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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In the race for a coronavirus vaccine, scientists often say we need more than one winner.That’s in part because different vaccines use different strategies to provoke the immune system, and each strategy has different strengths.Take the inactivated virus vaccine, an approach currently used in the vaccine against the poliovirus. In this approach, scientists take a live virus, kill it with chemicals or heat, and then introduce that viral corpse into a person.There are three groups in the final phase of human trials using inactivated coronavirus, primarily in China, according to a tracker from the Milken Institute.“The immune system can tell the difference between something that's a real threat and something that's not a threat, and so if you get injected with a dead virus your immune system has the tendency to not pay a lot of attention to that,” said Dr. Shane Crotty of the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.The downside of the inactivated virus approach is that it only elicits two out of the three of the parts of the immune system, Dr. Crotty said. It’s capable of producing antibodies and helper T-cells, but not killer T-cells.The modern take on the inactivated virus approach is called a viral vector vaccine.In this strategy, scientists combine elements of the coronavirus with a common cold virus called an adenovirus that won’t make you sick. Since the virus is alive, it can elicit all three kinds of immune responses, Dr. Crotty said.“There are no licensed vaccines right now that use that strategy, but there are all kinds of vaccine trials that have been done around the world with those types [of vaccines] showing that they're straightforward to manufacture. They're very safe,” he said.The University of Oxford is testing a viral vector vaccine for COVID-19 in a Phase 3 clinical trial.Then there are subunit vaccines. These include just a section -- or subunit -- of the virus’ protein.UC San Diego is working on a coronavirus candidate vaccine using this approach.There are subunit vaccines currently on the market for tetanus and other viruses.“Working with proteins is more challenging, just from a laboratory and manufacturing perspective,” Dr. Crotty said.Enter the next phase of vaccine development. Instead of using the virus itself or fragments of it, Inovio Pharmaceuticals is working on a vaccine strategy using just the virus’ genetic information.DNA-based vaccines simply introduce a genetically engineered blueprint of the virus into a person, and the cells do the rest.“Some people get confused about this. They think it’s a genetic vaccine that changes their DNA and becomes part of them, and that’s definitely not the case.” Dr. Crotty said. “They don’t become part of you. Your body chews them up.”Researchers have been working on DNA-based vaccines for about 20 years, Crotty said, but none are currently licensed for use.San Diego-based Arcturus Therapeutics is using an RNA-based approach, along with other companies like Pfizer and Moderna that have entered Phase 3 trials.Messenger RNA reads the DNA instructions and helps translate them into proteins.Dr. Crotty said the DNA and RNA approaches have similar drawbacks and benefits: they’ve never been approved for us, but both can be developed rapidly because they don’t require access to the physical virus.Around the world, there are more than 200 coronavirus vaccines currently in development, according to the Milken Institute. 3459

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Just after President Donald Trump addressed the nation about border security, Our Lady of Guadalupe Church in Barrio Logan held an event to recruit volunteers to help at asylum shelters. “The primary purpose was to let people know from a more personal perspective what’s taking place with the caravan,” said Father John Auther, pastor at Our Lady. The volunteers work with the San Diego Rapid Response Network to help the migrants who make it across the border.Several people who had volunteered in the past got up to speak about their experiences. “If I thought I was humble, it’s made me more humble. It’s rewarding,” said Martha Carriedo. She has volunteered for months at the shelter which is housed in an undisclosed location in San Diego. It serves as a temporary refuge for asylum seekers who have made it through the border legally but need help finding a way to meet with friends or family. Or if they don’t have any connections in the U.S., to find a sponsor or longer-term housing option while they wait for their asylum case to be heard. Father John estimates they have helped 4,000 migrants since October. 1145

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Jayce Tingler doesn't plan to be a homebody in the San Diego Padres clubhouse."I want to be shagging in the outfield ... If you're out being active, more organic natural moments will arrive," Tingler told reporters, saying that he doesn't plan to sit in his office often.The Padres introduced the former Texas Rangers coach to the media at Petco Park Thursday. In front of a backdrop of brown and gold, general manager A.J. Preller spoke on Tingler's experience and confidence in him managing the team starting in 2020. Notably, Preller said he was looking for someone players would "run though a wall for" in his search.RELATED: San Diego Padres to unveil new 2020 uniforms in NovemberBefore Tingler arrived in San Diego to don number 32, he worked with the Rangers has a field coordinator and interim bench coach. Preller hailed Tingler's experience in player development for the organization, and bilingual and communication skills. The duo worked together while Preller was a scout and assistant general manager in Texas. Preller said Thursday that Tingler had showed him that he's "comfortable being uncomfortable" from his success as a young manager in the Dominican Republic.But the big question for many outside of Preller's is Tingler's experience. He becomes the Padres 21st manager in franchise history and the team's sixth-straight skipper without prior MLB managerial experience."Look, I'm going to make mistakes. My guess is at some point the players are going to make mistakes. So we have some common ground," Tingler said. "I hope to learn quick. I hope to have people around from various areas of expertise."Part of the expected change between 2019 to 2020 will include other coaching positions. Tingler says he's looking to surround himself with a staff that pushes players."We're in that process. We're meeting with people. The bottom line, can you build relationships and can you impact players, can you push them and make them better," Tingler said.Tingler walks into a club that has under delivered for the last decade. Last season marked the Padres' ninth-straight losing season. Former manager Andy Green didn't fair better, posting a .428 win percentage during his four seasons with the team.The last time the team finished above .500 was in 2010, under then-manager Bud Black.To that, Tingler says he's confident in the current squad of players and looks forward to his new staff forming those all important relationships to impact young players — hopefully producing a winning season."We've got a lot of players with huge upside ... I think they shared that kind of undying passion to win here in San Diego," Tingler said. 2676

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - If you've been missing the unicorn and rainbow concoctions that swept across plates and Instagram pages this year, the San Diego County Fair will have you covered.The sparkly and colorful wave of foods will be featured at the Del Mar Fairgrounds this year, thanks in part to 2018's theme of "How Sweet It Is."Among some of the magical offerings are the cotton candy ice cream sandwich from Chicken Charlie's (a fair mainstay), TastiBurger's unicorn fries and unicorn burger, Bacon A-Fair's unicorn party pineapple, and unicorn dogs from Pink's Hot Dog.RELATED:  613

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In a normal school year, thousands of San Diego families rely on after-school programs to help with child care and tutoring.But with schools going virtual this fall amid the pandemic, groups like the YMCA and the Boys & Girls Clubs plan to expand after-school programs into full-day operations to alleviate the burden on working families.“It’s a whole new world for us. And it’s a whole new world for families,” said Greg Erickson of the YMCA of San Diego County. “There has never been a greater demand for these types of programs than right now and so the Y has to be ready, and we will.”Beginning in August, the Y will ramp up staffing to offer full-day and half-day enrichment options for kids from kindergarten through middle school.The goal is to have kids in supervised activities from about 8 am to 4:30 pm, with half the day set aside for games and social enrichment and the other half supporting distance learning.“You can imagine a staff member with 10 kids in a classroom, each on a different Zoom call,” Erickson said. Staff members will not be credentialed teachers, he added, but the Y is interested in recruiting substitute teachers or college students studying education.The location of these childcare programs will vary across the county: some will be offered at YMCA facilities, some will be at school sites, and others will be at third-party facilities like community centers and churches.With demand for childcare expected to be high as long as school campuses are closed, the YMCA is actively scouting locations that can host enrichment programs for an indeterminate amount of time, Erickson said. The YMCA already serves about 15,000 kids in its after-school programs, said Association Director of Public Relations and Communications Courtney Pendleton.The YMCA expects to announce more specifics about the program this week, Erickson said. The cost to families is still being determined and will hinge on whether the YMCA is permitted to use state grants to offset expenses, he said.The Boys & Clubs of Greater San Diego said it planned to open select locations for all-day enrichment programs, “helping members with their distance learning activities in the morning and then transitioning to the traditional club programs in the afternoon,” said spokeswoman Ashley Schumacher.“Once local schools are able to resume in-person operations, we’ll revert back to an after school program,” she said, adding that more information about the clubs that will reopen would be available in early August. 2551