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YUEYANG, Hunan, June 2 (Xinhua) -- The population of finless porpoises, an endangered species of freshwater dolphin that lives in China's Yangtze River, may decrease by over 80 percent over the next 30 years, experts said on Thursday after conducting a field survey along the river.The rare species will edge closer to extinction if no action is taken, said Wang Ding, a dolphin expert from the Hydrobiology Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Wang's team conducted a survey on Poyang Lake, Dongting Lake and other locations along the Yangtze from Sunday to Wednesday this week.The dolphin population currently stands at 1,000, even lower than that of the giant panda, Wang said.The dolphin population is decreasing by a rate of 6.4 percent annually, Wang said."The next ten years will be a critical period for the conservation of this species," Wang said.A long-lasting drought in central China has lowered water levels in many of the region's lakes and rivers, doing great harm to the dolphins' habitat and leading to a decrease in population, Wang said.Mei Zhigang, a member of Wang's survey team, said that human activity has also contributed to the dropping population.Mei said that large numbers of shipping vessels on the Yangtze have impeded the dolphins' migration path, causing them to reproduce less frequently.

SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 13 (Xinhua) -- Researchers in San Francisco, U.S. have found in a latest study that bisphenol A (BPA) and methylparaben, two chemicals commonly used in consumer products, can interfere with the breast cancer drugs, local media reported on Tuesday.In the study, doctors from California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco found that healthy breast cells from high-risk patients started to find ways to bypass breast cancer drugs after they were exposed to BPA and methylparaben in the lab.The cells exposed to the two chemicals kept growing and didn't die after they were introduced with Tamoxifen, a current standard drug therapy for female breast cancer and most common used treatment for male breast cancer, Dr. William Goodson, lead author of the study, told San Francisco Chronicle.Goodson said that BPA and methylparaben not only mimic estrogen 's ability to drive cancer, but appear to be even better than the natural hormone in bypassing the ability of drugs to treat it. The finds have been published online in the British medical journal Carcinogenesis.The research shows more evidence of safety issues of BPA, a chemical primarily used to make plastic baby bottles, food containers, household electronics and etc, as well as the less known methylparaben, a chemical preservative used in cosmetics and other personal care products.The researchers noted that the breast cancer rates have been growing by about the same amount in men as in women over the past three decades. Scientists have been looking at environmental causes for the disease and wondering where the hormones are coming from.Goodson said BPA and methylparaben are used so widely and even found in household dust, noting that it is still unknown whether the effects of exposure to the chemicals are reversible.Since 2008, several governments issued reports questioning the negative health effects of BPA, especially raising concerns regarding exposure of fetuses, infants and children. BPA use has been banned in baby bottles in a lot of countries and regions.As for methylparaben, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration said on its website that "at the present time there is no reason for consumers to be concerned about the uses of cosmetics containing parabens (including methylparaben)."

LOS ANGELES, July 22 (Xinhua) -- Two teams of astronomers have discovered the largest and farthest reservoir of water ever detected in the universe, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) said on Friday.The water, equivalent to 140 trillion times all the water in the world's ocean, surrounds a huge, feeding black hole, called a quasar, more than 12 billion light-years away, according to JPL in Pasadena, California."The environment around this quasar is very unique in that it's producing this huge mass of water," said Matt Bradford, a scientist at JPL. "It's another demonstration that water is pervasive throughout the universe, even at the very earliest times. "This artist's concept illustrates a quasar, or feeding black hole, similar to APM 08279+5255, where astronomers discovered huge amounts of water vapor. Gas and dust likely form a torus around the central black hole, with clouds of charged gas above and below. X-rays emerge from the very central region, while thermal infrared radiation is emitted by dust throughout most of the torus. While this figure shows the quasar's torus approximately edge-on, the torus around APM 08279+5255 is likely positioned face-on from our point of view.A quasar is powered by an enormous black hole that steadily consumes a surrounding disk of gas and dust. As it eats, the quasar spews out huge amounts of energy. Both groups of astronomers studied a particular quasar called APM 08279+5255, which harbors a black hole 20 billion times more massive than the sun and produces as much energy as a thousand trillion suns.Astronomers expected water vapor to be present even in the early, distant universe, but had not detected it this far away before. There's water vapor in the Milky Way, although the total amount is 4,000 times less than in the quasar, because most of the Milky Way's water is frozen in ice. Water vapor is an important trace gas that reveals the nature of the quasar. In this particular quasar, the water vapor is distributed around the black hole in a gaseous region spanning hundreds of light-years in size (a light-year is about six trillion miles).Its presence indicates that the quasar is bathing the gas in X- rays and infrared radiation, and that the gas is unusually warm and dense by astronomical standards, JPL said.Although the gas is at a chilly minus 63 degrees Fahrenheit ( minus 53 degrees Celsius) and is 300 trillion times less dense than Earth's atmosphere, it's still five times hotter and 10 to 100 times denser than what's typical in galaxies like the Milky Way, said JPL.Measurements of the water vapor and of other molecules, such as carbon monoxide, suggest there is enough gas to feed the black hole until it grows to about six times its size, JPL said.Whether this will happen is not clear, the astronomers say, since some of the gas may end up condensing into stars or might be ejected from the quasar.Bradford's team made their observations starting in 2008, using an instrument called "Z-Spec" at the California Institute of Technology's (Caltech's) Submillimeter Observatory, a 33-foot (10- meter) telescope near the summit of Mauna Kea in Hawaii. Follow-up observations were made with the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-Wave Astronomy (CARMA), an array of radio dishes in the Inyo Mountains of Southern California.The second group, led by Dariusz Lis, senior research associate in physics at Caltech and deputy director of the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory, used the Plateau de Bure Interferometer in the French Alps to find water. In 2010, Lis's team serendipitously detected water in APM 8279+5255, observing one spectral signature.Bradford's team was able to get more information about the water, including its enormous mass, because they detected several spectral signatures of the water, according to JPL.

NAIROBI, Aug. 18 (Xinhua) -- The World Health Organization (WHO) on Thursday decried increased number of confirmed cholera cases in the Somalian capital Mogadishu, and growing reports of acute watery diarrhea in Kismayo and other crowded urban centers, saying an urgent multi-sector response to contain the spread of this highly contagious disease is being mounted.The UN health agency said has confirmed cholera in Banadir, Bay, Mudug and Lower Shabelle regions and the number of acute watery diarrhea cases has increased dramatically in the last few months.WHO Representative for Somalia Marthe Everard said combination of poor sanitation conditions, a shortage of safe water, overcrowding and high malnutrition rates, creates the perfect combination for infectious diseases, such as cholera and pneumonia, to spread and increase the number of deaths. "For the last few years, a network of health workers reporting to the early warning system is in place, however they report through a health facility or mobile clinic. Yet the large numbers of displaced people in Mogadishu are making it more difficult to record the various diseases," Everard said in a statement issued in Nairobi. "We urgently need more mobile clinics that will provide basic health care services to the many displaced and who will strengthen the reporting on new outbreaks. This is critical to our response and our ability to save lives."According to WHO, about seventy-five percent of all cases of acute watery diarrhea are children under the age of five.Since January this year, 4,272 cases of acute watery diarrhea/ cholera have been reported in Banadir Hospital in Mogadishu alone. However, at this stage most of the cholera cases in the various regions are contained and under control. "Our major concern is to monitor and detect new disease outbreaks in the many informal settlements set up by internally displaced people in and around Mogadishu", says Everard.Although cholera is endemic in the country, the last major cholera outbreak was in 2007 with an estimated 67,000 cases.WHO said recent efforts to cholrinate the water supply of Mogadishu, along with efforts to improve hygiene and sanitation have prevented a serious outbreak but with the large influx of some 100,000 people alone this year into Mogadishu, bringing the total number of IDPs in the capital to an estimated 470,000, many are living in overcrowded settlements, there is an acute shortage of safe water and adequate sanitation. "There is no need for a child to die of diarrhea, yet this is tragic reality for a Somali child, who is acutely malnourished. It is a lethal combination." said Rozanne Chorlton, UNICEF Representative for Somalia. "These types of diseases can be prevented and treated quickly, but to save children's lives we need to make sure safe water, sanitation and hygiene along with early access to primary health care, are an integral part of our emergency response."WHO said partners in the health and water and sanitation sectors are currently preparing for a potential 100,000 cholera cases including 80,000 moderate cases and 20,000 severe cases.Emergency diarrheal disease kits made up of medical supplies such as syringes, infusions, and oral rehydration fluids (ORS), already prepositioned by UNICEF and WHO have been sent to 13 hospitals.An additional 200 diarrheal disease kits, each able to treat 100 severe cases and 400 moderate cases are being procured and should be in Southern Somalia in the next few weeks, it said.In addition, WHO said, the case management of severe dehydration with and without malnutrition is being strengthened and focus is now on mobilizing a network of already trained community health promoters to move from door to door with health hygiene education messages. "Health posts will be stocked with essential medicines and ORS to identify and promptly treat patients. Many of Southern Somalia' s rural areas and urban centers rely on shallow wells, which unless protected or treated with chlorine can serve as the perfect breeding ground for water borne diseases," it said.To respond to this threat and prevent a major outbreak, the UN health agency said partners in the water, sanitation and hygiene sector are scaling up their actions to target 1.5 million people across high risk areas of the south.Supplies of chlorine and essential items for hygiene and household treatment and storage of water are being distributed.Already 217 water sources are being chlorinated and 58 water point outlets benefitting 483,200 residents and internally displaced people in Mogadishu.In addition, household hygiene supplies, including water purification tablets, soap and buckets, enough for 48,000 families, are being distributed at existing feeding centers for malnourished children.Campaigns to educate families about the treatment of drinking water, safe disposal of waste and encourage hand washing with soap will also be scaled up in high risk communities.As part of the updated 2011 UN Consolidated Appeal for Somalia, an estimated 80 million U.S. dollars is needed for the health sector and 78 million dollars is required for the water, sanitation and hygiene sector.So far, each sector has respectively raised 30 percent and 37 percent of the required money.

LOS ANGELES, Sept. 1 (Xinhua) -- Fisker Automotive, a Southern California electric car maker, announced on Thursday that it has signed a pact with BMW regarding the supply of engines and other related components for future models in a major tieup.The Anaheim, Orange County-based U.S. car maker will get a four-cylinder turbocharged engine, totalling 100,000 units every year, for its next generation of cars under a project code-named "Project Nina," the company said.The production of the model, a mass-market plug-in hybrid sedan, will begin at the end of 2012 and the sale is slated for 2013."The BMW engine was an obvious choice for us, as BMW is known for producing the best and most fuel efficient gasoline engines in the world," Fisker's CEO and Executive Design Director Henrik Fisker said. "We are very pleased to have signed this agreement with BMW."The firm did not disclose the terms.The U.S. automaker, founded in 2007, has produced electric vehicles with extended range (EVer). The first derivative of "Project Nina" will be a mid-sized premium sedan which utilizes the technology.The company's other products include Fisker Karma Sedan, a luxury sports car and the world's first premium electric plug-in hybrid.