lijuan from Beijing, Ren Liying from Hebei and Liu Baosen from Shandong contributed to the report)